US2819693A

US2819693A - Refractory anchors and supporting hangers therefor

Info

Publication number: US2819693A
Application number: US549317A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert A Rath
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1955-11-28
Filing date: 1955-11-28
Publication date: 1958-01-14
Anticipated expiration: 1975-01-14

Description

R. A. RATH Jan. 14, 1958 REFRACTORY ANCHORS AND SUPPORTING HANGERS 1HEREFOR Filed NOV. 28, 1955 JNVENTOR. Robert A. Raf/7 #244 Emmi/ K H/S Arromvsrs ited REFRACTORY ANCHORS AND SUPPORTING HANGERS THEREFOR This invention relates generally to an assembly of structural elements such as are included in, and as form a part of refractories employed in roof structures of furnaces, in furnace doors and incovers for soaking pits and similar structures. In producing such refractories it is usual procedure to employ preformed refractory anchors which are usually of substantial length and are so formed that they converge toward one end thereof. The smaller end of each such anchor is usually referred to as the upper end and is supported by a metallic hanger which is provided with two sets of oppositely disposed, spaced support flanges. One set of such flanges is adapted and arranged to engage and support an anchor and the other set is adapted and arranged to engage a supporting element such as an I'beam and to support the anchor from such element.

It is usual practice to form the anchors from specially selected clay, i. e., clay sometimes referred to as superduty clay, and is preferably dry pressed to molded or final form. Such clay is then dried and fired to form the refractory anchor to a maximum porosity of not more than 15%. The small or upper end of each anchor is so formed as to provide hanger-engaging shoulders adjacent that end of the anchor. The shoulders are located on opposite sides of the anchor and may be so located that they, in effect, extend the surface of the upper end portion of the hanger.

It is also usual practice to cast a monolithic structure around, and in bonded relationship with one or more anchors. In accomplishing this, one or more anchors equipped with supporting hangers are suspended from a support structure so that the anchors are located in desired relationship within the confines of an open top mold.

Castablematerial is then poured into the mold and around the anchors. The usual procedure is to fill the mold to an extent such that the anchors are totally submerged by the castable material within the mold and the anchor-supporting hangers are partially submerged by the castable material so that the completed cast structure as removed from the mold, includes one or more anchors as an integral part thereof and is equipped with a corresponding number of hangers so arranged that they are capable of being employed as supporting hangers for the monolithic structure. I 7

An object of the :present invention is to produce refractory anchors and hangers therefor which are so formed that the hangers are adapted to support and cooperate with an anchor so that each anchor is firmly positioned 'on its supporting hanger and, while readily movable therefrom, .is so positioned that it resists accidental displacement, and particularly accidental displacement during the operation of pouring castable material varound formed .on .the anchor .and its cooperating hanger .are

inclined to .thelline of gravity .pull through .the center of atetlti ice gravity of the hanger so as to contribute to a relative firm positioning of the anchor on the hanger.

A further object is to produce a combination anchor and supporting hanger therefor in which the anchor is provided on opposite sides thereof with hanger-engaging surfaces which are located between the upper and lower ends of the hanger and which extend at an oblique angle, i. e., an angle other than a right angle, to the major axis of the anchor and in which the cooperating hanger is provided with correspondingly inclined anchor-engaging surfaces, each of which terminates at its lower end in an upright, anchor-engaging stop.

A further object is to provide an elongated anchor in which each of the lateral surfaces thereof converge from the lower to :the upper end of the anchor and inwhich the anchor is provided with two oppositely disposed, parallel, hanger-engaging surfaceswhich are located adjacent to, and on opposite sides of the upper end of the hanger but intermediate the two ends thereof and in which each such hanger-engaging surface is inclined at an angle, other than a right angle, to the major vertical axis of the anchor.

A further object is to provide a support hanger for an anchor in which the anchor-engaging surfaces of the hanger are spaced apart, oppositely disposed, parallel surfaces, inclined to correspond to the inclination of the hanger-engaging surfaces of the cooperating anchor and in which each anchor-engaging surface of the hanger terminates in a vertically extending, anchor-engaging stop which is located at the lower end of the anchor-engaging surface.

These and other objects are attained by means of appara'tus such as illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof.

In the drawings, Figure l is a perspective view of a refractory anchor embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view on an enlarged scale of a metallic or steel hanger which is adapted to support an anchor of my invention and which constitutes a detail of my invention.

Figure 3 is a fragmental sectional view on a somewhat reduced scale, of a hanger supported anchor submerged in castable material included in an open top mold. The anchor-supporting hanger is "in turn supported from an I beam forming a part of a support structure, and is partially submerged by the castable material in the mold.

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the view shown in Figure 3 and in which a side elevation of the anchor and its supporting hanger are illustrated. Figure 5 is a plan view on a reduced scale illustrating an 'open top mold with a support structure located above the mold and with three lines of spaced anchors supported on I beams forming a part of the support structure.

As illustrated the refractory anchor A is an elongated structure in which the upper and lower ends thereof are substantially parallel to each other and in which each of the side surfaces of the structure converge from the 'lower end to the upper end of the hanger. In the illustrated embodiment the anchor is so formed that each of the ends thereof is substantially square and, consequently, the anchor has four lateral and converging surfaces. Each such surface is shown corrugated in the portion thereof intermediate the upper and lower ends of the anchor. This surface contour contributes to or increases the bonding effect between the anchor and the monolithic refractory which is eventually cast around it. As illustrated, hanger-engaging shoulders 5-5 of the anchor are forme'don opposite sides of one end, viz., the :upper end o'fxthe anchor. As shown, the shoulders are formed adjacent the upper :or smaller end of the anchor and lthe upper surface of each shoulder may, if

desired, the so located .as to constitute an extension of the upper surface of the anchor, That is to say, if it is considered that the shoulders --5 are located at the upper end of the anchor, then it may be said that each surface 6 is inclined to the horizontal both transversely and longitudinally and that the longitudinal axis of the anchor is the major vertical axis of the anchor.

As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5, each anchor is adapted to be supported by a hanger H, which in turn is adapted to engage and be supported by an element such as an I beam, which forms a part of a support structure.

As shown in the drawings, each hanger is provided with two sets of spaced, oppositely disposed flanges. One such set includes the parallel flanges 8-8, each of which is a re-entrant flange formed on an upstanding arm 9 which is shown as integrally formed with a cross member 10 forming an integral part of the hanger. The other set of flanges includes the flanges 11-1l which likewise are re-entrant, spaced, oppositely disposed flanges extending parallel to each other. Each such flange 11 is shown as formed at what may be referred to as the lower end of a separate member 12 which depends from the cross member 10. As shown in Figures 2 and 4, each flange 11 extends lengthwise of the member 12 and across the hanger at an angle to the cross member 10.

That is to say, when the hanger is supported by its flanges 8 and in turn supports an anchor, one end of each flange 11 of the hanger is elevated above the other end and each anchor-engaging surface thereof is adapted to engage and support a surface 6 of the anchor substantially throughout the entire extent of that surface. The lower end of each of the inclined flanges 11 termimates in an upstanding lug or stop 13 which forms an integral part of the hanger and which is adapted to engage a lateral face of one of the shoulders 5 formed on the anchor. Thus from the disclosure it is apparent that the hanger-engaging surface of each shoulder 5 is located on the side of the shoulder farthest from the upper end of the anchor, i. e., is located intermediate the ends of the anchor and extends in a substantially straight line throughout the longitudinal length of the shoulder. Each such surface is inclined to the vertical axis of the anchor, both transversely and longitudinally of the shoulder so that each such surface extends at an angle other than a right angle to the horizontal when the anchor is suspended from a hanger. It should also be noted that each such surface is inclined to the vertical axis of the anchor which extends in the direction of gravity pull exerted on the anchor when the same is suspended from a hanger.

In each of Figures 3 and 4 an anchor A is shown associated with, and supported by a hanger H. The flanges 11 of the hanger are in supporting engagement with the shoulders 5 of the anchor and in contact with the inclined surfaces 6 of the shoulders. The flanges 8 of the hanger are showe in supported engagement with an I beam 14. The I beam may form a part of a support structure 15 such as is shown in Figure 5.

As shown in Figure 5 the support structure 15 consists of a rectangular frame portion which is adapted to be mounted above and adjacent to an open top, rectangular mold 16. The frame portion of the structure 15 is shown in Figure 5 as having parallel I beams 14 secured thereto and extending in parallel relationship lengthwise thereof. Each I beam is shown as supporting a number of spaced anchors A by means of hangers H secured to the anchors, it being understood that the flanges 8 of the anchors are in supported engagement with the lower flange of an I beam 14.

In accordance with usual procedure the mold 16 is adapted to receive castable material 16a which is poured into the open top of the mold around, and in intimate contact with the anchors A suspended within the mold. The castable material 16a within the mold is also in inti mate contact with and surrounds a substantial portion of each anchor-supporting hanger H which is'supported 4 above the mold. Under such conditions, each anchor A as embedded in and forms a part of the monolithic strut: ture formed within the mold 16. It is also apparent that the portion of each hanger H which extends into the confines of the mold is embedded in and, consequently,

is secured to the monolithic structure formed within the mold. As previously set forth, this procedure is old and well known and will not be further described except to note that because of the cooperating inclined surfaces 6 of the shoulders 5 and of the flanges 11, each anchor is firmly positioned on the shoulder-engaging flanges 11 of a hanger by reason of the fact that a lateral surface thereof is also engaged by the upstanding stops or lugs 13 formed as a part of each hanger. As a result of the inclination of the cooperating supporting surfaces of the shoulders 5 and the flanges 11 and also the positioning of the stops 13, there is little chance of accidental displacement of the anchor with relation to its supporting hanger after it is properly positioned on the hanger. Thus, while each anchor A may be readily removed from engagement with its cooperating hanger H, the coopera tion between the flanges 1111 of the hanger, the inclined surfaces 66 of the anchor and the stops 13 of the hanger, firmly position the anchor on its supporting hanger and prevent accidental displacement of the anchor with relation to its hanger.

It should be noted that the hanger support members 14 are often formed as an integral part of the mold structure. That is to say, they are supported on the upper edges of the mold and are generally secured to the end walls of the mold. It will also be apparent that these hanger support members need not be in the form of I beams, although it is usual to employ such beams as hanger supports. The usual and preferred procedure is to form the mold structure with both an open top and an open bottom. In addition, the dimensions of the anchors A and the hangers H are generally such that the bottom or plane face of the anchor is located in the plane defined by the lower edges of the open bottom mold structure. Under such conditions the mold structure with the hangers and anchors in place thereon may be set on a flat structure such as a flat platform which then functions as the bottom of the mold. With such an arrangement the castable material delivered to the mold structure and around the anchors will not flow under the anchors. In addition, the castable material is often so delivered to the mold structure that the upper surface of that material is substantially in line with the upper surface of the anchors supported in the mold structure. I note these variations in procedure merely for the purpose of stressing the fact that the actual procedure of forming the cast structure around the anchors A forms no part of the present invention.

While I have illustrated and described but one embodiment of my invention, it will be apparent that various changes, additions and omissions may be made in the apparatus illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claim.

What I claim is:

The combination of a refractory anchor and the supporting hanger therefor, consisting of an elongated anchor converging from the lower end thereof toward the upper end thereof and having two oppositely disposed laterally projecting hanger-engaging shoulders formed adjacent the upper end thereof, with the hanger-engaging surface of each such shoulder extending longitudinally of the shoulder at an angle to the horizontal and located intermediate the ends of the anchor; and a metallic hanger for said anchor having two re-entrant, oppositely disposed, spaced support-engaging flanges formed at one end thereof and two re-entrant, oppositely disposed spaced anchor-engaging flanges formed at the other end thereof, each such flange extending lengthwise at an angle to the horizontal corresponding to the angle of the hanger-en- 6 Homolya Apr. 29, 1949 Forsyth Nov. 3, 1953 Phelps Mar. 19, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS Germany Dec. 10, 1953 Great Britain Aug. 1, 1951