US2835806A - Frequency doubling circuit arrangement - Google Patents

Frequency doubling circuit arrangement Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2835806A
US2835806A US530977A US53097755A US2835806A US 2835806 A US2835806 A US 2835806A US 530977 A US530977 A US 530977A US 53097755 A US53097755 A US 53097755A US 2835806 A US2835806 A US 2835806A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
anode
triode
circuit arrangement
resistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US530977A
Inventor
Verster Nico Frederick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2835806A publication Critical patent/US2835806A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/78—Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
    • H01J17/40—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes
    • H01J17/44—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes having one or more control electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B19/00—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source
    • H03B19/06—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes
    • H03B19/08—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes by means of a discharge device
    • H03B19/10—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes by means of a discharge device using multiplication only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0064—Tubes with cold main electrodes (including cold cathodes)
    • H01J2893/0065—Electrode systems
    • H01J2893/0068—Electrode systems electrode assembly with control electrodes, e.g. including a screen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to frequency doubling arrangements; it is an object of the invention to provide a simple and aperiodic frequency doubling circuit arrangement which can be used with advantage for comparatively high frequencies for example for frequencies up to a few mc./s.
  • the circuit arrangement comprises two electron tubes each provided with a control grid and having a common cathode resistor included in the common cathode lead, which resistor forms part of the control grid circuits of both tubes and the input voltage the frequency of which is required to be doubled is supplied to the control grid of the first tube, the control grid of the second tube being connected via a positive grid bias supply to the end of the cathode resistor remote from the cathode.
  • the anode of the second tube is connected via an anode resistor to an anode voltage supply and the anode of the first tube is connected to a tapping on the anode resistor, the output voltage being taken from the anode of the second tube;
  • the control grids of both tubes have different positive bias voltages applied to them in a manner such that the output voltage produced at the anode of the second tube decreases both when the input voltage which is supplied to the first tube decreases and when it increases.
  • FIG. 1 shows a frequency doubling circuit arrangement in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a voltage diagram illustrating the operation of the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 1.
  • the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 1 comprises a double-triode tube comprising triodes 1 and 2.
  • the cathodes of said triodes are connected to earth through a common cathode resistor 3, whilst the control grids are connected through different positive grid voltage supplies 4, 5 and grid resistors 6, 7 respectively to the end of the cathode resistor 3 remote from the cathodes which is connected to earth.
  • an anode resistor 8 the anode of the triode 2 is connected to the positive terminal of an anode voltage supply 9, the anode of the triode i being connected to a tapping 10 on the anode resistor 8.
  • the voltage of a generator 11 the frequency of which is to be doubled is supplied to the control grid of the triode 1; the frequency-doubled output voltage can be taken from output terminals 12 connected respectively to the anode of the triode 2 and to earth.
  • the triode 1 acts as a cathode follower so that the cathode voltage follows the control voltage.
  • This cathode voltage is the input voltage for the triode 2 so that, when both, tubes are operative simultaneously, the voltage variations which are produced by the two tubes in the anode resistor 8 oppose each other. Since the anode resistor of triode 1 is part of the anode resistor included in the anode circuit of triode 2, the effective amplification of triode 2 considerably exceeds that of triode 1. Thus, of the voltage variations produced across the anode resistor 8 in accordance with an input voltage variation, the voltage variation which is produced by triode 2 predominates when both triodes are operative.
  • the voltage diagram of Fig. 2 shows the variation of the voltage V,, which is produced at the anode of the triode 2 as a function of an input voltage V, with proper choice of the grid bias voltages.
  • this triode With a negative or small positive value of the input voltage applied to triode 1 this triode is cut-off by the voltage which is produced across the common cathode resistor 3 by the anode current of triode 2. in this region, which is designated a in Fig. 2, the anode voltage V,, of triode 2 and consequently the output voltage are independent of the input voltage which is supplied to the first triode, i. e. they are constant.
  • triode 1 the input voltage of triode 1 is increased so as to assume, for example, the value V shown in Fig. 2, the triode 1 becomes operative.
  • the grid voltage of triode 1 across the anode resistor 8 voltage variations are produced by both triodes which oppose each other, as has been mentioned hereinbefore, the voltage variation produced by triode 2 predominating.
  • the voltage produced at the anode of triode 2 increases in the region which is indicated by b in Figure 2.
  • triode 2 At an input voltage which corresponds to a value V the voltage produced across the common cathode resistor 3 assumes a value such that triode 2 is cut-off. Thereupon triode It operates normally as an amplifier tube and a further increase in the input voltage causes a decrease in the output voltage, which is shown in Fig. 2 in the region designated 0.
  • a frequency-doubling circuit comprising first and second electron tubes each having a cathode, a grid and an anode, a cathode resistor connected at an end thereof to the cathode of both of said tubes, an anode resistor having a tap thereon and connected atan end thereof to a 3 the anode of said second tube, a source of operating voltage connected between the remaining ends of said anode and cathode resistors, an unbypassed connection between said tap and the anode of said first tube whereby the entirety of said anode resistor comprises a load impedance for said second tube and only a portion of said anode resistor comprises a load impedance for said first tube, a
  • source of an alternating input signal connected to the grid of said first tube, and means connected to bias the grids of said tubes at different values so that the output voltage at the anode of said second tube decreases both when the input signal voltage increases and when the input signal voltage decreases.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Description

May' 20, 1958 N. F. VERSTER FREQUENCY DOUBLING CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT Filed Aug. 29, 1955 INVENTOR mco FREDERfK vsnsraa W AGENT Unit 2,835,806 Patented May 2a, was
FREQUENCY DDUBLIN G CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT Nico Frederick Verster, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignor,
by mesne assignments, to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application August 29, 1955, Serial No. 530,977
Claims priority, application Netherlands September 9, 1954 1 Claim. (Cl. 250--27) The invention relates to frequency doubling arrangements; it is an object of the invention to provide a simple and aperiodic frequency doubling circuit arrangement which can be used with advantage for comparatively high frequencies for example for frequencies up to a few mc./s.
According to the invention the circuit arrangement comprises two electron tubes each provided with a control grid and having a common cathode resistor included in the common cathode lead, which resistor forms part of the control grid circuits of both tubes and the input voltage the frequency of which is required to be doubled is supplied to the control grid of the first tube, the control grid of the second tube being connected via a positive grid bias supply to the end of the cathode resistor remote from the cathode. The anode of the second tube is connected via an anode resistor to an anode voltage supply and the anode of the first tube is connected to a tapping on the anode resistor, the output voltage being taken from the anode of the second tube; the control grids of both tubes have different positive bias voltages applied to them in a manner such that the output voltage produced at the anode of the second tube decreases both when the input voltage which is supplied to the first tube decreases and when it increases.
It the values of the components of the arrangement are properly chosen, undesirable harmonics of the input voltage are only weakly represented in the output voltage; thus, distortion of the output voltages due to undesirable harmonics is only from 1% to 2%.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference by way of example, to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a frequency doubling circuit arrangement in accordance with the invention, and
Fig. 2 shows a voltage diagram illustrating the operation of the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 1.
The circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 1 comprises a double-triode tube comprising triodes 1 and 2. The cathodes of said triodes are connected to earth through a common cathode resistor 3, whilst the control grids are connected through different positive grid voltage supplies 4, 5 and grid resistors 6, 7 respectively to the end of the cathode resistor 3 remote from the cathodes which is connected to earth. Through an anode resistor 8 the anode of the triode 2 is connected to the positive terminal of an anode voltage supply 9, the anode of the triode i being connected to a tapping 10 on the anode resistor 8. The voltage of a generator 11 the frequency of which is to be doubled is supplied to the control grid of the triode 1; the frequency-doubled output voltage can be taken from output terminals 12 connected respectively to the anode of the triode 2 and to earth.
In the circuit arrangement shown, the triode 1 acts as a cathode follower so that the cathode voltage follows the control voltage. This cathode voltage is the input voltage for the triode 2 so that, when both, tubes are operative simultaneously, the voltage variations which are produced by the two tubes in the anode resistor 8 oppose each other. Since the anode resistor of triode 1 is part of the anode resistor included in the anode circuit of triode 2, the effective amplification of triode 2 considerably exceeds that of triode 1. Thus, of the voltage variations produced across the anode resistor 8 in accordance with an input voltage variation, the voltage variation which is produced by triode 2 predominates when both triodes are operative.
The voltage diagram of Fig. 2 shows the variation of the voltage V,, which is produced at the anode of the triode 2 as a function of an input voltage V, with proper choice of the grid bias voltages. With a negative or small positive value of the input voltage applied to triode 1 this triode is cut-off by the voltage which is produced across the common cathode resistor 3 by the anode current of triode 2. in this region, which is designated a in Fig. 2, the anode voltage V,, of triode 2 and consequently the output voltage are independent of the input voltage which is supplied to the first triode, i. e. they are constant.
it the input voltage of triode 1 is increased so as to assume, for example, the value V shown in Fig. 2, the triode 1 becomes operative. On further increase of the grid voltage of triode 1, across the anode resistor 8 voltage variations are produced by both triodes which oppose each other, as has been mentioned hereinbefore, the voltage variation produced by triode 2 predominating. Thus, the voltage produced at the anode of triode 2 increases in the region which is indicated by b in Figure 2.
At an input voltage which corresponds to a value V the voltage produced across the common cathode resistor 3 assumes a value such that triode 2 is cut-off. Thereupon triode It operates normally as an amplifier tube and a further increase in the input voltage causes a decrease in the output voltage, which is shown in Fig. 2 in the region designated 0.
By imparting a value V to the grid bias: of triode 1 the output voltage across terminals 12 will decrease both with increase and with decrease of the input voltage, with the result that the frequency of an input alternating voltage is doubled.
In the circuit arrangement in accordance with the invention a proper choice of the values of the components ensures that the ascending and descending slopes of the voltage diagram shown in Fig. 2 have a substantially symmetrical variation with respect to a vertical line passing through the point V and, that a sinusoidal input voltage produces a substantially sinusoidal output voltage at double frequency.
A preferred experimental embodiment of the circuit arrangement described had the following values:
1 double triode type E9OCC Anode resistor=3 1.3K ohms having a tapping at 8.8K
ohms on the supply side Cathode resistor: 1. 12K ohms Grid bias of triode 1:2.8 volts Grid bias of triode 2:0 volt.
In spite of the aperiodic nature of this circuit arrangement the distortion of the required double frequency proved to be only about 1% to 2% with a variation of the input frequency between 10 0/8. and 1.5 mc./s.
What is claimed is:
A frequency-doubling circuit comprising first and second electron tubes each having a cathode, a grid and an anode, a cathode resistor connected at an end thereof to the cathode of both of said tubes, an anode resistor having a tap thereon and connected atan end thereof to a 3 the anode of said second tube, a source of operating voltage connected between the remaining ends of said anode and cathode resistors, an unbypassed connection between said tap and the anode of said first tube whereby the entirety of said anode resistor comprises a load impedance for said second tube and only a portion of said anode resistor comprises a load impedance for said first tube, a
source of an alternating input signal connected to the grid of said first tube, and means connected to bias the grids of said tubes at different values so that the output voltage at the anode of said second tube decreases both when the input signal voltage increases and when the input signal voltage decreases.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,230,243 Hatfcke Feb. 4, 1941 2,273,090 Crosby Feb. 17, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS 150,806 Australia Apr. 9, 1953
US530977A 1954-09-09 1955-08-29 Frequency doubling circuit arrangement Expired - Lifetime US2835806A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL776228X 1954-09-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2835806A true US2835806A (en) 1958-05-20

Family

ID=19829993

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US530977A Expired - Lifetime US2835806A (en) 1954-09-09 1955-08-29 Frequency doubling circuit arrangement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2835806A (en)
DE (1) DE955696C (en)
FR (1) FR1130901A (en)
GB (1) GB776228A (en)
NL (3) NL174285B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3681705A (en) * 1969-12-30 1972-08-01 Lewis C Spence Circuit and method for enhancement of signal-noise ratio

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2230243A (en) * 1938-06-28 1941-02-04 Philip M Haffcke Signal selection by amplitude discrimination
US2273090A (en) * 1940-02-03 1942-02-17 Rca Corp Superregenerative limiter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2230243A (en) * 1938-06-28 1941-02-04 Philip M Haffcke Signal selection by amplitude discrimination
US2273090A (en) * 1940-02-03 1942-02-17 Rca Corp Superregenerative limiter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3681705A (en) * 1969-12-30 1972-08-01 Lewis C Spence Circuit and method for enhancement of signal-noise ratio

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL174285B (en)
NL190662A (en)
GB776228A (en) 1957-06-05
DE955696C (en) 1957-01-10
NL86357C (en)
FR1130901A (en) 1957-02-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2050059A (en) Relay system
US2358428A (en) Thermionic valve amplifier circuit arrangement
US2207511A (en) Oscillation generator
US2897429A (en) Supply circuit transistor current control for electric loads
US2577461A (en) Electron discharge tube circuit arrangement, including selective and nonselective negative-feedback means and selective positive-feedback means
US2835806A (en) Frequency doubling circuit arrangement
US2281948A (en) Relaxation oscillator
US2579816A (en) Voltage regulator
US2301635A (en) Impulse phase measuring system
US2436482A (en) Electronic trigger circuit
US2379699A (en) Amplifier circuit
US2703825A (en) Electronic gain control device
US2444864A (en) High-frequency tuned amplifying circuit
US2843746A (en) Amplitude control for oscillators
US3072860A (en) Transistor amplifier
US2926309A (en) Screen grid amplifier
US2225469A (en) Relaxation arrangement for deflecting cathode rays
US2361282A (en) Push-pull electron tube system
US2527441A (en) Automatic volume control circuit
US2261787A (en) Amplifier
US2854571A (en) Synchronizing-pulse-gated automatic gain control for television receiver
US2157856A (en) Diode rectifier
US2215439A (en) Amplifier
US1839481A (en) Circuit arbangement for generating electric oscillations
US3299367A (en) Feedback amplifier