US2842710A - Device and cathode-ray tubes for stabilising high voltages - Google Patents

Device and cathode-ray tubes for stabilising high voltages Download PDF

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Publication number
US2842710A
US2842710A US474174A US47417454A US2842710A US 2842710 A US2842710 A US 2842710A US 474174 A US474174 A US 474174A US 47417454 A US47417454 A US 47417454A US 2842710 A US2842710 A US 2842710A
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United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
electrons
ray
pole
pieces
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Expired - Lifetime
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US474174A
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English (en)
Inventor
Meer Simon Van Der
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/52—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using discharge tubes in series with the load as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/02—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused
    • H01J31/04—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused with only one or two output electrodes with only two electrically independant groups or electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/02—Details
    • H01J37/24—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
    • H01J37/241—High voltage power supply or regulation circuits

Definitions

  • VAN DER MEER A DEVICE AND CATHODE-RAY TUBES FOR STABILISING HIGH VOLTAGES Filed Dec. 9, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I'l I l INVENTOR SIMON VAN DER MEER AGENT y 1958 s. VAN DER MEER 2,842,710
  • the voltage may be readjusted automatically, for example, with the use of a device as described in Physical Review, vol. 70, pages 8844585, in which deviations of the beam' from its normal position result in variations in the current distribution over a pair of collector plates.
  • Said current variations after being amplified, serve to control the high voltage.
  • a satisfactory stabilisation which aifords material ad vantages in regard to sensitivity'and structure may be obtained .byproviding a device for stabilising high voltages comprising a cathode-ray tube inwhich a ray of electrons is deflected in a constant magnetic field comprising regions of great field strength and adjoining regions of smaller field strength.
  • the curvature of the'pa'th of electrons is dependent upon the voltage to be stabilised, which ray of electrons partly strikes a. collector electrode if the voltage to be stabilized has the correctvalue, the
  • the beam extends at least through part' of its path in the vicinity of, and substantially in .parallel with, the transition zone between a region of'great field strength and a region of smaller field strength, whereby'the part of the ray of electrons striking the collector varies and strength if the voltage to be stabilised increases to an polepieces in the form of semi-circular discs.
  • Fig. 3 shows a curve
  • Figs. -4 and 5 show details of another embodiment and Fig. 6 shows a curve corresponding to the embodiment of Figs. '4 and 5."
  • the tube contains an electron gun 5 whichhouses a cathode 6, the "construction being such that the voltage to be stabilised, which is from 30 to 5.0 kilovoltsand upwards, may be connected directly between the cathode 6 and ananode 7.
  • the velocity of the electrons leaving the gun in the form of a thin ray is thus directly dependent upon the voltage .to be stabilised;
  • the ray of .electrons extends through an--aperture of anode .7 to enter-tangentially between magnet poles 8 and '9.
  • the poles .8 and 9 are secured to ironplates 1-0 .andll .(Fig. 2) between which a permanentmagnet l2,'whose polarity is indicated by letters N, andS representing the north and south poles, is clamped in' position, nected to theanode-Tby'rneansof asupporting plate.
  • the rayof electrons. between the poles Sand 9 describes a curved path which, accordingtojhe invention; extends just along the outer edges of themagnet poles wherethe gradient of the field strength is high, if the voltage to be stabilised has the'desired'value'v After leaving thespace between thepolepiecea the ray partly strikes the edge of acollect'o'r electrode 151; impinge inypart via the said edge upon a screen 14 which is connected to anode 7 and which prevents the glass of the bulb. '1 from being .struck .byelectrons. If the voltagev to. be stabilised slightly .increasesg'the radius of the pathof electrons'rincreases, which increase is enhancedjdue to the electrons reaching'aregion of smaller field strength;
  • the plates 10 and 11 are con-' viz. outside the edges of the pole-pieces. Since the edge of the collector electrode 13 is exactly opposite the edges of pole-pieces 8 and 9, a larger proportion of the ray of electrons thus extends along the said electrode.
  • Fig. 3 in which the voltage difference across a resistor R, by which the collector electrode 13 is connected to the positive terminal (earth), is plotted vertically and the votage V set up between cathode 6 and anode 7 of the electron gun is plotted horizontally.
  • the width of the apex of the curve is dependent upon the width of the electrode 13, the mutual conductance of the flanks of the curve being dependent upon the diameter of the ray of electrons and the rate at which X increases with the voltage V Owing to the particular arrangement according to the invention, it is ensured that the declined flank is extremely steep due to the ray upon leaving the collector electrode at the same time entering a range of smaller field strength and the increase of X thus becoming greater. Consequently, a great variation of V occurs upon small variation of V in this region.
  • V may be derived with the use of a potentiometer, from a voltage stabilised by a neon discharge tube.
  • the magnet poles have a base of 2 cm. and a spacing of 0.75 mm.
  • the field strength between the poles is 800 gausses and is produced by a permanent magnet 12.
  • the voltage V is thus 15 volts at the utmost and about 7.5 volts at point P.
  • the reference voltage V thus must also be about 7.5 volts.
  • the voltage V is then stabilised at about 56 kilovolts, with an accuracy up to 0.05% for a long period,
  • the voltage of 56 kilovolts may thus be maintained constant at :28 volts for a long period and even at $2.8 volts during a given measurement.
  • a voltage in this case exhibit grooves or saw cuts 20, 21, such that adjoining regions of great and small field strength occur, between which the field strength has a high gradient, since the field strength between the opposing slots is smaller than between the other parts of the pole-pieces.
  • the pole-pieces and 16 are secured to iron plates 17, 18 between which a permanent magnet 19 is clamped in position.
  • the slots 20 and 21 have shapes such that the ray of electrons can extend just along the edges thereof. If the voltage of the electron gun 22 increases, the voltage set up across resistor R exhibits the curve shown in Fig. 6, stabilisation according to the invention then being ob-. tained at voltages V V V It is possible always to utilise the same reference voltage V but it is alter-. natively possible to use a different value of V for each stabilised voltage V The points P, P P" may then be provided at the centre on the strongly declined branch of 1' the curve.
  • the collector electrodes 23, 24, 25 may be formed as a slotted plate. However, one edge of a plate or a slot is required to coincide with the corresponding edge of the pole-pieces or the slots therein, as viewed in the direction of the paths of the electrons.
  • the grooves constitute parts of half circles of different diameters and with the point of the base where the ray of electrons enters between the pole-pieces, as the common tangent point.
  • strips of non-magnetic material 26, 27, respectively, for example of copper must be clamped in the slots of the pole-pieces, in order that the paths of electrons remain spaced in the various stable positions, since otherwise the curves shown in Fig. 6 may form a continuous line to a certain extent.
  • the slots each may have a depth of 1.5 mm. and a width of 1 mm., whilst the spacing between the pole-pieces may be 0.75 mm. as in the first-mentioned embodiment.
  • a larger number of slots may be provided in the magnet poles and the collector electrodes may be connected to separate resistors. It is even possible for the collector electrodes to be arranged in such manner that, if the voltage to be stabilised increases, the current of the said electrodes increases, so that the points P come to lie on a strongly inclined branch of the curves shown in Figs. 3 and 6.
  • An electron tube comprising means producing a beam of electrons including means for changing the velocity of the electrons in said beam by applying a voltage thereto, means establishing a magnetic field relative to the direction of said beam to thereby cause said beam of electrons having a given velocity to follow a predetermined curved path, said magnetic field-establishing means comprising a pair of spaced pole-pieces between which the field is established, said pole-pieces having opposed curved discontinuities extending parallel to said curved path and producing adjacent regions of high and low magnetic field intensity, and a collector electrode located in said curved path to intercept at least some of said electrons in said beam and in such position that a change in the curvature of said curved path followed by the beam will be manifested by a change in the quantity of electrons intercepted by said collector, whereby a change in the voltage applied to the velocity-changing means causes the beam to be subject to the adjacent magnetic field of different intensity thereby producing a substantial change in collector current in response to a relatively minor change in applied voltage.
  • a device adapted for stabilizing high yoltages com prising means producing a beam of electrons whose velocity is dependent upon the voltage to' be stabilized, means producing a magnetic field in the path of said beam and substantially at right angles thereto thereby causing said beam to follow a curved path whose curvuture is dependent upon the velocity of the electrons in the beam, a collector electrode located at the end of the curved path to intercept at least a part of said beam, said field-producing means comprising a pair of spaced, semi-- circular pole-pieces'between which the field is established and located in such manner relative to the beam that the latter enters at one end and is curved by the magnetic field to follow a path lying between the pole-pieces but adjacent the curved outer edge thereof, said collector being located at the'other end of the pole-pieces and being aligned with the curved outer edge thereof, and means coupled to the collector for deriving therefrom an elcctrical signal dependent upon the extent of electron collection by said collector, whereby an increase

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
US474174A 1954-01-22 1954-12-09 Device and cathode-ray tubes for stabilising high voltages Expired - Lifetime US2842710A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL327097X 1954-01-22

Publications (1)

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US2842710A true US2842710A (en) 1958-07-08

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US (1) US2842710A (forum.php)
CH (1) CH327097A (forum.php)
DE (1) DE960023C (forum.php)
FR (1) FR1131444A (forum.php)
GB (1) GB801038A (forum.php)
NL (1) NL87139C (forum.php)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2947896A (en) * 1959-02-09 1960-08-02 Gen Electric Electrostatic deflection and focusing system

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2161466A (en) * 1935-05-20 1939-06-06 Allegemeine Elek Citatz Ges Electron optics
US2213076A (en) * 1936-07-10 1940-08-27 Firm Fernseh A G Electron multiplier
US2383758A (en) * 1943-09-23 1945-08-28 Electronbeam Ltd Electronic translating device
US2442848A (en) * 1942-03-09 1948-06-08 Farnsworth Res Corp Electron control tube
US2453647A (en) * 1940-08-15 1948-11-09 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electric discharge tube with deflection control
US2563197A (en) * 1946-09-19 1951-08-07 Rca Corp Tube with electron velocity compensation
US2615128A (en) * 1949-10-21 1952-10-21 Ruderfer Martin Electronic tube

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2161466A (en) * 1935-05-20 1939-06-06 Allegemeine Elek Citatz Ges Electron optics
US2213076A (en) * 1936-07-10 1940-08-27 Firm Fernseh A G Electron multiplier
US2453647A (en) * 1940-08-15 1948-11-09 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electric discharge tube with deflection control
US2442848A (en) * 1942-03-09 1948-06-08 Farnsworth Res Corp Electron control tube
US2383758A (en) * 1943-09-23 1945-08-28 Electronbeam Ltd Electronic translating device
US2563197A (en) * 1946-09-19 1951-08-07 Rca Corp Tube with electron velocity compensation
US2615128A (en) * 1949-10-21 1952-10-21 Ruderfer Martin Electronic tube

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2947896A (en) * 1959-02-09 1960-08-02 Gen Electric Electrostatic deflection and focusing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH327097A (de) 1958-01-15
NL87139C (forum.php)
DE960023C (de) 1957-03-14
GB801038A (en) 1958-09-03
FR1131444A (fr) 1957-02-21

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