US2799489A - Apparatus for heat treating bulk material - Google Patents

Apparatus for heat treating bulk material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2799489A
US2799489A US412035A US41203554A US2799489A US 2799489 A US2799489 A US 2799489A US 412035 A US412035 A US 412035A US 41203554 A US41203554 A US 41203554A US 2799489 A US2799489 A US 2799489A
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United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
bulk material
hopper
shaft furnace
annular
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Expired - Lifetime
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US412035A
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English (en)
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Rusche Hans
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2016—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/30—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
    • C04B7/44—Burning; Melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
    • F26B17/1433—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, having internal members or bodies for guiding, mixing or agitating the material, e.g. imposing a zig-zag movement onto the material
    • F26B17/1441—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, having internal members or bodies for guiding, mixing or agitating the material, e.g. imposing a zig-zag movement onto the material the members or bodies being stationary, e.g. fixed panels, baffles, grids, the position of which may be adjustable
    • F26B17/145—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, having internal members or bodies for guiding, mixing or agitating the material, e.g. imposing a zig-zag movement onto the material the members or bodies being stationary, e.g. fixed panels, baffles, grids, the position of which may be adjustable consisting of non-perforated panels or baffles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to apparatus for the heat treatment, for example, drying, calcining, burning or sintering, of bulk material, in pieces or in granulated form, such as chalk, dolomite, cement, ore or the like. 7
  • the carrying out of the heat treatment in a' shaft furnace and in a subsequent finishing furnace enables the process to be carried out in a particularly economical fashion by making full size, in the shaft furnace; of the heat of the waste gases from the finishing furnace. Furthermore, particularly in the calcination of limestone, a uniformly calcined end product can be obtained, if the preheating in the shaft furnace is carried out at a temperature which is preferably above the dissociation temperature of the limestone, whilst the final heating takes place at a temperature which is only slightly above the dissociation temperature of the carbonate, i. e. at a temperature which can be exactly controlled in the finishing furnace.
  • the heat treatment in the finishing furnace may be' carried out with a comparatively minor amount of oxygen, i. e. an. amount only sufiicient for effecting the final treatment, whereas the preheating of the material in the shaft furnace may be effected with the waste gases from a rotary tubular furnace until the Patented July 16, 1957 commencement of the sintering or the point at which the bulk material ceases to lose its fluent nature.
  • Different fuels suited to the respective furnaces, may be used in the shaft and finishing furnaces, and the waste gases leaving the finishing furnace can be additionally heated before entering the shaft furnace. Furthermore, it is of advantage to supply the waste gases from the finishing furnace to the annular outlet from the shaft furnace through a supply channel which is directly connected to the finishing furnace.
  • the novel apparatus of this invention comprising an annular shaft furnace having a discharge ring, a finishing furnace beneath the annular discharge outlet from the shaft furnace and above the discharge ring, consequently has an annular space through which the gas flowing out of the finishing furnace is uniformly distributed into the shaft furnace in order to fiow upwardly through the latter.
  • the discharge ring is preferably freely mounted over a hopper which guides the material dropping from the ring to the finishing furnace.
  • This hopper may be provided with radial supporting brackets which carry the discharge ring, the waste gases leaving the finishing furnace passing in counterflow through the material in the hopper.
  • either the hopper is provided for rotation relatively to the stationary annular shaft furnace or the latter, or its outer casing, is rotatable and the hopper fixed.
  • the annular channel for receiving and distributing the waste gases from the finishing furnace, which is arranged beneath the outlet from the shaft furnace, may be directly connected to the finshing furnace, passing round the hopper in so doing.
  • Figure l is a longitudinal section through an annular shaft furnace having an adjoining rotatable hopper.
  • Figure 2 shows apparatus similar to Figure 1 with an adjoining rotary tubular furnace, this view being taken from the side and having a part in section.
  • Figure 3 shows a rotary annular shaft furnace with an adjoining hopper, this also being in the form of a longitudinal section.
  • Figure 4 shows an apparatus similar to that of Figure 3 with an adjoining shaft furnace, partly in section.
  • Figure 5 shows the lower part of a hopper and the adjoining combustion chamber
  • Figure 6 shows an annular shaft furnace with a downwardly extended furnace core, a rotatable hopper and an annular channel directly connected to an adjoining rotary tubular furnace, the parts being seen in longitudinal section, and
  • Figure 7 shows a similar arrangement but with a fixed furnace core and hopper and a rotatable casing for the shaft furnace, again in longitudinal section.
  • the furnace 2 is provided with an annular discharge outlet 7 below which is arranged a hopper 8 having radial supporting webs 9 carrying a discharge ring 1% which has a wedge-form protuberance 11.
  • the discharge ring is so arranged that a free annular space 12 remains between the outer casing of the hopper 8 and this discharge ring, so that the material issuing from the outlet of the shaft furnace falls partly through this annular free space and partly through the inner opening 13 of the discharge ring and thence into the hopper 8.
  • the waste gases from a finishing furnace 2-4 (see Figure 2) pass in countercurrent to the material 14 in the direction of the arrows and in part pass through the inner opening 13 of the discharge ring and partly through the annular space 12 below the furnace discharge opening 7, to pass thence uniformly into the shaft furnace so as to ascend through this and to leave it through an outlet 15.
  • the hopper 8 is provided with brackets 16 by means of which it carries wheels 17 which are mounted so as to revolve on a circular rail 18.
  • the rotation of the hopper is efiected from a motor 19 through a spur pinion 20 which engages with the toothed periphery 21 on the hopper 8.
  • the latter is fluid-tightly sealed to the shaft furnace and to the finishing furnace by sand or water seals, such 'as shown at 22.
  • the material falling from the hopper 8 passes, as shown in Figure 2, through a pipe connection 23 into a rotary tubular finishing furnace 24.
  • the apparatus illustrated in Figure 3 generally corresponds in its construction to that described in connection with Figure 1, but in this case, the hopper 25 has brackets 27 which are fixedly seated on the supporting base 23.
  • the annular shaft furnace 2 is rotatable relatively to this fixed hopper, the brackets of the furnace casing 3 carrying wheels 29 running on a circular track 3%).
  • the shaft furnace 2 is further provided with a toothed crown 31 with which engages a spur wheel 32 driven by a motor 33.
  • a rotary tubular furnace or, as illustrated in Figure 4 a further annular shaft furnace 34 with an outlet 35', can be used as a finishing furnace for preheating the gases for the shaft furnace 2 and, if appropriate, for effecting completion of the heat treatment of the material 14.
  • the hopper 25, and its radial supporting webs 26, may lead to a combustion chamber 36 in which the waste gases ascending from the finishing furnace are heated. This heating is effected by burners 36 which are connected to an annular channel 38 and are controlled by valves 39.
  • the core 40 of the shaft furnace is provided at its lower end with a conical projection 41 having a cone angle such as to provide the desired inclination to the fluent material.
  • a rotary tubular furnace 24 has been illustrated as the finishing furnace, this being by way of example.
  • the waste gases ascending from this are introduced directly into an annular channel 43 through a conduit 4-2, the inner boundary of the channel 43 being formed by the layer of material which flows over the conical projection 41..
  • the gases pass through this layer of material from all sides and uniformly into the annular shaft furnace 2, flow upwardly therethrough and leave through the outlet 15.
  • the hopper 8 is rotatably mounted in a similar way to that used in the embodiment of Figure 1, the discharge ring it) carried by the hopper 8 being arranged beneath an annular gap 44 into which the material loosened from the conical projection 41 falls.
  • the hopper 45 is fixed and has brackets 46 which carry the core 47 of the furnace with its conical projection 48 and the discharge ring 49.
  • the furnace casing 50 is rotatable relatively to these immobile parts, brackets 51 mounted on the casing carrying wheels 52 turning on a circular track 53.
  • the furnace casing is rotated by means of a motor 54 operating a pinion 55 meshing with a toothed crown 56.
  • the annular shaft furnace, the discharge ring, the adjoining hopper, and the other parts leading to the finishing furnace are preferably made of refractory material or are lined With such material, for example fireclay.
  • Apparatus for heat treating bulk material comprising an annular shaft furnace for prcliminary heat treatment of said bulk material; a finishing furnace to which said preheated bulk material is fed for final treatment therein, said finishing furnace being a rotary furnace; said shaft furnace having an annular outer casing and a furnace core defining an annular shaft furnace space therebetween, in which the bulk material is preliminarily treated by gases entering through the lower open end of said annular space and flowing upwardly in counter current to the flow of the bulk material; a discharge ring concentrically arranged to the axis of said shaft furnace and at a distance from said lower open end, said discharge ring serving as support for the column of bulk material descending by gravity through said annular shaft furnace space; means for conducting said gases from said finishing furnace to a space surrounding the exposed surface of that portion of said bulk material column disposed between said lower open end and said discharge ring; means for effecting relative movement between said discharge ring and at least one of the two parts defining said annular shaft furnace space; a substantially funnel shaped
  • annular discharge ring is provided with a circular protrusion of wedge shaped cross section to facilitate division of discharged material into said two streams.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized by cans for heating the gases leaving the finishing furnace and prior to their introduction into the shaft furnace.
  • Apparatus for heat treating bulk material comprising an annular shaft furnace for preliminary heat treatment of said bulk material; a finishing furnace to which said pretreated bulk material is fed for final treatment therein, said finishing furnace being a rotary furnace; said shaft furnace having an annular outer casing and a substantially cylindrical furnace core portion provided at its lower end with an outwardly diverging'conical surface, said casing and said core portion defining an annular shaft furnace space therebetween in which the bulk material is preliminarily treated by gases entering through the lower open end of said annular space and flowing upwardly in counter current to the flow of the bulk material; a discharge ring concentrically arranged to the axis of said shaft furnace and at a distance from said lower open end, said discharge ring serving as a support for the column of bulk mate- .rial moving through said annular shaft furnace space and along said conical core surface; means for conducting gases from said finishing furnace to a space surrounding the exposed surface of that portion of said bulk material column resting on said conical core surface; means for effecting relative movement
  • annular discharge ring is provided with a circular protrusion of wedge shaped cross section to facilitate division of discharged material into said two streams.
  • Apparatus for heat treating bulk material comprising an annular shaft furnace for preliminary heat treatment of said bulk material; a finishing furnace to which said pretreated bulk material is fed for final treatment therein, said finishing furnace being a second annular shaft furnace concentrically located below said first mentioned annular shaft furnace; said first mentioned shaft furnace having an annular outer casing and a furnace core defining an annular shaft furnace space therebetween in which the bulk material is preliminarily treated by gases entering through the lower open end of said annular space and flowing upwardly in counter current to the descending bulk material column; a discharge ring concentrically arranged to the axis of said shaft furnace and at a distance from said lower open end, said discharge ring serving as support for the column of bulk material descending by gravity through said annular shaft furnace space; means for conducting gases from said finishing furnace to a space surrounding the exposed surface of that portion of said bulk material column disposed between said lower open end and said discharge ring; means for effecting relative movement between said discharge ring and at least one of the two parts defining said annular
  • conduit means connected to the lower end of said hopper through which said prelimi- 6 narily treated bulk material passes into said finishing furnace.
  • Apparatus according to claim 9 characterized by means for heating the gases leaving the second shaft furnace prior to their introduction into said first mentioned shaft furnace.
  • Apparatus for heat treating bulk material comprising an annular shaft furnace for preliminary heat treatment of said bulk material; a finishing furnace to which said pretreated bulk material is fed for final treatment therein, said finishing furnace being a rotary furnace; said shaft furnace having an annular rotatably mounted outer casing and a substantially cylindrical furnace core portion provided at its lower end with an outwardly diverging conical surface, said casing and said core portion defining an annular shaft furnace space therebetween in which the bulk material is preliminarily treated by gases entering through the lower open end of said annular space and flowing upwardly in counter current to the flow of the bulk material; a discharge ring connected to the lower end of said conical core portion, said discharge ring serving as a support for the column of bulk material descending by gravity through said annular shaft furnace space and along said conical core surface; means for conducting gases from said finishing furnace to a space surrounding the exposed surface of that portion of said bulk material column resting on said conical core section; a substantially funnel shaped discharge hopper located below said discharge ring and fast

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
US412035A 1953-02-21 1954-02-23 Apparatus for heat treating bulk material Expired - Lifetime US2799489A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2945687A (en) * 1956-05-16 1960-07-19 Ass Portland Cement Apparatus for the manufacture of port-land cement, lime and the like
US3331595A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-07-18 Ass Portland Cement Apparatus for effecting contact between solids and gases
US3832128A (en) * 1973-07-11 1974-08-27 Fuller Co Process and apparatus for preheating solid particulate materials
US3860224A (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-01-14 Eveleth Taconite Company Apparatus for use in pelletizing ore
US3872606A (en) * 1973-11-26 1975-03-25 George E Kashul Turntable feeder and cooler apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1195658B (de) * 1956-05-16 1965-06-24 Ass Portland Cement Waermeaustausch-Vorrichtung mit einer um ihre Laengsachse drehbaren, ringfoermigen Schachtkammer

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US341035A (en) * 1886-05-04 Ore-roasting furnace
US1605279A (en) * 1922-07-05 1926-11-02 Robert D Pike Method of calcining and clinkering cement-forming materials
US1957138A (en) * 1929-12-30 1934-05-01 Firm G Polysius Ag Apparatus for treating cement slurry and the like

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US341035A (en) * 1886-05-04 Ore-roasting furnace
US1605279A (en) * 1922-07-05 1926-11-02 Robert D Pike Method of calcining and clinkering cement-forming materials
US1957138A (en) * 1929-12-30 1934-05-01 Firm G Polysius Ag Apparatus for treating cement slurry and the like

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2945687A (en) * 1956-05-16 1960-07-19 Ass Portland Cement Apparatus for the manufacture of port-land cement, lime and the like
US3331595A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-07-18 Ass Portland Cement Apparatus for effecting contact between solids and gases
US3832128A (en) * 1973-07-11 1974-08-27 Fuller Co Process and apparatus for preheating solid particulate materials
US3860224A (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-01-14 Eveleth Taconite Company Apparatus for use in pelletizing ore
US3872606A (en) * 1973-11-26 1975-03-25 George E Kashul Turntable feeder and cooler apparatus

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SU972203A1 (ru) Устройство дл подогрева и частичного кальцинировани кугкового материала