US2844753A - Traveling wave tube - Google Patents

Traveling wave tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2844753A
US2844753A US346620A US34662053A US2844753A US 2844753 A US2844753 A US 2844753A US 346620 A US346620 A US 346620A US 34662053 A US34662053 A US 34662053A US 2844753 A US2844753 A US 2844753A
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Prior art keywords
wave
slots
electron
interaction
traveling wave
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Expired - Lifetime
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US346620A
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English (en)
Inventor
Calvin F Quate
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Priority to BE527820D priority Critical patent/BE527820A/xx
Priority to NLAANVRAGE8204329,A priority patent/NL186440B/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US346620A priority patent/US2844753A/en
Priority to FR1091096D priority patent/FR1091096A/fr
Priority to DEW13228A priority patent/DE1019389B/de
Priority to GB8910/54A priority patent/GB754383A/en
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Publication of US2844753A publication Critical patent/US2844753A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/083—Electrostatic focusing arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to traveling wave tubes which utilize the interaction between an electron stream and a traveling electromagnetic wave over a plurality of operating wavelenghs to secure gain to the traveling wave.
  • an electromagnetic wave propagates along an interaction circuit past which is projected an electron stream in field coupling relationship. Because of the relatively long length of the electron path and because of the space charge forces acting in an electron stream when the electron density is high, as is here desirable, it is generally advantageous to provide focusing to keep the electron ow cylindrical during its travel past the interaction circuit. In the past, such focusing generally has been provided by establishing a longitudinal magnetic field along the beam path. However, in practice the high fluxes required for good magnetic focusing have necessitated the use either of large permanent magnets or solenoids which have added much bulk and Weight to traveling wave tube systems.
  • An object of this invention is to eliminate the necessity for a longitudinal magnetic field and thereby to effect a saving in the size and weight of the auxiliary equipment necessary for the operation of traveling Wave tubes.
  • the 'Ihe present invention is directed to the application of electrostatic strong focusing techniques to traveling wave tubes.
  • the invention permits the substitution of transverse electrostatic fields for longitudinal magnetic fields in focusing the electron beam and thereby effects a saving in size and weight of the auxiliary equipment necessary for operation of traveling wave tubes.
  • An important feature of the present invention is a novel form of interaction circuit which is especially Well adapted for use with electrostatic strong focusing techniques.
  • the interaction circuit comprises a coaxial type transmission line of which the inner conductor is tubular and is provided with a succession of pairs of slots, the two slots of each pair being substantially diametrically opposite with respect to the axis of the line, and successive pairs of slots along the line being rotated approximately around the axis with respect to the preceding pair.
  • An interaction circuit of the kind described is particularly well suited for spatial harmonic operation in which mode of operation the interaction circuit gives rise to spatial harmonic components which propagate therealong with phase velocities slow compared to the phase velocity of the fundamental component of a wave propagating therealong and thereafter the velocity of the electron stream is adjusted to be substantially equal to the phase velocity of a suitable one of such components for interaction therewith.
  • spatial harmonic operation of this kind permits interaction either with a forward or backward. traveling Wave. The invention will be described with reference both to forward and backward wave operation.
  • Fig. l shows a conventional electrode system for achieving a quadrupole electrostatic pattern similar to that developed by the interaction circuit which is a feature of the invention
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show transverse and longitudinal sectional views, respectively, of a wave guiding structure in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 4A shows the pattern of radio frequencyl electric fields associated with alternately disposed apertures along the structure shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and Fig. 4B is a plot of the amplitude of the radio frequency electric field seen by an electron moving along this same structure;
  • Figs. 5 and 6 show the interaction circuit which is a feature of the invention embodied in a traveling wave amplifier and a backward wave oscillator, respectively.
  • a eld configuration transverse to the path of flow, of the kind shown in Fig. 1 where the desired field pattern is achieved by a quadrupole arrangement of electrodes 10, 11, 12 and 13 where the opposite electrodes 10 and 12 are maintained at a suitable negative D.C. potential with respect to electrodes 11 and 13.
  • the faces of the electrodes are preferably hyperbolic, so that the electric eld E is zero at the center and dE7 dy and 01Ey da:
  • the interaction circuit which is thegpiiicipal feature of the present invention makesv possible the realization "of 'quadrupole electrostatic eld "patterns vof the kind shown :in Fig. 1 by afwave guiding structure which is ⁇ attl'fe 'same time suitable forthe lkpropagation of electromagnetic'waves ⁇ fo ⁇ r interaction ⁇ withthe electron beam 'focused vby r ⁇ the nquadrupole 'field patterns.
  • the "interaction circuit shown in Figs. 2 vand 3 comprises a coaxial line 20 having inner and outer cylindrical 'conductiveimbera 21 and 22, respectively.
  • the Lfield lines are'radial in theinterspac'efbetween the two members corresponding 'to unslotted"'prtions ofthe inner member 21.
  • vin the regions fcorresponding to slots 24 and'ZS inthe :inner member, the Viield lines passing through become bent in terminating ,on the adjacent inner surfaces Vof inner member 21, and there results a quadrupole electrostatic t ield inthe're'gionenclosed by the inner member 21 which can be used for ⁇ electrostatic focusing in accordance 'with the principles described.
  • anelectron gun41 servesfas the Vsource ofan electron stream which ows 'longitudinally through the :envelope to a target electrode '42, ⁇ in collecting relaenvelope.
  • Theele'c'tron gunisof conventional desig'nnd includes an electron emissive cathode'i'l'A, "a bem'sliaping electrode 41B, and an accelerating anode 41C.
  • Coaxially disposed about the path of electron flow is an intertion to the 'electron stream, atthe ⁇ other end ofthe action circuit 43 of the kind described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the interaction circuit comprises theoaxial line having the center or inner conductive member 44 through which flows axially the electron stream and the outer-or surrounding conductivey member 45.
  • the inner member y44 is provided along its length, whichvis many operating wavelengths long, witha regularly lspaced succession of identical pairs of discrete slots 46, '47, 'the 4 two slots of each pair being rectangular and circumfere'ntia'lly disposed to be diametrically opposite. An'indicated above, successive pairs of slots are shifted around the path of electron ilow.
  • the inner member 44 is maintained at a positive D.C. potential with ⁇ respect to the electron emissive cathode 41A by means' of lead-in connections from a voltage supply source 48. Additionally, for achieving the desired electrostatic held patterns in the region of 'electron owpthe inner member is also maintained at a positive D.-C. potential with respect to the outer member 45 by lead-in connections from a'voltagesupply 'source49-
  • the interaction circuit described gives rise to spatial harmonic components of a wave propagating therealong. lt is now well known that amplication of -a traveling wave can be achieved by interaction of an electron beam and a spatial harmonic of the Wave.
  • thevvelocity of the electron flow is adjustedtopbe substantially equal to the ⁇ phase velocity of the spatial harmonic. Since spatial harinonic circuits lhave spatial harmonics with phase velocities bo-'th positive and negative, they are adaptablejfor ampliication either of forward or backward traveling iii/aves. Before continuing with the description of this amplifier, will be helpful to examinemmore4 closely the 'nature of the radio frequency potentials acting on the electron stream.
  • Fig. 4A shows the radio frequency potentials acting on an electron traveling along within thefinterior hollow 'space of the tubular center conductor 44 at a point displaced fromthe axis. It is assumed that the spacing of successive pairs vof slots 46, 47 along the line is short comparedV tothe lengthof the wave traveling along the circuit.
  • Fig. 4B is a plotof the amplitude of the radio frequency tield acting on the electron in its travel along its path of llow.
  • the amplitude of the lield' is generally low in the regions surrounded yby the 'unslotted portions of the center conductor because of the shielding effect Athereoand varies as substantially a-full cycle lof a sinewave with a wavelength d corresponding to the mean distance between adjacent discrete slots 46.
  • Athereoand varies as substantially a-full cycle lof a sinewave with a wavelength d corresponding to the mean distance between adjacent discrete slots 46.
  • "It is thiscyclical nature of the radio frequency potentials i'n the regions of stream and wave interaction that gives rise to spatial harmonics and makes this'circuit conducive to spatial harmonic operation.
  • y For interaction to occur with a backward traveling wave (i. e.
  • the wave must travel a distance equal to the diierence Org-ed) yat a velocity v in the time that an electron vtravels the-distance d Vat an average velocity u, where Ag is the wavelength of the traveling wave along the interaction circuit and d is the mean distance between alternateI pairsof slots along the path of charged particle owfas'shown in Fig. ⁇ 3. If this requirement is satised this electron will see the fproper phase of the backward 'traveling :wave -at each slot in the center conductor.
  • Thisrequirement'may be written inequation form 'as is determined by the properties of the coaxial line and typically may be of the order of .7.
  • the slot separation d can be calculated from Equation 3.
  • the length of each slot preferably is slightly less than the separation between adjacent pairs of slots for maximum interaction.
  • the optimum ratio of the outer to inner conductor diameter is dependent on a number of factors relating to the radio frequency impedance of the coaxial line desired and the voltage difference between the inner and outer conductors most suitable for focusing. Generally, however, it is most convenient to tix this optimum voltage difference experimentally for a given coaxial structure and electron beam.
  • the interaction circuit which is a feature of the invention can similarly be used for spatial harmonic amplification of a forward traveling wave.
  • condition for forward wave amplification can be written as
  • the input wave is applied to the upstream or electron source end of the interaction circuit for propagation therealong in the same direction as the electron iiow.
  • the traveling wave tube is inserted as an element in a hollow wave guide system being bridged across input and output wave guide sections of the system for forming a wave path continuation therebetween.
  • the section of wave guide 50 which in the forward mode of amplification will be the input section is apertured into two of its opposite side walls through which extends the glass envelope, the electron source end of the interaction circuit being positioned in the wave guiding path. Then any of the usual expedients (not shown here) for enhancing an energy transfer between the hollow wave guide and the coaxial line can be employed additionally.
  • the amplified wave can be abstracted from the collector end of the interaction circuit in an analogous fashion for continued travel along the section 51 of the wave guide system.
  • section 51 For amplification of a backward traveling wave, the roles of sections 50 and 51 of the wave guide system are interchanged, section 51 being used to introduce the wave to be amplified into the collector end of the interaction circuit for travel therealong in a direction opposite to that of electron iiow, and section 50 is used for abstracting the output wave.
  • the backward wave oscillator shown in Fig. 6 is in most respects similar to the amplifier shown in Fig. 5. However, in the manner characteristic of backward wave oscillators while the output oscillatory energy is abstracted at the upstream or electron source end of the interaction circuit in the manner characteristic of a backward wave amplifier, the downstream end or collector end is terminated internally to be substantially reiiectionless over the broad band of frequencies in which spurious amplication may be secured. Because of the basic similarities, it will be convenient to use the same reference numerals in the backward wave oscillator as were used in designating corresponding elements of the amplifier shown in Fig. 5.
  • the principal difference in the structural details of the amplifier 40 shown in Fig. 5 and the oscillator 60 shown in Fig. 6 is the substitution in the oscillator, for the collector end section 51 of wave guide of the amplifier, an internal reectionless termination of the interaction circuit.
  • the use of an internal termination instead of an external termination facilitates the problem of making the downstream end of the interaction circuit refrectionless over the broad band of frequencies in which some spurious gain can be achieved.
  • an annular wedge 61 of dielectric material which is coated with lossy resistive material is inserted in the interspace between the inner and outer conductors 44 and 45.
  • the wedge 61 is tapered to increase in cross section with distance in the direction of electron flow and to have a length sufficient to make a good termination over the broad band of frequencies at which amplication can be realized.
  • the downstream end of the interaction circuit can be made substantially reflectionless.
  • the upstream end of the interaction circuit is coupled to a suitable wave guiding path for transmission to the point of utilization.
  • the output wave is abstracted, in a manner similar to that described before in connection with the amplifier shown in Fig. 5, into a wave guide section 50 which is a continuation of a wave guide system.
  • the condition for interaction is that given by Equation 3.
  • the intensity of the beam current is a parameter determining the gain, for a given interaction circuit, there is a minimum current whose value can best be determined experimentally below which the backward wave gain is insufficient to sustain oscillations.
  • the intensity of the beam current is a parameter determining the gain, for a given interaction circuit, there is a minimum current whose value can best be determined experimentally below which the backward wave gain is insufficient to sustain oscillations.
  • the frequency of oscillations can be controlled by the.velocity of the electron beam, and, accordingly, by the accelerating potential acting on the beam.
  • the beam accelerating potential in accordance with signal intelligence, there can be modulated correspondingly the frequency of the oscillations.
  • a source of modulating signals controlled by the signal intelligence.
  • switch 62 which permits the insertion of such a source 63 of modulating voltage.
  • an electron sourceand target defining therebetween a path of electron ow, a two conductor coaxial transmission line disposed along the path of fiow having a hollow inner member ofl a first diameter disposed around the path of flow and a hollow outer member of a larger'diamcter disposed 'around vthe inner member, and characterized in that the hollow inner member includes a plurality of discrete slots axially 'and symmetrically disposed at periodic intervals along its length for the penetration therethrough of electric fields of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the two conductor transmission line for interaction with the electron flow, the axially disposed slots at adjacent intervals being shifted ⁇ circumferentially with respect to each other.
  • an interaction circuit for the traveling wave comprising rst and second hollow conductive members, and means for projecting said stream of charged particles through the region enclosed by said first member, the first member being coaxially disposed within the second member and characterized by a succession of pairs of slots spaced along said first member in a longitudinal direction, the two slots o-t each pair being substantially diametrically opposite and successive pairs being shifted substantially 90.
  • an interaction circuit for the traveling wave comprising a coaxial transmission line having hollow inner and outer members, and means for projecting saidelectron stream through the region enclosed by the inner member, said inner member being grooved in a succession of longitudinally spaced pairs of slots, the two slots of each pair being diametrically disposed around 'the axis and successive pairs of slots being shifted circumferentially about the axis substantially 90.
  • An ⁇ electron beam system comprising a source of electrons and a target for defining therebetween a ,path
  • first and second conductive members the first member being longitudinally disposed around the path, the second member'being longitudinally'disposed around'the first member, the first member havingspaced intermittently along its vlength a succession of pairs of slots, the two slots of each pair being in diametrically opposite sides ofthe path of electron How, successive pairs of slots being shifted'circumferentially with respect to the path of electron flow, and means for applying a D.C. potential difference between the first and second members.
  • an interaction circuit for the traveling wave comprising a coaxialtransmission line havinghollow inner and outer members, and means for projecting said electron stream 'through the region within the hollow interior of the inner member, saidinner member being grooved to provide a succession of longitudinally spaced pairs of slots, each slot having a length slightly less than mean separation between adjacent slots, the two slots of 'each pairbeing diametrically disposed around the axis, and successive pairs of slots'being shifted circumferentially about the axis.
  • an interaction circuit for the traveling-wave comprising a coaxial transmissionline having hollow inner and outer members and characteristic in thatthe inner member is grooved to provide arisuccession oflongitudinally spaced pairs of slots fo'rfthe penetration of the 'electric'field of the wave into the region enclosed vbythe inner member, the two slots of each pair being diametrically disposed around ⁇ themaxis and successive pairsvof slots being shifted circumferentially about the axis substantially 90, means for applying an input wave to be ⁇ amplified to one end of said interaction circuit, means for abstracting the output wave at the opposite end of said interaction circuit, and means for projecting the ⁇ electron stream through the region enclosed by said ⁇ inner member for interaction with the penetrating electric iieldof the traveling wave.
  • an interaction circuit for the traveling wave comprising a coaxial transmission line having hollow inner and outer members and characterized in that ⁇ theinner member is grooved to provide a succession of .longitudinally spaced .pairs of slots, the two slots ⁇ of each pair being diametrically disposed around vtheYaxis-and successive pairs of slots being shifted circumferentially about the axis substantially 90, an electron source Vfor gprojecting the electron stream through the region enclosed by said inner member, means for abstracting oscillatory energy from the electron source end of the interaction circuit, Vand means for terminating the opposite end of the 4interaction circuit to be substantially reflectionless.
  • an interaction circuit for the traveling wave comprising a coaxial transmission line having hollow inner and outer members, andmeans for projecting said electron stream ⁇ through a region vwithin the hollow interior of the innermember, said'inn'er member beingjgrooved to provide a succession Lof 'longitudinally spaced lpairs of slots, the two slots of ⁇ eachpair being diametrically disposed around the axis and 'successive pairs 'of slots ⁇ being 'shifted circumferentially about the axissubstantially 90, vmeans for 'abstracting oscillatory'ene'rgyfrom the end of the line adjacent the electron sourceand means for terminating the end of the'line adjacent'thetarget in its characteristic impedance.
  • a two'conductor coaxial transmission linei having a hollow inner 'member of afirst diameter'and a hollow outer member of a larger diameter'disposed around the inner member, 'the hollowinner member being apertured in discrete slots for' the 'penetration of the electric'iield'of waves traveling 'alongthe'transmission line into the hollow region enclosed by said inner member, said Yslots being axially and symmetrically disposed at periodic intervals-along the 'length of' the inner member and the slots at adjacent intervals being shifted circumferentially with respect 'to each other, means 4for maintaininga D.C.
  • an interaction circuit for the traveling wave comprising a coaxial transmission line having hollow inner and outer members, and means for projecting said stream of charged particles through the region enclosed by the inner member, said inner member being perforated to provide a succession of longitudinally spaced pairs of slots, the tWo slots of each pair being symmetrically disposed around the periphery of said inner member and each of said slots subtending an angle of 90, and successive pairs of slots being shifted circumferentially around the axis substantially 90.
  • a wave retardation circuit comprising a two conductor coaxial transmission line having a hollow inner member of a rst diameter surrounded by a hollow outer member of a larger diameter for propagating an electromagnetic wave, said inner member being longitudinally disposed within the outer member and including a plurality of pairs of discrete slots along its length, the two slots of each pair being substantially diametrically opposite one another and adjacent pairs being substantially in quadrature.
  • a device which utilizes the interaction between a traveling wave and a stream of charged particle, comprising a hollow outer member and a hollow member longitudinally disposed within said outer member forming an interaction circuit for propagating an electromagnetic wave, at least one of said members being characterized by a plurality of longitudinally spaced pairs of slots, the two slots of a given pair being substantially diametrically opposite and each pair of slots displaced circumferentially with respect to the preceding pair, and means for projecting a stream of charged particles in coupling proximity to the slotted member.
  • waveguiding means for propagating an electromagnetic wave comprising a hollow inner member having predetermined transverse dimensions and a hollow outer member of larger transverse dimensions disposed around said inner member, characterized in that the hollow inner member includes a plurality of discrete slots axially and symmetrically disposed at periodic intervals along its length, means for maintaining a D.C.
  • a two conductor coaxial transmission line disposed along the path of ow having a hollow inner member of predetermined transverse dimensions disposed around the path of flow and a hollow outer member of larger transverse dimensions disposed around the hollow inner member and characterized in that the hollow inner member includes a succession of pairs of slots disposed at periodic intervals along its length for the penetration therethrough of the electric iields of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the coaxial conductor line, the two slots of each pair being substantially diametrically opposite each other, means for applying an input wave to be amplified to one end of said coaxial transmission line and means for abstracting an output wave from the opposite end of said coaxial transmission line.
  • a two conductor coaxial transmission line having a hollow inner member of a lirst diameter and a hollow outer member of a larger diameter disposed around the inner member, the hollow inner member characterized by a succession of pairs of slots disposed at periodic intervals along its length, the two slots of each pair being substantially diametrically opposite each other and successive pairs of slots being shifted circumferentially with respect to each other, means for maintaining a D.-C.

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US346620A 1953-04-03 1953-04-03 Traveling wave tube Expired - Lifetime US2844753A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE527820D BE527820A (fr) 1953-04-03
NLAANVRAGE8204329,A NL186440B (nl) 1953-04-03 Gelamineerde, door warmte krimpbare, verpakkingsfoelie.
US346620A US2844753A (en) 1953-04-03 1953-04-03 Traveling wave tube
FR1091096D FR1091096A (fr) 1953-04-03 1953-11-25 Tube à onde progressive
DEW13228A DE1019389B (de) 1953-04-03 1954-02-11 Wanderfeldroehre, bei welcher der Wechselwirkungskreis aus einer koaxialen Leitung besteht
GB8910/54A GB754383A (en) 1953-04-03 1954-03-26 Improvements in or relating to travelling wave tubes

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US346620A US2844753A (en) 1953-04-03 1953-04-03 Traveling wave tube

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US2844753A true US2844753A (en) 1958-07-22

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BE (1) BE527820A (fr)
DE (1) DE1019389B (fr)
FR (1) FR1091096A (fr)
GB (1) GB754383A (fr)
NL (1) NL186440B (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2897393A (en) * 1957-09-17 1959-07-28 Sylvania Electric Prod Strophotron
US2903619A (en) * 1957-08-28 1959-09-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Microwave tube
US2904720A (en) * 1952-11-22 1959-09-15 Bell John Stewart Ion accelerator
US2919374A (en) * 1955-07-05 1959-12-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Improved traveling wave tube amplifier
US2945981A (en) * 1955-06-13 1960-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetron-type traveling wave tube
US2953750A (en) * 1956-09-04 1960-09-20 Nicholas C Christofilos Magnetic cable
US2997615A (en) * 1959-04-10 1961-08-22 Zenith Radio Corp Brillouin flow gun
US3065373A (en) * 1955-11-29 1962-11-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency apparatus of the traveling wave type
US3094643A (en) * 1959-10-01 1963-06-18 Zenith Radio Corp Frequency multiplier and wave signal generator
US3176181A (en) * 1959-11-25 1965-03-30 Philips Corp Apertured coaxial tube quadripole lens
US3231825A (en) * 1960-11-14 1966-01-25 Hughes Aircraft Co D.c. pumped cyclotron wave parametric amplifier
US3252104A (en) * 1959-11-23 1966-05-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc D.c. quadrupole structure for parametric amplifier
US3265978A (en) * 1959-08-17 1966-08-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp D. c. pumped quadrupole parametric amplifier

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2122538A (en) * 1935-01-22 1938-07-05 American Telephone & Telegraph Wave amplifier
US2578434A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-12-11 Rca Corp High-frequency electron discharge device of the traveling wave type
US2654047A (en) * 1948-01-20 1953-09-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Beam traveling wave amplifier tube
US2725499A (en) * 1949-06-21 1955-11-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifying device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1004458A (fr) * 1947-04-25 1952-03-31 Guidage électrostatique de faisceaux électroniques suivant une direction donnée

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2122538A (en) * 1935-01-22 1938-07-05 American Telephone & Telegraph Wave amplifier
US2578434A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-12-11 Rca Corp High-frequency electron discharge device of the traveling wave type
US2654047A (en) * 1948-01-20 1953-09-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Beam traveling wave amplifier tube
US2725499A (en) * 1949-06-21 1955-11-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifying device

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904720A (en) * 1952-11-22 1959-09-15 Bell John Stewart Ion accelerator
US2945981A (en) * 1955-06-13 1960-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetron-type traveling wave tube
US2919374A (en) * 1955-07-05 1959-12-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Improved traveling wave tube amplifier
US3065373A (en) * 1955-11-29 1962-11-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency apparatus of the traveling wave type
US2953750A (en) * 1956-09-04 1960-09-20 Nicholas C Christofilos Magnetic cable
US2903619A (en) * 1957-08-28 1959-09-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Microwave tube
US2897393A (en) * 1957-09-17 1959-07-28 Sylvania Electric Prod Strophotron
US2997615A (en) * 1959-04-10 1961-08-22 Zenith Radio Corp Brillouin flow gun
US3265978A (en) * 1959-08-17 1966-08-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp D. c. pumped quadrupole parametric amplifier
US3094643A (en) * 1959-10-01 1963-06-18 Zenith Radio Corp Frequency multiplier and wave signal generator
US3252104A (en) * 1959-11-23 1966-05-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc D.c. quadrupole structure for parametric amplifier
US3176181A (en) * 1959-11-25 1965-03-30 Philips Corp Apertured coaxial tube quadripole lens
US3231825A (en) * 1960-11-14 1966-01-25 Hughes Aircraft Co D.c. pumped cyclotron wave parametric amplifier

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FR1091096A (fr) 1955-04-06
DE1019389B (de) 1957-11-14
NL186440B (nl)
GB754383A (en) 1956-08-08
BE527820A (fr)

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