US2829610A - Incinerators - Google Patents

Description

April 8, 1958 M. PASKOWSKI 2,829,610

INCINERATORS Filed May 31, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR.

MICHAE P KO'WSKI ATTORNEY Aprii 8, 1958 M. PASKOWSKI INCINERATORS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 31, 1955 INVENTOR.

A OWSKI a O a 0 fo 0 2 O 5 5 6 A O 0 5 H 7 o O m .l O M w Y B O O O H O k 0 .6 o 0 O 0 O a w 5 0 5 2 A. 04 41 "J H 06 6 & 6 0 b 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 O a o '41 2 .mm m A J A o 5 0 O O 5 b .m 5 F ATTORNEY United States Patent "cc 2329M i Patented Apr. 8, 1958' Referring now to the drawings, 1 represents the incinerator generally, having a suitable, partly counterbalanced cover 2, provided with side handles 3. Opening 2,829,610 this cover. exposes the combustion chamber 4 and 5, 5 sometimes called the firebox, which comprises the entire INCINERATORS open area to the bottom casting and includes a reticun lated basket. Dry trash is placed in the dry trash section Mmhael Paskowski Mass of the incinerator. Garbage and wet trash are placed Application May 31, 1955, Serial No. 512,157 in the basket. Access to both sections is had by opening the cover 2 of the incinerator. The cover 2 is operatively 6 Claims 110*8) pivoted on top frame ring casting 6, of the incinerator to open and close the incinerator for charging the latter with the trash and wet garbage. v A baflle 7 is attached by screws to bosses on the under- T he present invention relates to an incinerator for burnside of the cover as at S and 9 for the purpose of reducing ing all combustible household-type refuse safely and sani heat radiated from the top of the cover. When incintarily, either indoors or out without utilization of any erator heat is wanted this ba'. e can be removed; The other source of heat than that derived from the burning cover itself is partly counterbalanced by means of coun-i dry trash, for conditioning Wet garbage in preparation terweights 10. A protective overhanging skirt 7 atthe for self-burning. hinged end of the bottom side of the coverprevents the An object of the invention is to improve-incinerators of refuse from spilling onto the incinerator frame. the above-mentioned character, and more specifically to A cleanout door 11 is located in the lower wall of the improve such incinerators where the dry rubbish is placed incinerator, the door being fitted into door-frame 12. This separate from the garbage in the combustion chamberdoor is provided with a handle 13. A preheater for the the garbage being placed in a reticulated basket or support draft air is formed by providing an inner wall 14, spaced interposed between the trash and the smoke flue. apart from the outer wall, the two walls thus enclosing Another object of my invention is to transfer heat anair space 15, into and through which cold air from outradiating through the walls of the combustion chamber to side :the incinerator is drawn and circulated. Air enters incoming draft-air entering the bottom of the wall air space 15, by means of openings or holes 16, in bottom chamber. This draft air also functions to maintain the ring casting- 17, the holes extending all the way through walls relatively cool. the ring casting. The top and bottom ring-castings 6 and Still another object of my invention isto extract heat 17 may be rigidly secured together by the tie-rods 56a. from the hue gases emerging from the incinerator and to The path of the air circulation through the preheaters transfer this heat to incoming draft-air flowing through'the and the incinerator chamber, smoke flue passage 23 and hood air chamber. into the chimney will be more specifically described later Another object of my invention is to maintain the chimon in the specification. Y ney-smoke temperature safely cool, and to aid in sup! A hood-18, for the flue gas heat exchanger rests on the pressing sparks. rear of top frame ring casting 6, as shown in Fig. l, and A further object of my invention is to provide a dr-aftthis hood is provided with a hinged draft air inlet cover air heat booster entirely within the combustion chamber 19over hood opening 20. Cover 19 is normally partly which for the purpose of definition will herein be referred opened. The open bottom of the hood rests on the top to as an air temperature superheater, and through which body frame directly over the top of the superheater chamsuperheater preheated draft-air from both the wall and her andextends back over the top wall openings to the flue-gas heat exchangers pass to the combustion chamber wall heat exchanger. The passage way between the fluein a manner to effect a predetermined fire pattern. gas heat extractor 22, and hood 18, comprises the flue gas A still further object vof my invention. is to locate the heat exchanger chamber. superheater draft-air outlet in such. a location relative to Draft air coming in through opening 20 washes down the refuse and flue outlet that the bulk of the air will be and around heat extractor 22 as it passes down into the utilized to dehydrate and preheatwet garbage in preparasuperheater chamber through openings 28, 29, 33 and 34. tion for free burning, the remainder. of the air being The cover 19 has a lift screw 21 for regulating opening utilized'for supportingburning of dry trash. lh this man- 20. Furthermoreopening 2G is in such a location that ner the burning period of thedry trash will be prothe draft air comes in from over the incinerator cover, longed-a most desirable feature. By. the recycling of the which is the first to get hot and is also a source of preheat leaving'theincinerator through the main source of heated draft air. Flue gas heat extractor 22 is actually escape on the walls and flue gases, and then further a section of cast iron stove pipe, so shaped and finned as boosting gthetemperature of this air in the superheater, a to cause turbulent flow of the flue gases through it giving much higher draft air'temperature is attained, thus inoff heat to the We ls, particularly at restricted sections by creasing the efficiency of gthe incinerator. Furthermore conduction and also within the center expansion chamber incineratoreiiiciency is' also increased .by prolonging the by the principle that expanding gases give oil heat. The burning period of the drytrash, which also makes it a outlet is larger than the inlet. This iron casting is shaped cooler operating appliance and hence safer to indoor use like two ofi'set fan-tails connected by a chamber in beor outdoors in tinder-dry woodlands. tween, and is located above the superheater and rests The above and other objects of my invention will be on the top of the incinerator frame. This heat extractor clearlyunderstood bymo're specific reference to the acco municates with the smoke flue opening 2-3, and chimcompanying specifications and drawings in whichFig. l ney outlet 25. The extractor 22 has an adapter 26, which is a sectional elevation of'fthe incinerator as a whole; Fig. rests on the hood and fits over the o er wall of the outlet 2 is a sectional elevation of the flue-gas heatextractor nd of extractor 22, and which enables the heat extractor taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a similar section to be readily fitted into a standard size chimney outlet 25. looking i th opposite di e ti n; Fig, 4.i a sectional plan 7 An air temperature booster or air super-heater 27 (shown view taken on line 4'-4 of Fig. l and looking in the direction 'of the arrows; and Fig}. 5 is a view'on 1ine5.-5 ot Fig. 1 lookinginthe "direction of the arrows.

in Figures .1, 4 and 5) has openings 23, 29, 33 and 34 in the top thereof, and a damper 3%, in thebottorn. Attached to the damper 30 is a lever 31 (Fig. 5) for regulating communication between the bottom of the air superheater and the combustion chamber at area 5. A rod 32 (Fig. 4) extends vertically from the damper 30, through the top of the hood 18, for controlling the damper from outside the incinerator. Damper 30 is always partially opened, the ends being unregulated, so that there is always at least some flow of draft air from the super heater to the combustion chamber. The back and side walls 36 of superheater 27 are shaped to the contour of the back end of the inner wall 14 of the incinerator, and are spaced somewhat so that that heat from the superheater will not be lost by conduction through physical contact with said wall 14. The walls 36, defining a housing for the air superheater 27, may be welded at the top thereof to top frame 6 and at the bottom to the frame of damper 30; or the air superheater may be hung from top frame 6 by means of tie-rods or bolts, the heads of which may be seen at 56, Fig. 4. It is desirable to have the air superheater located so that the bottom of the latter is at approximately one-third of the height of the incinerator above the bottom incinerator wall. Hence, when the damper 30 is open the heated air passing through the superheater will be directed against the garbage basket in order to dehydrate the wet garbage in the bottom of said basket.

The superheater 27 is also a heat exchanger with sides and bottom entirely within the firebox and isolated from the walls. The top is connected to the top body frame with openings directly into the flue-gas heat exchanger section, these openings being common to both. The front section of this tube is shaped to define three sides of a foursided smoke flue passage 23, grills 40a and 40b making up the front, or fourth side, through which flame and hot gases must pass on the way out after coming through the garbage basket. The bottom of this tube, which is roughly about /3 of the Wall height of the incinerator above the incinerator bottom, and in which is located the adjustable damper 30, and which can shut off approximately of the opening. In other words, there is always some opening. This superheater tube is suspended from the top frame casting entirely within the firebox, and has large capacity, so that draft-air moves slowly through it. It is subjected to flame and firebox temperature on all sides but the top, so that the walls get exceedingly hot. This wall heat is transferred to the moving air which will be heated to nearly incinerator temperature itself and may go over 1200 F. at the peak of operation.

The arrangement of the basket for wet garbage will now be described. This comprises suitable racks 39, Fig. 1 (one only of which is shown). There are two of these racks attached to inner wall 14 and having a suitable angular slope or incline with reference to the plane of the top ring-casting 6; for example, a slope of 20 or 30 degrees. They basket comprises three reticulated cast iron grills, the outer adjustable one 40, being hung on racks'39 and is held in by bottom cross-bar of lower inner grill 40b. The lower section of the back grill 4% is supported at its lower end by hooks 46 and held from swinging by top hook 45 (only one each is shown). The top part of back grill 40a is suspended on hooks 44 and hangs by gravity without bottom support except for bottom fingers pressing against the top of grill 40b. The purpose of this arrangement is for sliding gate 2 with its bottom cross-bar 43 to be free to move in up or down direction in case of \varpage or other obstruction which might cause jamming between the superheater and the back grill 49a causing possible breakage of the parts. The cross-bar or pipe 43 may be welded or otherwise rigidly secured to the bottom of sliding gate 42, so that it will move up and down with the latter;

The pipe 43 serves to block the space between basket members 40a and sliding gate 42, thus preventing the flame from the combustion chamber skipping the garbage in the reticulated basket and going directly into the smokeflue passage 23. Hooks 44 are attached to top frame casting. Hooks 45 are attached to the front of the super- 4 heater tube. Hooks 46 are attached to the bottom casting of the superheater, or to the frame of damper 30.

When the wet barbage is dropped into the basket thus formed and theload-level gate dropped below the garbage level the products of combustion from the burning dry trash in the combustion chamber 4, 5, together with the bulk of the draft air emerging through the damper 30 in the superheater 27 pass through the wet garbage in the reticulated basket and opening 47 of the smoke flue, as indicated by arrow 48, in the latter, thus dehydrating the wet garbage before it is burnt and consumed by the flames in the combustion chamber.

Notches in rack 39 permit the adjustment in size of the garbage basket by relocating grill 40 from full open to completely collapsed position or it may be lifted out entirely permitting the insertion of larger pieces of trash (cartons, bundles and the like) into the incinerator than would be possible if the basket were allowed to obstruct the maximum opening in the top of the incinerator. Due to the inclination of the lower end of the basket the garbage will not have a tendency to pack since the weight of the garbage will be supported by grill 40. Also, ashes will have a tendency to fall out without shaking.

A load level gate 42 is provided in the upper part of the smoke-flue passage 23, which gate is designed to control the partial opening and closing of the smoke flue by means of a rod 49, extending up through the hood 18, and which rod is adapted to be fixed in a predetermined position by an adjusting screw 50. The gate is raised and lowered in a vertical position and a skirt 43, at the bottom of the gate is provided to insure complete closure of the opening at the bottom between the gate and the sides of the smoke-flue opening when the gate is in its lowermost position and back of the garbage basket. By means of this gate the level of the flue exit-opening may be adjusted manually when the garbage level is not below the operative sliding traverse of the gate, thus assuring that the flame and hot flue gases from burning rubbish and also the superheated draft air will pass through the garbage rather than over the top where no resistance is offered to the outflowing flue-gas and, as a consequence, much dehydrating action would be lost. This shutter or gate may be fully retracted for several seconds at the start of incineration. In this manner no resistance to the passage of flue-gases into the smoke-flue passage 23 and up the chimney is presented. This is important at the start of operations, permitting the rapid establishment of working draft without smoking; or after firing, to stop smoking if it develops.

The load level gate 42 has perforations in line with the underside of the top frame 6, when this gate is in either fully lowered or fully raised positions. This is a further aid to prevent smoking during starting of the fire. The perforations or holes in this gate 42 become of no consequence after the incinerator builds up to effective operative conditions.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings, suitably supported within the flue gas heat extractor 22, are the usual fins 51, both for conducting the heat from the chamber to the outside of the casing of the heat extractor, and for causing turbulent flow of gases through it. If desired, additional radiating fins may be added inside and out to dissipate the conducted heat. Passages formed between the fins 51 also aid in arresting sparks, which is important when used in woodland areas.

In order that adequate draft-air be available at appropriate places and at various levels of loading, auxiliary draft-holes or openings 52 are provided on top of door frame 12 and also holes 53 in the top inner wall 14. In both cases air comes directly from wall heat exchanger chamber 15.

Several of the holes 52 are provided, about $6" in diameter, to provide draft air coming directly from the wall preheater. They are of little consequence in disposing of garbage. Their purpose is to insure thorough asaaero incineration of trash trapped'in the cleanout door area. These openings are threaded to take /z"' coarse thread cap-screws. Desired draft may be obtained by removing some, of the screws. The holes 53, of which there are about 24, of about diameter are drilled into the'top front-end and sides (all within the trash area) of the inside sheet iron wall to provide initial draft on starting. This is necessary in case refuse is packed tightly, blocking off the bottom damper opening at 30 in the superheater. After the fire builds up these small openings, become of little consequence. The location of the draft-air outlet just referred to is important to the effective. operation of the incinerator, as the fire pattern produced is most desirable for the dehydration and burning of garbage and wet trash. Heat is also most intense next to the suspended basket.

When trash is ignited at the top, the flame will spread rapidly downward seeking out the main draft-airoutlet, and generally following a path next'to the garbage basket, until it reaches the damper 30. Not only will the flame begin to make immediate contact with the garbage but trash leaning against the garbage'basket (which, in such a state, acts asinsulation) is rapidly burned away, leavingthe garbage basket exposed to full flame action The fire will then burn outward and. upward rather uniformly away from the source of the draft-air, with the trash feeding thefire. This prolongs the burning period,za most desirable factor in the conditioning of garbage, rather than burning up all at once, as it does in the conventional incinerators where the draft airoutlet is around the cleanont door and farthest away from the garbage basket and flue outlet.

There are suitable adjustable leveling screws 54, 55, etc. on the bottom of the incinerator for leveling the latter, and tie-rods (not shown) for holding the top and bottom ring-castings in rigid relationship. Other tie rods 56a support the superheater 27 from the bottom casting thereof, to the top frame and are secured by nuts 56.

In the type of incinerator herein described, it is only necessary to ignite the dry portion of the refuse with a match, then utilize the heat given off to dry and preheat the wet portion in preparation for free-burning.

The incinerator is connected to a good draft chimney as another requirement. The draft created vents odors while refuse is being accumulated, and vents the fluegases during operation of the incinerator. During accumulation this constant draft is also dehydrating the refuse; hence, for all practical purposes, the incinerator is working even while standing idly by. Also, it is required that the garbage and wet trash be separated from the dry trash and that the former be placed in a suspended basket spread out as a screen in front of the flue-gas exit 47. When the dry portion of the refuse is ignited, the hot smoke and flame must pass through the garbage basket to reach flue-gas exit 47. Another important factor in the dehydration of wet garbage is the draft air which enters the combustion chamber in locality 5 in large quantities. Its purpose is to support burning, and aid in the drying of wet refuse, since a large portion of the superheated air (which may exceed 1200 F.) passes through the garbage basket. The hotter this air the faster the garbage dehydrates and burns and the more intense is the fire, and consequently the more efiicient the incinerator.

In an incinerator, as in a furnace, most of the heat of combustion either passes out through the walls or goes up the chimney in flue gases. Therefore I have provided heat exchangers at these locations to capture and return in the draft air as much of this heat as possible. In doing this not only is the efiiciency of the incinerator increased, but walls and chimney smoke are kept relatively cool. The flue-gas heat exchanger consists of heat extractor 22, hood 18, and air chamber 57. Heat is exchanged or transferred to the flowing draft-air within the chamber.

The operation of my invention is as follows: Cover'2 is opened and the incinerator charged with dry rubbish and.

wet or dry garbage. The top of the rubbish or trash is ignited with a match. The flame will rapidly spread downward, seeking out the draft-air outlet, generally following a course next to the garbage basket until it reaches the damper opening, in the bottom of superheater 27. Not only will the flame begin to makeirnmediate contact with the garbage, but the trash leaning against the basket (which in such a state acts as insulation) is rapidly burned away, leaving the garbage basket exposed to full flame action. The fire will then burnoutward and up ward rather uniformly away from the source of draft-air, with the trash feeding the fire, thus prolonging the burning period, a most desirable factor in the conditioning of garbage, rather than burning up all at once, as it does in the conventional type of incinerators Where the draft air outlet is around the door, and farthest away from the garbage basket and flue outlet.

In my improved form of incinerator the bulk of the air entering wall space 15 through. openings 16, flows upward and out into flue-gas heat exchanger space 57 through opening 16 It then flows into superheater chamber 27 through openings 28, 29, 33 and 34 in top frame 6 and comes out through damper therein, through the garbage basket, up smoke flue passage 23 through heat extractor 22 and into the chimney. Draft air simultaneously enters flue-gas heat exchanger space 57 through adjustable cover 19, through opening 20 in hood 18, down through space 57 thence throughopenings 28, 29, 33, and 34 in frame 6, through superheater chamber 27, out through openings 30 then through the garbage basket, up smoke flue passage 23 then through heat extractor 22 and into the chimney. A small portion of the draft-air enters the combustion chamber in areas 4 and 5, through openings 52 and 53. Air enters the incinerator through openings 16, flows upward through wall heat exchanger space 15 and out through openings 52 and 53, thence through the garbage basket up smoke flue passage 23, through heat extractor 22 and into the chimney.

By the devices of my invention I am enabled to accomplish a higher ratio of burning of garbage to trash. This makes the incinerator particularly adaptable to uses beyond the household field, such as to restaurants and the like, where the conventional incinerators would fail.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In an incinerator comprising elements in operative juxtaposition with each other to effect a draft pattern resulting therefrom, the combination of a bottom frame and a top frame both having openings therein adapted for the passage of air therethrough, an outside casing and an inside casing supported by the bottom frame and extending between said frames, the inner wall of the outside casing and the outer Wall of the inside casing defining an air preheating chamber for the incinerator, a. cover for the incinerator hinged to one end of the top frame, said bottom frame comprising a bottom floor wall for the incinerator, the inner wall of the inner casing, cover, and bottom floor wall defining a combustion chamber to burn dry rubbish and wet garbage therein, a housing extending into the combustion chamber and said housing defining an air temperature superheater chamber the outer wall of which is spaced from the inner casing wall and having openings in the top and bottom of the housing for the passage of air therethrough to be boosted in temperature and the outer wall of the housing having three sides defining a smoke fiue passage communicating with the combustion chamber, means comprising tie rods secured to the top frame and to the superheater housing for suspending the latter therefrom, a garbage basket supported by the inner casing wall, the top frame and superheater housing respectively, means between the combustion chamber end of the smoke flue passage and the combustion chamber adapted to control the exit of the products of combustion in the combustion chamber and flowing into the passage, the said means comprising a vertically adjustable flue gate to prevent the heated air and gases in the combustion chamber from passing into the smoke flue before they have passed through the garbage basket, a bafiie secured to the bottom of the flue gate adapted to complete the closure of the bottom of the smoke flue passage, a chimney suitably supported on the incinerator and comprising a casing defining a passage communicating with the hereinbefore mentioned smoke flue passage and with the combustion chamber which chimney creates an air draft drawing upwardly into the smoke flue the air passing through the preheater, superheater and combustion chamber and the mixed air and gases therein and finally up the smoke'flue passage and chimney, and a cleanout door frame and door-therein extending through portions of both inner and outer casings.

2. An incinerator as defined in claim 1, and having suitable openings in the top inner Wall of the inner casing remote from the air temperature booster, and inthe top inner wall of the cleanout door frame respectively, said openings cooperating with the draft air damper in the air temperature booster to eifect the desired fire pattern.

3. An incinerator as defined in claim 1 having the draft air outlet of the air superheater in effective heat radiating 8 incinerator cover comprises a protective overhanging skirt at the hinged end of the bottom side of said cover and adapted to prevent refuse from spilling onto the incinerator frame.

5. An incinerator as defined in claim 1, having a frame.

comprising oval-shaped top and bottom ring castings secured together by vertically extending tie-rods.

6. An incinerator as defined in claim 1 in which. the

garbage basket has a variable capacity, and comprising a front section and two back sections, notched racks supported by the inner wall of the inner casing, said racks having a predetermined inclination with respect to the plane of the incinerator cover and upon which racks the top sectionof the basket is suspended, and adapted to swing thereon, suspending means comprising hooks for the back sections, and said means carried by the top frame and by the wall of the air superheater housing respectively, the latter adjacent the basket, and the top back section adapted to freely swing on its own suspending means.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Great Britain of 1907

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