US2788195A - Condenser and method of making same - Google Patents

Condenser and method of making same Download PDF

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US2788195A
US2788195A US307020A US30702052A US2788195A US 2788195 A US2788195 A US 2788195A US 307020 A US307020 A US 307020A US 30702052 A US30702052 A US 30702052A US 2788195 A US2788195 A US 2788195A
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Prior art keywords
tiers
projections
heat exchange
tubular
sheets
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US307020A
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Karmazin John
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/04—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/26—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being integral with the element
    • F28F1/28—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being integral with the element the element being built-up from finned sections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49366—Sheet joined to sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
    • Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
    • Y10T29/4938—Common fin traverses plurality of tubes

Definitions

  • An object of this invention includes the method of forming a plurality of rows of tubular projections struck from a strip of sheet metal, stacking or superimposing a plurality of strips of sheet metal having such rows or projections struck therefrom and joining two or more tiers of strips by holding the tiers of strips in spaced and aligned relation by a spacer during the brazing operation.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a heat exchange unit utilizing tubular projections struck out from a strip of sheet metal to form passages for the heat exchange medium, banks of such units being held in aligned relation and properly spaced by metallic spacer members mounted between the banks during the fusing operation to hold the banks properly aligned Without buckling and without being deformed.
  • Another object of this invention is to produce heat exchange units that are economically produced, without undue waste of material and at the same time properly aligned, efiicient and dependable.
  • Figure 1 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a portion of a heat exchange unit.
  • Figure 2 is an end view of a heat exchange unit that may be made from two 2 cores to make a four row heat exchange unit.
  • Figure 3 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a portion of a heat exchange unit with parts broken away and shown in section.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a spacing member.
  • Figure 5 is a top plan view of a sheet of metal having a tubular projection struck therefrom.
  • Figure 6 is a cross sectional view, taken substantially on the line 66 of Figure 5.
  • the reference character 10 indicates sheets of metal having tubular projections 12 struck outwardly from the metal.
  • two rows of tubular projections have been provided.
  • slits 14 extend between adjacent pairs of tubular projections. This is to provide sufiicient flow of metal, so that when the tubular projections 12 are formed, the tubular projections will be uniform throughoutthe periphery.
  • the shape of the tubular projections which has been shown as round, and the size, have merely been shown for the purpose of illustration, in that any suitable shape or size may be used.
  • the number of sheets 10 having tubular projections 12 struck therefrom are stacked with the projections of one strip nested into the cavities formed by the projections in an adjacent strip, so as to form a heat exchange unit, such as a condenser.
  • a capping member to for each pair of adjacent tubular projections may be assembled in association with the sheets.
  • two rows of tubular projections have been shown on each sheet, the number is a matter of choice. For example, there may be one, two or three rows, the number depending upon the size and requirements of the heat exchange unit and upon the available equipment.
  • the parts are permanently interconnected by a brazing operation utilizing suitable brazing metal for welding or fusing the parts together.
  • a brazing operation utilizing suitable brazing metal for welding or fusing the parts together.
  • a tubular member 20 projects between adjacent tiers.
  • This tubular member may be a sheet metal tubular member having a melting point at least slightly higher than the melting point of the brazing material.
  • a wire may be used, or a rod, or a strip of metal of any suitable configuration.
  • This tubular or spacer member 20 is preferably mounted in one tier of notches 22 in adjacent tiers of strips of metal, so as to economize on space.
  • the spacer member 20 remains as a part of the assembly after the brazing operation is completed.
  • the spacer member 20 gives the finished assembly additional rigidity.
  • stacks or tiers of strip material several feet in height may be assembled and several stacks or tiers fused together, so as to form a condenser or heat exchange unit.
  • All of the connecting members 16 and the plates 24, which may be referred to as end plates or top and bottom plates, are assembled together with the necessary conduits 2.6 before the fusing operation takes place, so that when the assembly is removed from the brazing furnace, the unit is complete.
  • the brazing operation takes place in the presence of an inert gas or in the presence of a reducing gas, so as to prevent oxidation.
  • the spacers are of a length approaching the depth of the tiers, so that the spacer members extend throughout the depth of the superimposed strips, or practically throughout the entire depth.
  • the spacer members may be slightly shorter, but not much shorter than the depth of the tiers.
  • the method of manufacturing multiple tier heat exchange units which comprises the steps of forming a plurality of slots in a plurality of substantially fiat sheets of metal with the slots in each sheet arranged in a column intermediate the side edges of each sheet, simultaneously forming a plurality of tapered, tubular projections on each sheet and a plurality of notches in the side edges of each sheet, the projections and the notches being arranged in rows aligned with the slots and the projections being disposed on opposite sides of the slots, superimposing a plurality of sheets to form a tier with the sheets disposed in spaced substantially parallel planes and the projections on the sheets telescoping together to form elongate tubes, mounting at least two tiers in side by side relationship, positioning a straight tubular member in the notches between adjacent tiers with the adjacent side edges of each sheet in each tier frictionally engaging the tubular member so as to hold the sheets of the tiers in aligned relationship, and simultaneously brazing the telescoping projections together and the edges of the sheets to the tubular
  • a heat exchange unit comprising, in combination, a plurality of tiers, each tier including a plurality of substantially flat sheets each having a plurality of tapered tubular projections integral therewith, said sheets being superimposed with the sheets of each tier disposed in spaced substantially parallel planes and the projections telescoping together and forming tubes, the side edges of each of said sheets having notches therein aligned with the projections, and a straight tubular member positioned in the notches between the adjacent tiers with the adjacent side edges of each sheet in each tier engaging the tubular member, said telescoping projections being brazed together and the edges of the sheets being brazed to the tubular member to form a unitary structure.

Description

April 9, 1957 .1. KARMAZIN 2,788,195
CONDENSER AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed Aug. 29, 1952 a? I. J 3) United States Patent This invention relates to a heat exchange unit and the method of producing the same, although not necessarily so limited.
In the manufacture of heat exchange units, pressed sheet metalhas been used, wherein the tubes for the heat exchange medium are extruded from sheet metal, the margins of the sheet metal being'used as fins, as clearly illustrated in the Theodore Karmazin application for United States Letters Patent Serial No. 229,381, filed June 1, 1951, for Heat Exchange Unit and Method of Manufacture, now abandoned.
An object of this invention includes the method of forming a plurality of rows of tubular projections struck from a strip of sheet metal, stacking or superimposing a plurality of strips of sheet metal having such rows or projections struck therefrom and joining two or more tiers of strips by holding the tiers of strips in spaced and aligned relation by a spacer during the brazing operation.
Another object of this invention is to provide a heat exchange unit utilizing tubular projections struck out from a strip of sheet metal to form passages for the heat exchange medium, banks of such units being held in aligned relation and properly spaced by metallic spacer members mounted between the banks during the fusing operation to hold the banks properly aligned Without buckling and without being deformed.
Another object of this invention is to produce heat exchange units that are economically produced, without undue waste of material and at the same time properly aligned, efiicient and dependable.
Other objects and advantages reside in the construction of parts, the combination thereof and the mode of operation, as will become more apparent from the following description.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a portion of a heat exchange unit.
Figure 2 is an end view of a heat exchange unit that may be made from two 2 cores to make a four row heat exchange unit.
Figure 3 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a portion of a heat exchange unit with parts broken away and shown in section.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a spacing member.
Figure 5 is a top plan view of a sheet of metal having a tubular projection struck therefrom.
Figure 6 is a cross sectional view, taken substantially on the line 66 of Figure 5.
Referring to the drawings, the reference character 10 indicates sheets of metal having tubular projections 12 struck outwardly from the metal. In the modification disclosed herein, two rows of tubular projections have been provided. In order to provide for the proper flow or movement of metal, slits 14 extend between adjacent pairs of tubular projections. This is to provide sufiicient flow of metal, so that when the tubular projections 12 are formed, the tubular projections will be uniform throughoutthe periphery. The shape of the tubular projections, which has been shown as round, and the size, have merely been shown for the purpose of illustration, in that any suitable shape or size may be used.
The number of sheets 10 having tubular projections 12 struck therefrom are stacked with the projections of one strip nested into the cavities formed by the projections in an adjacent strip, so as to form a heat exchange unit, such as a condenser. A capping member to for each pair of adjacent tubular projections may be assembled in association with the sheets. Although two rows of tubular projections have been shown on each sheet, the number is a matter of choice. For example, there may be one, two or three rows, the number depending upon the size and requirements of the heat exchange unit and upon the available equipment.
After the strips have been superimposed upon each other and the top and bottom members placed in position, or the end members placed in position, depending upon the arrangement of the finished assembly, the parts are permanently interconnected by a brazing operation utilizing suitable brazing metal for welding or fusing the parts together. This is a comparatively simple matter when it is only a few strips and only one tier. In the past, it has been common practice when assembling multiple tiers, as disclosed in Figures 1 and 2, to first com plete one unit or tier, then a second unit, or tier, this followed by an operation of joining the units or tiers together. By assembling several tiers and brazing all of the tiers simultaneously, the production would be pedited and the cost reduced. However, in the past this has not been feasible, for the reason that in attempting to assemble a plurality of tiers, the tiers buckle and move out of place. This has been overcome by arranging a spacer member, or several spacer members, located between the several tiers, so as to hold the tiers aligned during the brazing operation.
in the disclosure a tubular member 20 projects between adjacent tiers. This tubular member may be a sheet metal tubular member having a melting point at least slightly higher than the melting point of the brazing material. Instead of a tubular member, a wire may be used, or a rod, or a strip of metal of any suitable configuration. This tubular or spacer member 20 is preferably mounted in one tier of notches 22 in adjacent tiers of strips of metal, so as to economize on space. The spacer member 20 remains as a part of the assembly after the brazing operation is completed. The spacer member 20 gives the finished assembly additional rigidity.
By this arrangement, stacks or tiers of strip material several feet in height may be assembled and several stacks or tiers fused together, so as to form a condenser or heat exchange unit. All of the connecting members 16 and the plates 24, which may be referred to as end plates or top and bottom plates, are assembled together with the necessary conduits 2.6 before the fusing operation takes place, so that when the assembly is removed from the brazing furnace, the unit is complete.
No attempt has been made to show how the several tubes or passages are interconnected, as this is determined by the requirements of the finished product.
As is well known to those skilled in the art, the brazing operation takes place in the presence of an inert gas or in the presence of a reducing gas, so as to prevent oxidation.
The spacers are of a length approaching the depth of the tiers, so that the spacer members extend throughout the depth of the superimposed strips, or practically throughout the entire depth. For some purposes the spacer members may be slightly shorter, but not much shorter than the depth of the tiers.
Although the preferred embodiment of the device has been described, it will be understood that within the purview of this invention various changes may be made in the form, details, proportion and arrangement of parts, the combination thereof and mode of operation, which generally stated consist in a device capable of carrying out the objects set forth, as disclosed and defined in the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. The method of manufacturing multiple tier heat exchange units which comprises the steps of forming a plurality of slots in a plurality of substantially fiat sheets of metal with the slots in each sheet arranged in a column intermediate the side edges of each sheet, simultaneously forming a plurality of tapered, tubular projections on each sheet and a plurality of notches in the side edges of each sheet, the projections and the notches being arranged in rows aligned with the slots and the projections being disposed on opposite sides of the slots, superimposing a plurality of sheets to form a tier with the sheets disposed in spaced substantially parallel planes and the projections on the sheets telescoping together to form elongate tubes, mounting at least two tiers in side by side relationship, positioning a straight tubular member in the notches between adjacent tiers with the adjacent side edges of each sheet in each tier frictionally engaging the tubular member so as to hold the sheets of the tiers in aligned relationship, and simultaneously brazing the telescoping projections together and the edges of the sheets to the tubular member to form a unitary structure.
2. A heat exchange unit comprising, in combination, a plurality of tiers, each tier including a plurality of substantially flat sheets each having a plurality of tapered tubular projections integral therewith, said sheets being superimposed with the sheets of each tier disposed in spaced substantially parallel planes and the projections telescoping together and forming tubes, the side edges of each of said sheets having notches therein aligned with the projections, and a straight tubular member positioned in the notches between the adjacent tiers with the adjacent side edges of each sheet in each tier engaging the tubular member, said telescoping projections being brazed together and the edges of the sheets being brazed to the tubular member to form a unitary structure.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS ug- M,
US307020A 1952-08-29 1952-08-29 Condenser and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US2788195A (en)

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Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933806A (en) * 1957-02-05 1960-04-26 Olin Mathieson Hollow articles
US2959844A (en) * 1956-09-10 1960-11-15 Ford Motor Co Radiator soldering
US3202211A (en) * 1961-05-16 1965-08-24 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US3221399A (en) * 1962-03-28 1965-12-07 Karmazin Prod Method of manufacturing heat exchanger
US3223153A (en) * 1962-05-21 1965-12-14 Modine Mfg Co Fin and tube type heat exchanger
US4411309A (en) * 1981-03-16 1983-10-25 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Heat exchanger assembly
FR2728668A1 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-28 Valeo Thermique Habitacle Finned heat exchanger operating between first gaseous fluid and second flowing fluid
WO2012159958A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2012-11-29 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Multiplate heat exchanger
JP2016223648A (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-28 古河電気工業株式会社 Heat exchanger, heat exchange module and manufacturing method of heat exchanger
US20180180363A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-06-28 X Development Llc Modular Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Apparatuses and Molds and Methods for Forming Such Apparatuses
US10422250B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2019-09-24 Malta Inc. Pumped thermal systems with variable stator pressure ratio control
US10436109B2 (en) 2016-12-31 2019-10-08 Malta Inc. Modular thermal storage
US10458284B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2019-10-29 Malta Inc. Variable pressure inventory control of closed cycle system with a high pressure tank and an intermediate pressure tank
US10801404B2 (en) 2016-12-30 2020-10-13 Malta Inc. Variable pressure turbine
US10907548B2 (en) 2016-12-29 2021-02-02 Malta Inc. Use of external air for closed cycle inventory control
US10907513B2 (en) 2010-03-04 2021-02-02 Malta Inc. Adiabatic salt energy storage
US10907510B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-02-02 Malta Inc. Storage of excess heat in cold side of heat engine
US10920667B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-02-16 Malta Inc. Pump control of closed cycle power generation system
US11053847B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-07-06 Malta Inc. Baffled thermoclines in thermodynamic cycle systems
US11199344B2 (en) * 2015-07-10 2021-12-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat exchanger and air-conditioning apparatus
US11286804B2 (en) 2020-08-12 2022-03-29 Malta Inc. Pumped heat energy storage system with charge cycle thermal integration
US11396826B2 (en) 2020-08-12 2022-07-26 Malta Inc. Pumped heat energy storage system with electric heating integration
US11454167B1 (en) 2020-08-12 2022-09-27 Malta Inc. Pumped heat energy storage system with hot-side thermal integration
US11480067B2 (en) 2020-08-12 2022-10-25 Malta Inc. Pumped heat energy storage system with generation cycle thermal integration
US11486305B2 (en) 2020-08-12 2022-11-01 Malta Inc. Pumped heat energy storage system with load following
US11678615B2 (en) 2018-01-11 2023-06-20 Lancium Llc Method and system for dynamic power delivery to a flexible growcenter using unutilized energy sources
US11852043B2 (en) 2019-11-16 2023-12-26 Malta Inc. Pumped heat electric storage system with recirculation

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FR325485A (en) * 1902-10-20 1903-04-30 Julien Joseph Angelin Marius Refinements to finned tubular coolers
US1748140A (en) * 1924-05-07 1930-02-25 Schutte & Koerting Co Means for supporting and holding pipes in spaced relation to each other
US1940804A (en) * 1930-04-09 1933-12-26 Karmazin Engineering Company Radiator
US2055200A (en) * 1935-05-07 1936-09-22 Karmazin Engineering Company Refrigerating apparatus
US2119134A (en) * 1935-05-31 1938-05-31 Gen Motors Corp Grille construction
US2195259A (en) * 1939-01-13 1940-03-26 Gen Motors Corp Condenser for mechanical refrigerators
US2287178A (en) * 1938-10-22 1942-06-23 Gen Motors Corp Method of forming refrigerating apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR325485A (en) * 1902-10-20 1903-04-30 Julien Joseph Angelin Marius Refinements to finned tubular coolers
US1748140A (en) * 1924-05-07 1930-02-25 Schutte & Koerting Co Means for supporting and holding pipes in spaced relation to each other
US1940804A (en) * 1930-04-09 1933-12-26 Karmazin Engineering Company Radiator
US2055200A (en) * 1935-05-07 1936-09-22 Karmazin Engineering Company Refrigerating apparatus
US2119134A (en) * 1935-05-31 1938-05-31 Gen Motors Corp Grille construction
US2287178A (en) * 1938-10-22 1942-06-23 Gen Motors Corp Method of forming refrigerating apparatus
US2195259A (en) * 1939-01-13 1940-03-26 Gen Motors Corp Condenser for mechanical refrigerators

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US2959844A (en) * 1956-09-10 1960-11-15 Ford Motor Co Radiator soldering
US2933806A (en) * 1957-02-05 1960-04-26 Olin Mathieson Hollow articles
US3202211A (en) * 1961-05-16 1965-08-24 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US3221399A (en) * 1962-03-28 1965-12-07 Karmazin Prod Method of manufacturing heat exchanger
US3223153A (en) * 1962-05-21 1965-12-14 Modine Mfg Co Fin and tube type heat exchanger
US4411309A (en) * 1981-03-16 1983-10-25 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Heat exchanger assembly
FR2728668A1 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-28 Valeo Thermique Habitacle Finned heat exchanger operating between first gaseous fluid and second flowing fluid
US10907513B2 (en) 2010-03-04 2021-02-02 Malta Inc. Adiabatic salt energy storage
US11761336B2 (en) 2010-03-04 2023-09-19 Malta Inc. Adiabatic salt energy storage
WO2012159958A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2012-11-29 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Multiplate heat exchanger
EP2710318A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2014-03-26 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Multiplate heat exchanger
CN103733012A (en) * 2011-05-20 2014-04-16 埃贝斯佩歇废气技术合资公司 Multiplate heat exchanger
JP2014513788A (en) * 2011-05-20 2014-06-05 エーバーシュペッヒャー・エグゾースト・テクノロジー・ゲーエムベーハー・ウント・コンパニー・カーゲー Fin heat exchanger
US20140305621A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2014-10-16 Gerd Gaiser Multiplate heat exchanger
CN109210971A (en) * 2011-05-20 2019-01-15 埃贝斯佩歇废气技术合资公司 Multiplate heat exchanger
US11754319B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2023-09-12 Malta Inc. Pumped thermal storage cycles with turbomachine speed control
US10428693B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2019-10-01 Malta Inc. Pumped thermal systems with dedicated compressor/turbine pairs
US10428694B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2019-10-01 Malta Inc. Pumped thermal and energy storage system units with pumped thermal system and energy storage system subunits
US10422250B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2019-09-24 Malta Inc. Pumped thermal systems with variable stator pressure ratio control
US10443452B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2019-10-15 Malta Inc. Methods of hot and cold side charging in thermal energy storage systems
US10458721B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2019-10-29 Malta Inc. Pumped thermal storage cycles with recuperation
US10458283B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2019-10-29 Malta Inc. Varying compression ratios in energy storage and retrieval systems
US11156385B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2021-10-26 Malta Inc. Pumped thermal storage cycles with working fluid management
JP2016223648A (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-28 古河電気工業株式会社 Heat exchanger, heat exchange module and manufacturing method of heat exchanger
US11199344B2 (en) * 2015-07-10 2021-12-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat exchanger and air-conditioning apparatus
US10907510B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-02-02 Malta Inc. Storage of excess heat in cold side of heat engine
US20180180363A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-06-28 X Development Llc Modular Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Apparatuses and Molds and Methods for Forming Such Apparatuses
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US10920674B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-02-16 Malta Inc. Variable pressure inventory control of closed cycle system with a high pressure tank and an intermediate pressure tank
US11053847B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-07-06 Malta Inc. Baffled thermoclines in thermodynamic cycle systems
US10458284B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2019-10-29 Malta Inc. Variable pressure inventory control of closed cycle system with a high pressure tank and an intermediate pressure tank
US11512613B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2022-11-29 Malta Inc. Storage of excess heat in cold side of heat engine
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US11927130B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2024-03-12 Malta Inc. Pump control of closed cycle power generation system
US11454168B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2022-09-27 Malta Inc. Pump control of closed cycle power generation system
US11578622B2 (en) 2016-12-29 2023-02-14 Malta Inc. Use of external air for closed cycle inventory control
US10907548B2 (en) 2016-12-29 2021-02-02 Malta Inc. Use of external air for closed cycle inventory control
US11352951B2 (en) 2016-12-30 2022-06-07 Malta Inc. Variable pressure turbine
US10801404B2 (en) 2016-12-30 2020-10-13 Malta Inc. Variable pressure turbine
US10436109B2 (en) 2016-12-31 2019-10-08 Malta Inc. Modular thermal storage
US11655759B2 (en) 2016-12-31 2023-05-23 Malta, Inc. Modular thermal storage
US10830134B2 (en) 2016-12-31 2020-11-10 Malta Inc. Modular thermal storage
US11678615B2 (en) 2018-01-11 2023-06-20 Lancium Llc Method and system for dynamic power delivery to a flexible growcenter using unutilized energy sources
US11852043B2 (en) 2019-11-16 2023-12-26 Malta Inc. Pumped heat electric storage system with recirculation
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