US2837809A - Process of producing fabric containing kinky woolen pile - Google Patents

Process of producing fabric containing kinky woolen pile Download PDF

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Publication number
US2837809A
US2837809A US519971A US51997155A US2837809A US 2837809 A US2837809 A US 2837809A US 519971 A US519971 A US 519971A US 51997155 A US51997155 A US 51997155A US 2837809 A US2837809 A US 2837809A
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yarn
pile
kinky
woolen
fabric
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US519971A
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Ferdinand H Muller
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Specialties Development Corp
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Specialties Development Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof
    • D06M11/05—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof with water, e.g. steam; with heavy water
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pile fabric and, more particularly, to an improved fabric containing kinky woolen pile and a process of producing the same.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a process of the foregoing character which is simple and economical.
  • Another object is to provide such a process which is applicable to a wide variety of fabrics.
  • Another object is to provide such a process wherein the pile can be made by weaving, tufting or knitting.
  • Another object is to provide such a process wherein the yarn is in a condition as the pile is made therefrom which does not interfere with the weaving, tufting or knitting operations.
  • a further object is to provide such a process which does not require highly specialized twisting of the yarn, complicated apparatus or large quantities of chemicals and the like.
  • a still further object is to provide a fabric produced by the foregoing process which has a pleasing and attractive appearance and is durable, even if subjected to rough usage.
  • the fabric produced by such process contains woolen pile composed of twisted ply yarn which is kinky and resilient.
  • the single ligure is a ow sheet illustrating the steps in the process.
  • the present process can be practiced in connection with a wide variety of woolen ply yarns composed of from two to seven twisted plies, although more commonly such yarns are composed of two or three plies.
  • the amount of twist in the yarn usually is varied with the size of the yarn but is within the range of so called hard twisted yarns which are produced by conventional twisters.
  • two ply woolen yarns, 'from 40 to 100 yards to the ounce may be composed of plies each having a Z-twist of between about two and about tive turns to the inchand plied up with an S-twist of between about four and about twelve turns to the inch.
  • the plies may have an S-twist and be plied up with an S-twist or a Z-twist, and that the plies may have a Z-twist and be plied up with a Z-twist.
  • the foregoing twist is set in the plied yarn in any suitable conventional manner.
  • Wetting of the yarn may be accomplished in any suitable manner for example by immersing hanks, cakes, cheeses or packages of yarn in an aqueous bath or steaming the same, or by continuously passing one or more lengths of the yarn through the bath or an atmosphere of steam.
  • the bath may have any desired temperature between the freezing point and the boiling point of water, but best results are obtained in thoroughly wetting the yarn by maintaining the temperature of the bath between about F. and just below its boiling point.
  • the bath may contain any suitable wetting agent which will not degrade the woolen yarn. Under cer-v tain conditions of processing, the wetting agent may be a water soluble fatty acid soap or may be any detergent of the type usually employed in scouring wool.
  • the yarn is stretched while wet by passing strands thereof about the rolls or like elements of any conventional yarn stretching apparatus, and is elongated and so put under a tension equalling Ibetween about 25 of its wet breaking strength and almost its wet 4breaking strength. greatest ultimately produce the most pronounced kinky effect in the pile contained in the fabric.
  • the yarn is then wound on bobbins, cones, spools, tubes or the like in its wet, stretched condition by conventional winding apparatus to provide yarn packages of any desired size.
  • the Wound yarn is next dried to set the stretch therein by placing the yarn packages in an atmosphere of dry hot air or superheated steam for a sucient duration to remove practically the entire moisture content of the yarn.
  • the bobbins or the like may be of the perforated type such as used in yarn dyeing to facilitate the circulation of drying medium through the wound layers of yarn.
  • the yarn is now ready to be made into the pile contained in the fabric and this can be accomplished in any known manner, for example, -by knitting, tufting or weaving operations.
  • the yarn in being made into the pile runs smoothly through the machine employed and does not exhibit any tendency to curl, shrink or otherwise become distorted in a manner to interfere with the machine elements handling the yarn during such operations.
  • the tensile strength of the yarn is increased up to 50%, and loose yarn fibers are laid down making the yarn surface smoother, whereby the yarn handles better and is less likely to :break in being made into the pile.
  • the pile yarn in the fabric is then moistened with water or wet steam in any suitable manner, or such moistening may be effected in the washing of the fabric or other treatment thereof involving the use of liquids.
  • moistening relaxes the stretch in the pile yarn and causes the pile yarn to assume its original length and be rendered kinky.
  • the pile yarn is then Idried or is permitted to dry whereby the natural resiliency of the yarn is restored.
  • the fabric produced by the process of the present invention is primarily adapted for use as oor covering although it is obvious that fabrics suitable for other uses may be produced by such process.
  • the present process is adapted for producing fabric wherein the entire pile is kinky, or fabric of the two tone type wherein only a portion of the pile is kinky and the remainder of the pile is composed of yarn which has not been treated to render the same kinky. Apparatus for producing Patented June 10, 19758 It has been found that the yarns stretched theV such two tone fabrics is well 'known in the art.
  • the processed yarn can 'be used 'for Axminster, velvet or tufted rugs and the like.
  • the ⁇ Wetyarn was stretched at a tension equalling about 50% of its wet breaking strength and was wound on 'boblbins while wet and so ⁇ stretched. 'The 'bobbins were placed in a chamber and subjected to an atmosphere of hot air at about 212 F. yfor about six hours to dry the layers of yarn onthe ibobbin throughout.
  • the so processed lyarn was Vwoven into rug fabric in the customary manner as the ypile thereof, and the pile of the Vfabric was moistened with vwet steam.
  • the woolen pile yarn returned to about its original length and was rendered kinky, whereby ya. very close pile fabric of pleasing and attractive appearance was produced.
  • the present invention provides a simple, ⁇ practical and economical process for producing fabrics containing -an attractive kinky or crimped pile. Such pile is durable and ean'with'stand Vrough usage.
  • Aprocess .comprises xrst wetting plied wnalenc 'n having a .weightrof .one ounce ⁇ for from 40 to 100 ya sfthereof composed of from two to Yseyenplies each having a Z-twist of between about two and about five turns to the inch and plied up with an S-twist of between about four and about twelve turns -to :the inch by passing the yarn through .anaqueous bath heated to about 200 F.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Description

June 10, 1958 .F. H. MULLER 2,837,809
PROCESS oF PRoDucING FABRIC coNTAINING KINKY wooLEN PILE Filed July 5, 1955 WOOLENPLY XIRN COMPOSED OFTWISTEZPL Y6 (TwusT SET THERETN) 37mm/6 7//5 WEZ YARA/ DRY/'NG Wigwam/D YARN RYm/c 7H@ PILE YARN INVENToR Ferdinand H. Muller ATTO EY United States Patenti Hice PROCESS F PRODUCING FABRIC CONTAINING KINKY WOGLEN PILE Y Application Jnly s, 19ss,serin1Nn. 519,911
1 claim. (ci. zii-16) The present invention relates to a pile fabric and, more particularly, to an improved fabric containing kinky woolen pile and a process of producing the same.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a process of the foregoing character which is simple and economical.
Another object is to provide such a process which is applicable to a wide variety of fabrics.
Another object is to provide such a process wherein the pile can be made by weaving, tufting or knitting.
Another object is to provide such a process wherein the yarn is in a condition as the pile is made therefrom which does not interfere with the weaving, tufting or knitting operations.
A further object is to provide such a process which does not require highly specialized twisting of the yarn, complicated apparatus or large quantities of chemicals and the like.
A still further object is to provide a fabric produced by the foregoing process which has a pleasing and attractive appearance and is durable, even if subjected to rough usage.
Other and further objects of the invention will be obvious upon an understanding of the illustrative embodiment about to be described, or will be indicated in the appended claims, and various advantages not referred to herein will occur to one skilled in the art upon employment of the invention in practice.
In accordance with the invention, the foregoing objects are accomplished =by providing a process of producing a fabric containing kinky woolen pile, which process generally comprises wetting woolen ply yarn composed of twisted plys, stretching the yarn while wet at a tension equaling between of its wet breaking strength and almost its wet `breaking strength, winding the yarn while in its wet and stretched condition, drying the yarn so wound to set the stretch therein, making the pile contained in the fabric of the so treated yarn, and moistening the pile yarn. The fabric produced by such process contains woolen pile composed of twisted ply yarn which is kinky and resilient.
In the drawing:
The single ligure is a ow sheet illustrating the steps in the process.
The present process can be practiced in connection with a wide variety of woolen ply yarns composed of from two to seven twisted plies, although more commonly such yarns are composed of two or three plies. The amount of twist in the yarn usually is varied with the size of the yarn but is within the range of so called hard twisted yarns which are produced by conventional twisters. For example, two ply woolen yarns, 'from 40 to 100 yards to the ounce, may be composed of plies each having a Z-twist of between about two and about tive turns to the inchand plied up with an S-twist of between about four and about twelve turns to the inch. It is also contemplated that the plies may have an S-twist and be plied up with an S-twist or a Z-twist, and that the plies may have a Z-twist and be plied up with a Z-twist. The foregoing twist is set in the plied yarn in any suitable conventional manner.
Wetting of the yarn may be accomplished in any suitable manner for example by immersing hanks, cakes, cheeses or packages of yarn in an aqueous bath or steaming the same, or by continuously passing one or more lengths of the yarn through the bath or an atmosphere of steam. The bath may have any desired temperature between the freezing point and the boiling point of water, but best results are obtained in thoroughly wetting the yarn by maintaining the temperature of the bath between about F. and just below its boiling point. Also, if desired, the bath may contain any suitable wetting agent which will not degrade the woolen yarn. Under cer-v tain conditions of processing, the wetting agent may be a water soluble fatty acid soap or may be any detergent of the type usually employed in scouring wool.
The yarn is stretched while wet by passing strands thereof about the rolls or like elements of any conventional yarn stretching apparatus, and is elongated and so put under a tension equalling Ibetween about 25 of its wet breaking strength and almost its wet 4breaking strength. greatest ultimately produce the most pronounced kinky effect in the pile contained in the fabric.
The yarn is then wound on bobbins, cones, spools, tubes or the like in its wet, stretched condition by conventional winding apparatus to provide yarn packages of any desired size.
The Wound yarn is next dried to set the stretch therein by placing the yarn packages in an atmosphere of dry hot air or superheated steam for a sucient duration to remove practically the entire moisture content of the yarn. If desired, the bobbins or the like may be of the perforated type such as used in yarn dyeing to facilitate the circulation of drying medium through the wound layers of yarn.
The yarn is now ready to be made into the pile contained in the fabric and this can be accomplished in any known manner, for example, -by knitting, tufting or weaving operations. The yarn in being made into the pile runs smoothly through the machine employed and does not exhibit any tendency to curl, shrink or otherwise become distorted in a manner to interfere with the machine elements handling the yarn during such operations. Also, by processing the yarn in the aforementioned manner, the tensile strength of the yarn is increased up to 50%, and loose yarn fibers are laid down making the yarn surface smoother, whereby the yarn handles better and is less likely to :break in being made into the pile.
The pile yarn in the fabric is then moistened with water or wet steam in any suitable manner, or such moistening may be effected in the washing of the fabric or other treatment thereof involving the use of liquids. Such moistening relaxes the stretch in the pile yarn and causes the pile yarn to assume its original length and be rendered kinky.
The pile yarn is then Idried or is permitted to dry whereby the natural resiliency of the yarn is restored.
The fabric produced by the process of the present invention is primarily adapted for use as oor covering although it is obvious that fabrics suitable for other uses may be produced by such process. Also, the present process is adapted for producing fabric wherein the entire pile is kinky, or fabric of the two tone type wherein only a portion of the pile is kinky and the remainder of the pile is composed of yarn which has not been treated to render the same kinky. Apparatus for producing Patented June 10, 19758 It has been found that the yarns stretched theV such two tone fabrics is well 'known in the art. The processed yarn can 'be used 'for Axminster, velvet or tufted rugs and the like.
To illustrate apracticalapplication of the present process, 50-yards to the ounce of plied woolen rug yarn, composed of -two Aplys each having a Z-.twist of 4.3 turns to the inch and plied up with an S-twist o'f 8.5 turns to the inch set therein, was wetted by passing Jthe yarn through an aqueous bath, "heated to 200 F. and containing about 2% of an alkylatedaromatic sulfonate typ-,2 wetting agent, at a Alineal speed to retain the yarn in thc bath for asufcient duration-to wet the same throughout.
The `Wetyarn was stretched at a tension equalling about 50% of its wet breaking strength and was wound on 'boblbins while wet and so `stretched. 'The 'bobbins were placed in a chamber and subjected to an atmosphere of hot air at about 212 F. yfor about six hours to dry the layers of yarn onthe ibobbin throughout.
The so processed lyarn was Vwoven into rug fabric in the customary manner as the ypile thereof, and the pile of the Vfabric was moistened with vwet steam. The woolen pile yarn returned to about its original length and was rendered kinky, whereby ya. very close pile fabric of pleasing and attractive appearance was produced.
By employing Lthe foregoing process a fabric is produced which contains woolen pile composed of twisted ply yarn, characterized in that -it -has assumed about the same length as that of-an equivalent .linear section of the `same yarn not so processed, -that itis kinky and that Vits resiliency vis about the lsame -as that prior -to -being s0 processed. Y
From the foregoing description, it will'beseen that the present invention provides a simple, `practical and economical process for producing fabrics containing -an attractive kinky or crimped pile. Such pile is durable and ean'with'stand Vrough usage.
It will be understood that the details and examples hereinbefore set forth are illustrative only and that the invention as broadly described and claimed is in no way limited thereby.
I claim:
YThe process. .of'-producing a fabric containing .kinky woolen ile which Aprocess .comprises xrst wetting plied wnalenc 'n having a .weightrof .one ounce `for from 40 to 100 ya sfthereof composed of from two to Yseyenplies each having a Z-twist of between about two and about five turns to the inch and plied up with an S-twist of between about four and about twelve turns -to :the inch by passing the yarn through .anaqueous bath heated to about 200 F. at a lineal speed toretain the yarn in the bath for a sufficient duration to wet the same throughout, stretching the .wet v.yarn at a tension equalling between about 25% .of its we; breaking 'strength and valmost its wet breaking strength, winding and drying the stretched yarn .and maintaining the vwound yarn in stretched condition, making the pile .contained in the fabric of the so treated yarn, applying wet steam to the pile yarn torender the same kinky, and drying the pile yarn to restore the natural resiliency thereof.
References Cited in ythe file of this patent LUNITED STATES 'PATENTS 346,673 Mitchell Aug. 3, 188.6 1,511,212 Bliss Oct. '14, l1924 2,509,351 Reinhardt et al. May '30, '1950 2,662,560 Jackson Dec. 15, '1953 2,676,384 Reinhardt et al. Apr. 27, l95'4
US519971A 1955-07-05 1955-07-05 Process of producing fabric containing kinky woolen pile Expired - Lifetime US2837809A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3271943A (en) * 1963-12-30 1966-09-13 Du Pont Process for stabilizing bulked yarns and product thereof
US6832419B1 (en) * 2003-07-03 2004-12-21 Milliken & Company Method of making pile fabric

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US346673A (en) * 1886-08-03 Abeaham mitchell
US1511212A (en) * 1924-10-14 Search association
US2509351A (en) * 1946-11-07 1950-05-30 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Inc Process of producing axminster pile fabric
US2662560A (en) * 1950-06-22 1953-12-15 Alexander Smith Inc Pile fabric
US2676384A (en) * 1954-03-02 1954-04-27 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Pile carpet and method of making the same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US346673A (en) * 1886-08-03 Abeaham mitchell
US1511212A (en) * 1924-10-14 Search association
US2509351A (en) * 1946-11-07 1950-05-30 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Inc Process of producing axminster pile fabric
US2662560A (en) * 1950-06-22 1953-12-15 Alexander Smith Inc Pile fabric
US2676384A (en) * 1954-03-02 1954-04-27 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Pile carpet and method of making the same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3271943A (en) * 1963-12-30 1966-09-13 Du Pont Process for stabilizing bulked yarns and product thereof
US6832419B1 (en) * 2003-07-03 2004-12-21 Milliken & Company Method of making pile fabric
US20050000070A1 (en) * 2003-07-03 2005-01-06 Williamson Curtis Brian Method of making pile fabric

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