US2838918A - Process for the partial liquefaction of gas mixture by means of pressure and intense cooling - Google Patents

Process for the partial liquefaction of gas mixture by means of pressure and intense cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
US2838918A
US2838918A US446098A US44609854A US2838918A US 2838918 A US2838918 A US 2838918A US 446098 A US446098 A US 446098A US 44609854 A US44609854 A US 44609854A US 2838918 A US2838918 A US 2838918A
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Prior art keywords
pressure
gas
cold
gas mixture
mixture
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Expired - Lifetime
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US446098A
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English (en)
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Becker Rudolf
Hartmann Wilhelm
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Linde GmbH
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Gesellschaft fuer Lindes Eismaschinen AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04975—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the air fractionation unit, e.g. transportable devices by truck or small scale use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus, for thepartial liquefaction of gas mixtures by means of pressure and intense cooling with concentration a circuit is usually employed in which a part of the highpressure gas is expanded to mediumpressure and returned into the circuit with utilisation of the cold thus produced, which is transferred to high-pressure gas to be It is an object of the.
  • present invention to provide a process for the partial liquefaction of gas mixtures by means of pressure and intense cooling, with concentration of the less readily-boiling components of said mixtures, and in which the work-performing expansion of compressed gases is utilized to generate cold, comprising the steps of compressing a gas mixture to a relatively low pressure of a few atmospheres, cooling the compressed mixture in a first, reversible heat-exchange zone, re-heating a minor part of the cooled, compressed mixture in heat-exchange with said mixture to approximately the temperature of the latter, partially liquefying said minor part by cooling the same in heat-exchange with the remainder of the cold, compressed gas mixture, in a second heat-exchange zone and by throttling, expanding said remainder in a work-performing manner after said second heat-exchange zone, combining the resulting expanded gases with the non-liquefied portion of said minor part, and leading the resulting cold, expanded mixture through said first reversible heat-exchange zone to provide a source of cold for the latter.
  • the invention has for one of its objects the liquefaction of gases with a minimum expenditure of power and using gases of substantially lower pressure, that is to say, either gases brought to a uniform medium pressure of 6 to 40 atmospheres gauge or substantially low-pressure gas and a relatively small quantity of high pressure gas.
  • a main gas quantity compressed to a low-pressure of about atmospheres gauge is pre-cooled with non-liquefied residual gas or a part of the gas freed from carbon dioxide and other impurities by condensation, and guided in tubes within the regenerators, and the main part of this gas, after intermediate heating in exchange with gas to be liquefied, is expanded so as to perform work and led out of the liquefier through one of the regenerators, together with residual gases.
  • the fraction of this gas which is re-heated in the regenerators is thereafter compressed, cooled, then expanded so as to perform work, and cooled in exchange with gas at a low temperature and pressure directly before the work-performing expansion of the latter and, at the same time, liquefied and expanded. After separation of the liquid from the fraction which has remained gaseous, the residual gas is discharged in heat exchange with crude gas, together with the partial quantity subjected to work-performing expansion.
  • Figure 1 is a flow sheet indicating one constructional form of an apparatus for the partial liquefaction of gas mixtures
  • Figure 2 illustrates a modification of the constructional form of Figure 1.
  • the air is first compressed to about 5 atmospheres in a low-pressure compressor 18 and the air fraction to be liquefied, which is freed from impurities in a regenerator 2 and re-heated in tube exchangers 8 and 9, is then compressed to about 200 atmospheres in a high-pressure compressor 7, and, after pre-cooling in a cooler 10, for example the evaporator of a refrigerating machine (not shown), expanded while performing .work in an expansion engine 6 to a pressure which is sufficient for liquefaction in exchange with colder gas in a liquefier 4.
  • This air-fraction is separated into a liquid phase having a high oxygen content and a gas phase as described above. The liquid is fed to.
  • the cold required for this purpose is provided substantially by the expansion of the main part of the air in the expansion turbine 5.
  • the cold supplied by this turbine 5 is, for this purpose, previously transmitted to the regenerator 3 to be blown cold, and is stored therein.
  • the regenerators 2, 3 have been changed over, the stored cold is transferred to fresh gas, which is thus cooled almost to the condensation point and liquefies by indirect cold transfer the more highly compressed portion of the air in liquefier 4.
  • a two-stage turbine 5a Sbmay be employed in the apparatus of Figure 1 .(see Figure 2).
  • the gas expanded in the first stage 511 is fed to the second stage 5b only after intermediate heating in the exchanger or liquefier 4, and the gas expanded in the latter stage is discharged through the regenerator 3.
  • the cold output of this arrangement is, as known,
  • a process for the partial liquefaction of gas mixtures by means of pressure and intense cooling, with concentration of the less readily-boiling components of said mixtures, and in which the work-performing expansion of compressed gases is utilized to generate cold comprising the steps of compressing a gas mixture to a rela- Patented June 17, 1958 -tively low pressure of a few atmospheres, cooling the compressed mixture in a first, reversible heat-exchange zone, re-heating a minor part of the cooled, compressed mixture in heat-exchange with said mixture to approximately-the temperature of the latter, compressing said minor part to high pressures of approximately 200 at- -mospheres, cooling the highly compressed gas mixture,
  • a process-according to" claim 1 comprising the further step of cooling thehighly compressed gas mixture by means of a separate source of cold before expanding the said gas mixture in a work-performing charge in-said one period -a cold, expanded gas mixture,
  • Apparatus according. to claim 3 further comprising a heat-exchanger connected between said second compressor and said second expansion means and adapted to cool the highly compressed gas mixture leaving said second compressor by means of a source of separate sources of cold.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
US446098A 1953-08-12 1954-07-27 Process for the partial liquefaction of gas mixture by means of pressure and intense cooling Expired - Lifetime US2838918A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE760281X 1953-08-12

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US2838918A true US2838918A (en) 1958-06-17

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US446098A Expired - Lifetime US2838918A (en) 1953-08-12 1954-07-27 Process for the partial liquefaction of gas mixture by means of pressure and intense cooling

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2838918A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE558904A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1105829A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB760281A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3130026A (en) * 1959-09-30 1964-04-21 Linde Eismasch Ag Method and apparatus for the separation of carbon dioxide from compressed gases
US3180101A (en) * 1959-07-20 1965-04-27 Linde Eismasch Ag Process and apparatus for the production of cold through work-yielding release of pressure
US3327488A (en) * 1964-04-17 1967-06-27 Air Prod & Chem Refrigeration system for gas liquefaction
US4414007A (en) * 1981-08-31 1983-11-08 United States Steel Corporation Process for separation of gas mixture

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2553550A (en) * 1946-06-06 1951-05-22 Little Inc A Control for oxygen producing apparatus
US2579498A (en) * 1946-12-21 1951-12-25 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Process for producing oxygen
US2617275A (en) * 1948-01-06 1952-11-11 Kellogg M W Co Separation of gaseous mixtures
US2619810A (en) * 1949-05-20 1952-12-02 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Low-pressure process of and apparatus for separating gas mixtures
DE884203C (de) * 1943-07-29 1953-07-23 Linde S Eismaschinen Akt Ges G Anordnung zur Gaszerlegung
DE894248C (de) * 1951-04-08 1953-10-22 Linde Eismasch Ag Verfahren zur Zerlegung von Luft durch Verfluessigung und Rektifikation
US2699047A (en) * 1950-10-27 1955-01-11 Linde Eismasch Ag Process for cooling and purifying compressed gas mixtures
US2709348A (en) * 1949-05-20 1955-05-31 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Process of and apparatus for separating gas mixtures
US2712738A (en) * 1952-01-10 1955-07-12 Linde S Eismaschinen Ag Method for fractionating air by liquefaction and rectification

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE884203C (de) * 1943-07-29 1953-07-23 Linde S Eismaschinen Akt Ges G Anordnung zur Gaszerlegung
US2553550A (en) * 1946-06-06 1951-05-22 Little Inc A Control for oxygen producing apparatus
US2579498A (en) * 1946-12-21 1951-12-25 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Process for producing oxygen
US2617275A (en) * 1948-01-06 1952-11-11 Kellogg M W Co Separation of gaseous mixtures
US2619810A (en) * 1949-05-20 1952-12-02 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Low-pressure process of and apparatus for separating gas mixtures
US2709348A (en) * 1949-05-20 1955-05-31 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Process of and apparatus for separating gas mixtures
US2699047A (en) * 1950-10-27 1955-01-11 Linde Eismasch Ag Process for cooling and purifying compressed gas mixtures
DE894248C (de) * 1951-04-08 1953-10-22 Linde Eismasch Ag Verfahren zur Zerlegung von Luft durch Verfluessigung und Rektifikation
US2712738A (en) * 1952-01-10 1955-07-12 Linde S Eismaschinen Ag Method for fractionating air by liquefaction and rectification

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3180101A (en) * 1959-07-20 1965-04-27 Linde Eismasch Ag Process and apparatus for the production of cold through work-yielding release of pressure
US3130026A (en) * 1959-09-30 1964-04-21 Linde Eismasch Ag Method and apparatus for the separation of carbon dioxide from compressed gases
US3327488A (en) * 1964-04-17 1967-06-27 Air Prod & Chem Refrigeration system for gas liquefaction
US4414007A (en) * 1981-08-31 1983-11-08 United States Steel Corporation Process for separation of gas mixture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE558904A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB760281A (en) 1956-10-31
FR1105829A (fr) 1955-12-08

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