US279840A - Gael a - Google Patents
Gael a Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US279840A US279840A US279840DA US279840A US 279840 A US279840 A US 279840A US 279840D A US279840D A US 279840DA US 279840 A US279840 A US 279840A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- retort
- quicksilver
- pipe
- condenser
- fumes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
- C22B21/0053—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from other aluminium compounds
- C22B21/0061—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from other aluminium compounds using metals, e.g. Hg or Mn
Definitions
- the quicksilver is distilled by heat only, and the cpiicksilver-fumes are forced out of the retort by their own pressure.
- the c0ndensation is effected by a Liebig cooler.
- the disadvantages of this system are, first, that at the end of the retorting the retort must remain filled with quicksilver-fumes; second, that it takes a'high temperature and a long time to remove all the quicksilver from the bullion; third, that the condensed quicksilver contains a large percentage of black slum, which is merely quicksilver in a very finely divided state.
- My invention consists in forcing the quicksilver-fumes out of the retort by means of a steam-blast, condensing steam and quicksilver together, and constantly circulating a stream of air through the retort and condenser.
- Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the apparatus which I use in carrying out my invention.
- Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the condenser.
- the letter A in the drawings designates a cast-iron retort of the usual form, which is set into a fire-place of customary construction.
- the retort connects, by means of the pipe M, with the condenser G.
- This condenser is a box made of boiler-iron, which is perforated by numerous tubes, E, like a tubular boiler, in order to give the condenser a large cooling-surface.
- the condenser. is divided into several compartments by the partitions D.
- F is a steam-blast, which creates a uction or vacuum in the retort A.
- This pipe is connected with the retort A by passing through an opening in the cover B hence the same air which was originally in the retort and condenser keeps in constant circulation.
- the base metals in the amalgam as soon as the retort gets red hot, absorb the oxygen of the air, and finally leave only a nitrogen atmosphere, by which a possible oxidation of the quicksilver is prevented.
- the quicksilver and condensed water accumulate in the condenser, each one up to a certain level and then run out in a continuous stream through the pipes Q and W.
- the pipe G is connected, by means of a T- connection,with the pipe H,which is open at the end.
- the object of this pipe is to equalize the pressure caused by the expansion of the air inside of the retort at the beginning of the operation, and the falling off of quicksilver fumes in the retort at the end of the operation.
- the condenser (l is surrounded by the box I, which is supplied with cold water through the pipe K, and has an outlet for the warm water through the pipe L.
- the water is made to circulate through the tubes E.
- the operation of the retort is as l'ollows viz: The retort A is charged with amalgam and closed by the cover B in the usual way. Then the pipe G is connected with the retort through the openin inlhe cover B. The fireis started, and as soon the retort gets warm the steam blast F is turned 011. As soon as the quicksilver commences to run, the fire is kept very low, the distillation going on very rapidly. ⁇ Vhen the quicksilver runs light, the heat is increased. After the quicksilver ceases to run, the steam-blast is kept in operation for half an hour longer, in order to draw from the retort every trace of quicksilver-fumes. The cover of the retort can then be removed without the slightest risk while the retort is still hot.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
(No Model.)
' 0. A. STETEFELDT.
RETORTING AMALGAM.
PatentedJune 19,1883.
wwm mm wwww BY 14 m4, SZZ ATTORNEYS WITNESSES: @ca WM UNITED STATES CARL A. STETEFELDT,
on NEW YORK, N. Y.
RETORTING AMALQAM.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 279,840, dated June 19, 1883. Application filed November 2, 1852. (N0 model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CARL A..STETEFELDT, a citizen of Germany, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Retorting Amalgams, of which the followingis a specification.
In the present method of retorting amalgam the quicksilver is distilled by heat only, and the cpiicksilver-fumes are forced out of the retort by their own pressure. The c0ndensation is effected by a Liebig cooler. The disadvantages of this system are, first, that at the end of the retorting the retort must remain filled with quicksilver-fumes; second, that it takes a'high temperature and a long time to remove all the quicksilver from the bullion; third, that the condensed quicksilver contains a large percentage of black slum, which is merely quicksilver in a very finely divided state.
My invention consists in forcing the quicksilver-fumes out of the retort by means of a steam-blast, condensing steam and quicksilver together, and constantly circulating a stream of air through the retort and condenser.
'The effect is as follows, viz: At the end of each retorting no quicksilver-fumes are left in the retort. The retortingis done in less time and at alower tem )erature. The condensed quicksilvf ddefs' newton 3111 a trace of the black slum mentioned above.
This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the apparatus which I use in carrying out my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the condenser.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
The letter A in the drawings designates a cast-iron retort of the usual form, which is set into a fire-place of customary construction. The retort connects, by means of the pipe M, with the condenser G. This condenser is a box made of boiler-iron, which is perforated by numerous tubes, E, like a tubular boiler, in order to give the condenser a large cooling-surface. The condenser. is divided into several compartments by the partitions D.
F is a steam-blast, which creates a uction or vacuum in the retort A. In consequence of this suction the quicksilver-fumes and air pipe G. This pipe is connected with the retort A by passing through an opening in the cover B hence the same air which was originally in the retort and condenser keeps in constant circulation. The base metals in the amalgam, as soon as the retort gets red hot, absorb the oxygen of the air, and finally leave only a nitrogen atmosphere, by which a possible oxidation of the quicksilver is prevented. The quicksilver and condensed water accumulate in the condenser, each one up to a certain level and then run out in a continuous stream through the pipes Q and W.
The pipe G is connected, by means of a T- connection,with the pipe H,which is open at the end. The object of this pipe is to equalize the pressure caused by the expansion of the air inside of the retort at the beginning of the operation, and the falling off of quicksilver fumes in the retort at the end of the operation.
The condenser (l is surrounded by the box I, which is supplied with cold water through the pipe K, and has an outlet for the warm water through the pipe L. The water is made to circulate through the tubes E.
The operation of the retort is as l'ollows viz: The retort A is charged with amalgam and closed by the cover B in the usual way. Then the pipe G is connected with the retort through the openin inlhe cover B. The fireis started, and as soon the retort gets warm the steam blast F is turned 011. As soon as the quicksilver commences to run, the fire is kept very low, the distillation going on very rapidly. \Vhen the quicksilver runs light, the heat is increased. After the quicksilver ceases to run, the steam-blast is kept in operation for half an hour longer, in order to draw from the retort every trace of quicksilver-fumes. The cover of the retort can then be removed without the slightest risk while the retort is still hot.
\Vhat I claim as new, and desire toseeure by Letters Patent, is
1. The within-described process for retorting amalgam, consisting in exposing the amalgam 2 a7 a'sao to heat. sufficient to cause the quicksilver to run, 7 7 then mixing the quicksilver-fumes with steam, and finally condensing simultaneously the mixed fumes and steam.
2. The Within-described process for retorting quicksilver, consisting in exposing the fumes with steam, and finally condensing simultaneously the mixed fumes and steam.
4. The combination of the retort A and the condenser O, united by the pipe M, with the air-circulating pipe G, connecting the retort and condenser, and a steam-blast arranged in the pipe M, the Whole arranged to operate substantially as shown and described.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
CARL A. STETEFELDT. [.L. s.]
W'itnesses: 7
W. HAUFF, W 'E. F. KAsTENHUBER.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US279840A true US279840A (en) | 1883-06-19 |
Family
ID=2349057
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US279840D Expired - Lifetime US279840A (en) | Gael a |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US279840A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2810667A (en) * | 1952-10-14 | 1957-10-22 | Siemens Ag | Process for heat-treating metals in a space containing a non-oxidizing protective gas atmosphere |
| US2832810A (en) * | 1954-03-02 | 1958-04-29 | American Cyanamid Co | Separation of mercury from sulfuric acid |
-
0
- US US279840D patent/US279840A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2810667A (en) * | 1952-10-14 | 1957-10-22 | Siemens Ag | Process for heat-treating metals in a space containing a non-oxidizing protective gas atmosphere |
| US2832810A (en) * | 1954-03-02 | 1958-04-29 | American Cyanamid Co | Separation of mercury from sulfuric acid |
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