US2804646A - Wet spinning apparatus - Google Patents

Wet spinning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2804646A
US2804646A US365711A US36571153A US2804646A US 2804646 A US2804646 A US 2804646A US 365711 A US365711 A US 365711A US 36571153 A US36571153 A US 36571153A US 2804646 A US2804646 A US 2804646A
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United States
Prior art keywords
spinneret
viscose
coagulation liquid
spinning
thread
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US365711A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gonsalves Victor Emanuel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzona Inc
Original Assignee
American Enka Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US2804646A publication Critical patent/US2804646A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for the jet spinning of viscose rayon.
  • the invention relates to a novel method and apparatus for the manufacture of artificial threads, fibers and similar products by a procedure wherein a bundle of viscose jets or filaments emerging from a spinneret having a multiplicity of holes in the bottom, is coagulated and at least partially decomposed by means of suitable coagulation liquids, such as acid-containing salt baths.
  • the method according to the present invention is characterized in that the thread, formed by a multiplicity of filaments, is spun from a spinneret freely suspended with the spinning holes downward.
  • An adjustable amount of coagulation liquid is fed in concentric relation and parallel to the direction of flow of viscose to the face of the spinneret, whereby the coagulation liquid envelopes the multi-filarnent thread like a sheath, and in this form is carried downwardly by the thread, whereupon the resulting thread is aftertreated or wound, or both, in any well known way.
  • the coagulation liquid is supplied to the face of the spinneret by means of a jacket surrounding the viscose supply cylinder or tube to which the spinneret is attached so that the flow of coagulant is parallel to the direction of flow of the viscose, and whereby the coagulation liquid is directed near the spinneretface towards the spinning holes. In this way the coagulation liquid is uniformly spread over the surface of the freely suspended spinneret holder, and in this way may be fed to the spinneret face.
  • the thread is advanced on leaving the spinneret by means of a suitably driven drawing-off roller, and is subsequently stretched.
  • the apparatus according to the invention comprising generally a viscose supply cylinder, a spinneret holder with a spinneret provided with many, e. g., several dozen, spinning holes, and a supply device for the coagulation liquid, is characterized in that the viscose supply cylinder is placed vertically, or almost vertically, the spinneret holder is connected with the lower end of the viscose supply cylinder while it is freely suspended, the spinneret is placed with the spinning holes downward, and in that the supply device for the coagulation liquid is so constructed that, during spinning, the coagulation liquid envelopes the thread, consisting of many filaments, like a sheath.
  • the supply device for the coagulation liquid is preferably so constructed as to provide concentric access of the coagulation liquid at all sides of the spinneret bottom.
  • a particularly desirable embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in atent "ice that it consists of a vessel for pressurizing the coagulation liquid provided with a supply pipe, which vessel is narrowed at the lower end, and of a vertical supply cylinder for the viscose, going through the vessel just mentioned, which device is connected liquid-tight with the upper end of the vessel for the coagulation liquid, whereby the narrowing at the lower end of the vessel for the coagulation liquid surrounds the supply cylinder for the viscose with an annular gap in such a way that the coagulation liquid can flow to the spinneret bottom over the thus-provided guiding surface.
  • suitable centering members be included in the apparatus.
  • the surface constituted by the viscose supply cylinder and/or the spinneret holder for guiding the coagulation liquid be smooth and cylindricalbefore, in and after the aforesaid annular gap. This is brought about by a smooth transition of the spinneret holder into the viscose supply cylinder on which the holder may be screwed, or by the employment of a hat-shaped spinneret of which the cylindrical part is of such a length that the connecting parts communicating with the viscose supply cylinder in the inside of the coagulation liquid vessel are above the annular gap.
  • the outer diameter of the cylindrical spinneret holder be greater than the spinneret face diameter, and that at the place of the spinneret face there be a smooth bridging over or transition of this difference in diameters.
  • edge of the narrowing at the lower side of the coagulation liquid vessel is formed conically in such a way as to give a sharp inward edge. This promotes the easy release of the liquid on leaving the supply device.
  • Figure 1 shows a detailed embodiment of the invention in vertical section
  • Figure 2 is a modified form also in vertical section.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically the path of the thread in the spinning device according to the present invention, from the spinneret to a winding device.
  • 1 denotes a viscose supply cylinder provided at the lower end with a spinneret holder 2 and a flat spinneret 3 provided with a number of spinning holes.
  • the supply cylinder or tube 1 for the viscose is provided with a conically narrowed spinneret holder 2.
  • the outer surface of the holder 2 serves for guiding the coagulation liquid.
  • a jacket 8 for this coagulation liquid Surrounding the tube 1 is a jacket 8 for this coagulation liquid.
  • jacket 8 Surrounding the tube 1 is a jacket 8 for this coagulation liquid.
  • jacket 8 is closed with a stopper 9 provided with a hole for the tube 1.
  • the lower end of the jacket 8 is a cone 10, which may be afiixed to the tube by means of a screw thread.
  • annular gap 11 Between the lower end of the cone 10 and the tube 1 there is an annular gap 11, through which the coagulation liquid flows uniformly around the outer surface of the spinneret holder 2 down to the spinneret 3.
  • the viscose supply cylinder 1 may be so adjusted by means of set screws 12 that the gap 11 has an equal width at all points.
  • a reservoir 13 is placed, which surrounds the jacket 8.
  • Through inlets 14 the coagulation liquid is supplied via an overflow cylinder 15 and holes 16 in the jacket 8.
  • the excess liquid is drained ofi from the cylinder 15 through an overflow pipe 17.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment that is essentially the same as that of Figure 1.
  • the viscose supply tube 1 is cylindrical over its entire length but at its lower end the cylindrical spinneret holder 2 is screwed on to it.
  • the packing 18 Between the lower end of the tube 1 and the spinneret holder 2 is the packing 18.
  • the supply pipe 14 for the coagulation liquid is directly connected with the jacket 8.
  • the cone 10 is screwed onto the tube 8, and ends in a ring 19, which surrounds the spinneret holder 2, but does not reach to its lower end.
  • the ring 19 is so ground at its lower end that it has a sharp edge at the inner side thereof.
  • a washer 20 is provided, while centering 'members 21 are provided therein for correctly centering 24 serves for sealing the tube 1 passing through the reduced upper end 22 of the jacket 8.
  • the measures heretofore described in connection with the two embodiments of the invention serve the purpose of satisfactorily guiding the coagulation liquid to the spinneret in'a uniform manner. A high pressure on the coagulation liquid, or a high squirting velocity, is avoided.
  • the amount of coagulation liquid can be readily adjusted and it is only necessary that such an amount be supplied that all the viscose filaments are enveloped and are adhesively combined into one whole.
  • the coagulation liquid envelopes the whole in the manner of a sheath, and a complete coagulation and at least a partial decomposition are thereby brought about.
  • a second bath may be employed to decompose the viscose further, or the thread may be led through a hot stretching bath whereby the partially decomposed viscose is completely converted into cellulose hydrate by means of heat or by the combined action of heat and acid.
  • the freshly set thread takes with it so much coagulation liquid as is supplied.
  • the new thread in contrast with the present day threads spun at a very high drawing-otf speed, has, during the first part of the spinning path, and at any rate before the after-stretching, a constitution unaffected by premature overstretching, which, as is generally known, is not to be expected when employing spinning baths properly so called, however small their lengths, e. g. a few cm.
  • any viscose hitherto considered workable may be spun.
  • the requirements in respect of maturity or temperature or other viscose properties are no different from those met with in the hitherto known methods for the manufacture of viscose rayon.
  • All coagulation baths are suitable, such as the conventional Muller baths as well as those with special compositions adapted to special purposes.
  • high-acid spinning baths allow of a higher primary drawing-01f speed than low-acid baths which less rapidly coagulate and decompose the cellulose Xanthate.
  • the amount of coagulation liquid is adjusted to conform to the spinning conditions, according to the coagulating and decomposing properties of the coagulation liquid itselflthe properties of the viscose, the titre of the threadto be spun, the primary drawing-0E speed, etc.
  • the artificial threads obtained according to the method of the present invention are, inspite of the abnormally high primary drawing-off speed, of excellent quality.
  • Viscose rayon threads of all common types may be spun, e. g. 15- -20 denier, -120 denier, and finally 1000-1500 denier, which are especially useful in the manufacture of automobile tire fabrics.
  • the viscose supply line 1 can easily be displaced axially in the jacket 8 and, as a consequence, the distance between the spinneret 3 and the outlet for the coagulation liquid can easily be adjusted at will.
  • the connection between the line 1 and the vessel'or jacket 8 is not entirely stiif or rigid, and yet it is still possible to lead the coagulation liquid under pressure into the coagulation liquid vessel.
  • the outlet of the empty coagulation liquid vessel is closed, and the vessel filled with water. Then the viscose supply cylinder is opened so that the viscose passes through the spinning holes and the water in the vessel is gradually replaced by the coagulation liquid proper.
  • the godet 26 imparted a small stretch of about 3% to the thread.
  • the stretching roller 2'7 stretched the thread with respect to the primary draw-oft of roller 25 about 30%, so that the final titre of the thread was 110 denier.
  • the viscose as spun had a cellulose content of 7.3%, an alkali content of 6.8% and a maturity of 11 Hottenroth.
  • a spinneret was used having 40 holes, each of 70 microns.
  • the coagulation liquid contained per litre 110 g. of sulphuric acid, 175 g. of sodium sulphate, 40 g. of magnesium sulphate, and 8 g. of Zinc sulphate.
  • the liquid temperature was 70 C.
  • the amount of coagulation liquid taken along With the thread from the spinneret was adjusted to about 225 cm. /min.
  • Apparatus for the jet spinning of artificial threads from viscose comprising an elongated cylinder through which viscose is supplied, a tubular spinneret holder secured to one end of said cylinder, the outer surface of said spinneret holder forming a smooth extension of the outer surface of said cylinder, a flat spinneret having a plurality of holes mounted in the end of said spinneret holder, an elongated jacket surrounding said cylinder in spaced relationship and extending over a portion thereof, means at one end of said jacket for closing the space between the cylinder and jacket, means secured to and defining the other end of said jacket for restricting the space between the jacket and cylinder and for forming an annular gap through which coagulating liquid uniformly flows at a point remote from the face of the spinneret, means-adjacent the closed end of said jacket for supplying coagulating liquid to the space between the jacket and cylinder and adjustable means for spacing the jacket concentrically with respect to the cylinder, whereby the coagulating
  • An apparatus for jet spinning as set forth in claim 1 wherein the means for supplying coagulating liquid comprises a reservoir which surrounds said jaacket.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US365711A 1952-08-04 1953-07-02 Wet spinning apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2804646A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2804646X 1952-08-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2804646A true US2804646A (en) 1957-09-03

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US365711A Expired - Lifetime US2804646A (en) 1952-08-04 1953-07-02 Wet spinning apparatus

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US (1) US2804646A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL171609B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5866251A (en) * 1992-10-16 1999-02-02 Eridania Beghin-Say Device and process for the production of fibrious starch materials

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE168830C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1904-06-20
GB394049A (en) * 1932-01-26 1933-06-22 Leonard Joseph Shone Improvements in and relating to the production of artificial fibres, horse-hair and the like
US2510135A (en) * 1947-08-25 1950-06-06 American Viscose Corp Method for spinning artificial filaments

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE168830C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1904-06-20
GB394049A (en) * 1932-01-26 1933-06-22 Leonard Joseph Shone Improvements in and relating to the production of artificial fibres, horse-hair and the like
US2510135A (en) * 1947-08-25 1950-06-06 American Viscose Corp Method for spinning artificial filaments

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5866251A (en) * 1992-10-16 1999-02-02 Eridania Beghin-Say Device and process for the production of fibrious starch materials

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Publication number Publication date
NL171609B (nl)
NL92275C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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