US2797363A - Electric discharge lamp - Google Patents

Electric discharge lamp Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2797363A
US2797363A US449082A US44908254A US2797363A US 2797363 A US2797363 A US 2797363A US 449082 A US449082 A US 449082A US 44908254 A US44908254 A US 44908254A US 2797363 A US2797363 A US 2797363A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
radiations
electrodes
arc
resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US449082A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jr William T Anderson
Rudolf W Samer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hanovia Chemical and Manufacturing Co
Original Assignee
Hanovia Chemical and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hanovia Chemical and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Hanovia Chemical and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US449082A priority Critical patent/US2797363A/en
Priority to FR1139595D priority patent/FR1139595A/fr
Priority to CH339294D priority patent/CH339294A/de
Priority to GB23200/55A priority patent/GB805935A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2797363A publication Critical patent/US2797363A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/96—Lamps with light-emitting discharge path and separately-heated incandescent body within a common envelope, e.g. for simulating daylight

Definitions

  • the present invention deals with an electric discharge lamp and more particularly with an electric discharge lamp having improved radiation characteristics.
  • the well known mercury vapor arc lamps produce ultraviolet radiations effective for tanning
  • the emission of the mercury vapor alone is deficient in the infrared and thereby does not produce such composite radiations of ultraviolet and infrared as would simulate sunlight for tanning purposes.
  • the mercury vapor lamp even though color corrected by the addition of other gases and vapors or supplemented by incandescent filaments still lack suflicient radiation in the red end of the spectrum.
  • Infrared radiation when available at sufficient intensity and absorbed by the skin produce the sensation of warmth, increase the blood flow to the skin by dilating the capillaries and small superficial blood vessels, and stimulate perspiration. These are all factors which are favorably for tanning production by radiations in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a partly elevational and partly sectional view of a lamp according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the electrical circuitry
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a modification of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a gaseous discharge lamp and .incandescent lamp combination as a lamp unit for the production of radiations from combined light sources atent 2 each dependent upon the other for energization and emitting predominantly infrared radiations with sufiicient long ultraviolet to produce tanning of the human skin under the influence of the infrared radiations thereby substantially simulating the tanning effect of natural sunlight.
  • the lamp unit of the present invention produces radiations in the spectral range between 2980 and 4400 angstroms with radiation between 2980 and 3200 angstroms being present as a small fraction of the total radiation output, whereby erythema production is accompanied with pigmentation of the skin as a result of radiations between 2980 and 3200 angstroms and whereby the radiation in the spectral range between 3200 and 4400 angstroms efiect darkening of the pigmentation for desirable cosmetic tanning of the skin.
  • Figure 1 shows a preferred form of lamp unit according to this invention and comprising a hermetically sealed light transmissive bulb 1 composed of fused quartz and the like ultraviolet and infrared transmissive materials, and containing at least a pair of spaced electrodes 2 and 3 with an electrical conductor 4, such as a resistance or incandescent filament, bridging the spaced electrodes or otherwise in an effective parallel electrical circuit with the are established between the electrodes.
  • a hermetically sealed light transmissive bulb 1 composed of fused quartz and the like ultraviolet and infrared transmissive materials, and containing at least a pair of spaced electrodes 2 and 3 with an electrical conductor 4, such as a resistance or incandescent filament, bridging the spaced electrodes or otherwise in an effective parallel electrical circuit with the are established between the electrodes.
  • the electrodes may be in a number of forms depending upon the power rating of the lamp and upon the supply voltage upon which it is to operate and these electrodes are spaced apart in order that during operation of the lamp an arc may form between them;
  • the electrodes may be just straight wires as illustrated by Figure 1 and of adequate current carrying capacity when the current is less than 10 amperes and the supply voltage is less than volts at 60 cycles alternating current.
  • the electrode material may be tungsten, or tantalum, or such materials with activation materials associatied therewith.
  • the activation material may be thorium or the oxides of thorium and barium, but plain tantalum or tungsten are preferred.
  • the above mentioned electrode spacing depends upon the available voltage for starting the lamp, the pressure of the gas filling in the arc bulb and the application for which the lamp is employed. With 115 volts 60 cycle A. C. supply, the arc gap may be less than one millimeter for a lamp designed for illumination of microscopes, etc., and several millimeters, e. g. 5 millimeters, when the lamp is employed for cosmetic tanning purposes.
  • the electrodes and bridging filament are connected in parallel and to an external electrical circuit by the lead-in members 5 and 6 hermetically sealed through the wall of the arc tube 1 by means of hermetically sealing members 7 and 8, such as ordinarily employed for high pressure sealing of input leads through an arcvessel envelope.
  • the electrodes are bridged by an electrical resistance or incandescent filament 4, which is at all times in the electrical circuit and which during operation of the arc is in parallel electrical circuit with said arc. Switches or means for disconnecting the bridging filament during some stage of operation of the lamp are not used.
  • This resistance 4 when heated by the passage of electric current ionizes the gas by thermal ionization, which enables an arc to be established between the electrodes. After start, the resistance continues to be heated by the passage of current and contributes infrared radiations of long wave length to the sum total of radiations and thus serves as one of the light sources in the lamp structure.
  • the second light source in the lamp structure is the arc.
  • the are is initiated and operates in a gaseous atmosphere consisting of xenon.
  • the xenon gas is employed either as a spectroscopically pure gas or may contain not more than of other rare gases such as krypton or argon. These latter gases may be added to facilitate starting for conditions of low supply voltages or long are gapsl 'After start the discharge is almost completely in the xenon gas.
  • the gaseous content filling the arc bulb is at pressures from 0.1 to 50 atmospheres at 25 C.
  • xenon pressure is between 0.5 to 2 atmospheres at 25 C. when the lamp is to be started under low voltage conditions, for example 110 volts.
  • the lamp may contain xenon up to 50 atmospheres pressure.
  • the arc bulb 1 hereinabove described is supported in an outer envelope 9, which is transparent to the infrared, visible and long wave length ultraviolet radiations.
  • This outer envelope may be a component of a screw-type base lamp readily applicable for use with ordinary type electrical sockets.
  • This outer envelope also contains electrical resistance element 10, that is an incandescent resistance or filament of tungsten, or a wire-wound heater coil, or a bar resistance element of equivalent function. In all instances the resistance produces heat to increase the temperature of the xenon gas, and therefore the pressure of the gas.
  • the heater source also contributes infrared radiations, and thus acts as another supplemental infrared source to the infrared radiations of the xenon gas.
  • the resistance 10 is in series connection with the electrode bridging filament 4 and the are established in the xenon gas between electrodes and serves as a ballast for the arc.
  • the outer bulb 9 may be provided with a reflector, for example an illuminizcd reflector 11 on the inside of the glass and a screw base 12 as above mentioned so that when all electrical elements are properly proportioned, the lamp may be then attached directly to a supply socket for which it is rated.
  • a reflector for example an illuminizcd reflector 11 on the inside of the glass and a screw base 12 as above mentioned so that when all electrical elements are properly proportioned, the lamp may be then attached directly to a supply socket for which it is rated.
  • One of the leads 6 passing through a sealing member or projection 8 is connected directly to a conductorwire or rod 13 in electrical connection with the base 12 and the other lead 5 passing through a sealing member or projection 5 is connected to a conductive wire or rod 14, which supports an end of the incandescent resistance member 10.
  • the resistance itl'passes substantially around the bulb 1 and is connected to conductor 15 electrically connected with the base 12 sothat conductors 13 and 15 are in series connection with sources of radiation hereinabove set forth.
  • the resistance 10 is further supported by means of a support ing wire or rod 16 or the like, insulated from the circuit, to a main arc vessel insulated support 17 secured to the seal projections 7 and 8 as illustrated.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the series relationship between the sources of radiation including the electrodes 2 and 3'.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a modification of the structural aspects of the arc vessel 13 and the outer bulb 19 and differing from Figure l in that the inner bulb 18 is made for lower Xenon gas pressure and of substantially tubular form as is the outer bulb 19.
  • the sources of radiations including the arc vessel 18 are supported directly by the conductors 13 and 15 sealed through the reentrant lamp stem 20, and the supporting rods or wires 16 and 21 secured to the lamp stem 20 and insulated from the electrical series circuit energizing the composite lamp assembly.
  • the conducting leads 13 and 15 are further connected to conductors 22 and 23 which may be suitably connected to a source of voltage for energizing the lamp.
  • this lamp comprises a resistance element in series electrically with an arc in xenon gas which are is bridged by a second resistance element.
  • An electric lamp comprising in combination inner and outer light transmissive envelopes, an ionizable atmosphere and at least a pair of spaced electrodes in said inner envelope, an incandescent filament bridging said electrodes, an incandescent resistance member outside of said inner envelope and within said outer envelope, means for energizing said resistance member and said incandescent filamcnt, said ionizable atmosphere consisting of xenon with not more than 5 percent of another rare gas.
  • An electric lamp comprising in combination a light transmissive discharge vessel containing an ionizable atmosphere, at least a pair of spaced electrodes in said discharge vessel, an incandescent filament bridging said electrodes, an incandescent resistance member outside of said are vessel in electrical series connection with said filament and electrodes, an outer light transmissive envelope containing said resistance member and said discharge vessel, said ionizable atmosphere consisting of xenon with not more than 5 percent of another rare gas.
  • An electric lamp according to claim 2 comprising means for supporting said resistance member and said discharge vessel in said outer envelope.
  • Electrodes comprise a metallic core having a metallic winding thereon.
  • An electric lamp comprising in combination a light transmissive discharge vessel containing an ionizable atmosphere, at least a pair of spaced electrodes in said discharge vessel, an incandescent filament bridging said electrodes, a resistance member outside of said arc vessel in electrical series connection with said filament and electrodes, an outer light transmissive envelope containing said resistance member and said discharge vessel, said ionizable atmosphere consisting of xenon with not more than 5 percent of another rare gas, an are between said electrodes, said are and resistance member emitting composite radiations.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US449082A 1954-08-11 1954-08-11 Electric discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime US2797363A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US449082A US2797363A (en) 1954-08-11 1954-08-11 Electric discharge lamp
FR1139595D FR1139595A (fr) 1954-08-11 1955-08-11 Lampe électrique à décharge
CH339294D CH339294A (de) 1954-08-11 1955-08-11 Elektrische Entladungslampe
GB23200/55A GB805935A (en) 1954-08-11 1955-08-11 Improvements in or relating to electric lamps

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US449082A US2797363A (en) 1954-08-11 1954-08-11 Electric discharge lamp

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2797363A true US2797363A (en) 1957-06-25

Family

ID=23782795

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US449082A Expired - Lifetime US2797363A (en) 1954-08-11 1954-08-11 Electric discharge lamp

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2797363A (de)
CH (1) CH339294A (de)
FR (1) FR1139595A (de)
GB (1) GB805935A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1132657B (de) * 1959-05-15 1962-07-05 Patra Patent Treuhand Hochdruckentladungslampe mit im Entladungsraum parallel zur Entladung angeordneter Zuendwendel
WO2008119537A1 (de) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Christoph Schwellenbach Lampe zur verwendung als bräunungslampe für eine bräunungsvorrichtung zur bräunung der menschlichen haut
WO2008119536A1 (de) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Christoph Schwellenbach Bräunungsvorrichtung zur bräunung der menschlichen haut

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AR207269A1 (es) * 1975-03-20 1976-09-22 Dentsply Int Inc Aparato de fuente de luz para suministrar radiacion ultravioleta a una zona de superficie restringida

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2032945A (en) * 1932-04-21 1936-03-03 Westinghouse Lamp Co 115 volt ultra-violet lamp
US2116681A (en) * 1934-08-30 1938-05-10 Gen Electric Electric lamp
US2404002A (en) * 1940-12-04 1946-07-16 Raytheon Mfg Co Electrical gaseous discharge lamp

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2032945A (en) * 1932-04-21 1936-03-03 Westinghouse Lamp Co 115 volt ultra-violet lamp
US2116681A (en) * 1934-08-30 1938-05-10 Gen Electric Electric lamp
US2404002A (en) * 1940-12-04 1946-07-16 Raytheon Mfg Co Electrical gaseous discharge lamp

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1132657B (de) * 1959-05-15 1962-07-05 Patra Patent Treuhand Hochdruckentladungslampe mit im Entladungsraum parallel zur Entladung angeordneter Zuendwendel
WO2008119537A1 (de) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Christoph Schwellenbach Lampe zur verwendung als bräunungslampe für eine bräunungsvorrichtung zur bräunung der menschlichen haut
WO2008119536A1 (de) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Christoph Schwellenbach Bräunungsvorrichtung zur bräunung der menschlichen haut

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB805935A (en) 1958-12-17
CH339294A (de) 1959-06-30
FR1139595A (fr) 1957-07-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2765416A (en) Vapor lamps utilizing chemical compounds
US2228327A (en) Discharge device
JPH077662B2 (ja) 紫外線始動源を備えたアーク放電ランプ
US2020737A (en) Gaseous electric discharge arc lamp
US2765420A (en) Lamp electrode
US2301670A (en) Low tension lamp tube
US3093769A (en) Mixed-light electric lamp
US2797363A (en) Electric discharge lamp
US5066892A (en) Glow discharge lamp with incandescent filament
US2042963A (en) Ultraviolet lamp
US2843801A (en) Electrical discharge lamp
US2847614A (en) Electric discharge lamp
US2007926A (en) Light emitting unit
US2275768A (en) Electric lamp
US2899583A (en) macksoud
US2171580A (en) Electric lamp
US2007927A (en) Long wave length radiation device
US4032814A (en) Fluorescent lamp with reduced wattage consumption
US2103047A (en) Gaseous electric discharge device
US2032945A (en) 115 volt ultra-violet lamp
US2046096A (en) Electric light source
US2007920A (en) Short wave length electric lamp
US2205000A (en) Electric lamp
US2660692A (en) High-pressure discharge lamp
US1935702A (en) Gaseous electric discharge lamp device