Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/395—Isocyanates
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
  • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
  • D06M13/256—Sulfonated compounds esters thereof, e.g. sultones
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/62—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds with sulfate, sulfonate, sulfenic or sulfinic groups
  • D06P1/628—Compounds containing nitrogen
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
  • D06P1/642—Compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06P1/6424—Compounds containing isocyanate or isothiocyanate groups
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/22—Effecting variation of dye affinity on textile material by chemical means that react with the fibre
  • D06P5/225—Aminalization of cellulose; introducing aminogroups into cellulose
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
  • D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
  • D06Q1/08—Decorating textiles by fixation of mechanical effects, e.g. calendering, embossing or Chintz effects, using chemical means
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
  • D21H17/09—Sulfur-containing compounds
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/11—Isocyanate and carbonate modification of fibers

Definitions

• This invention relates to the treatment of cellulosic materials whereby they are given an enhanced resistance to water or steam of efiects produced mechanically on such materials.
• cellulosic materials we mean cellulo'si'c films, foils, paper and pulp, yarns, fibres and woven or non-woven, e. g. knitted, felted or bonded-Web, fabrics of natural or regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters or ethers or their mixtures with other fibres.
• certain finishing effects e. g. embossing and moire
• the invention is also applicable to fabrics composed wholly or mainly of natural silk, and such fabrics are included by the term cellulosic materials.
• the mechanical finishes which come into consideration include, for example, pressing, calendering, schreinering, embossing, beetling, rippling, the special finishes known as moire and cire, and mechanically enforced dimensional adjustment such as hereinafter described.
• Other 'finishes include the crimping and polishing of yarns, and the finish obtained 'by folding a fabric and pressing so as to form pleats. Normally these finishes are very sensitive 'to moisture and they may be substantially diminished or even destroyed by water or by steam pressing processes such as are common in the final stages of garment manufacture or by laundering. It is the object at the present invention to provide a process which will substantially overcome such disadvantage. ln a cospending application Serial No.
• isocyanate-bisul- ,pliite reaction products may be very advantageously used in a similarmanne'r "to produce moistureand "wash-- resistant mechanical finishes on cellulosic materials.
• isocyanat'e will be used hereafter to include isothiocyanate.
• chalcogen having an atomic weight not exceeding that of sulphur covers oxygen and sulphur only in accordance withaccepte'd terminology.
• the process according to the present invention comprises incorporating in a cellulosic material an isocyanatebisulphite reaction product, applying the effect or finish thereto and submitting it to heat.
• the preferred method is to impregnate the materials with an aqueous solution or dispersion of the 'isocyanate-bisulphite reaction product, dry or partially dry the material, then apply the effect or finish and submit the material to heat. It will be understood that, when applying the said reaction prodnot -in an aqueous medium, the mechanical finish must be applied afterwards, since it would otherwise be impaired by the aqueous medium.
• the optimum temperature for the heat treatment is the decomposition temperature of the isocyanate-bisulphite reaction product used.
• the heat treatment will normally be of 3-15 minutes duration at a temperature of C. to 200 C., but :if a lower temperature is used the time necessary will be substantially greater. It may be possible, in some cases, to carry out the mechanical finishing treatment and the heat treatment simultaneously.
• the heat treatment may be carried out by any of the conventional methods, but preferably is effected between C. and 189 C. for a few minutes in stenters or hot air chambers or through machines which use infra-red radiation as the source of heat. Alternatively this heat treatment may be effected by passing the material through a bath of molten metal, e. g. containing low temperature melting alloys, or less preferably may be effected by treating the material with steam.
• One method of making the isocyahate-bisulphite reaction products is to-di'sperse the isocyanate in a saturated aqueous solution of an alkali metal bisulphite, e. g. sodium bisulphite, preferably in about equimolecular proportions, from which-after a short time the isocyanatebisulphite reaction product will separate out.
• Liquid isocyanates may be stirred into the saturated bisulphite solution but solid isocyanates should 'be dissolved in an organic solvent such as benzene, toluene or Xylene first.
• the isocyanate-bisulphite reaction products may be dried at relatively low temperatures to white odourless solids. They are in many cases soluble in water to give stable solutions in cont-radistinction to the corresponding isocyana'tes whicharedecomposed by water.
• the isocyanate may be applied to the material from a solution in an organic solvent which is then evaporated whereafter the bisulphite is applied from aqueous solution, and the cellulosic material driedahd heat treated.
• the bisulphife can be applied to the material first from an aqueous solution followed by drying and the application of the isocyanate from an organic solvent solution, the solvent is evaporated and the heat treatment carried out.
• a further modification of the invention includes the emulsification of the isocyanate in a dilute aqueou bisulphite solution and the application of this emulsion to the cellulosic material, followed by drying and heating.
• dilute solutions of bisulphites the reaction does not readily take place but on drying and concentrating on the fabric the isocyanate-bisu'lphite reaction can be carried out.
• mono-functional isocyanates may be used to react With the bisulphite, it is preferable to use poly-functional isocyanates such as a dior tri-isocyanate.
• poly-functional isocyanates such as a dior tri-isocyanate.
• the tri-functional are preferred to the di-functional, whilst, in the case of the aliphatic isocyanates, it is preferred to use the di-functional having an aliphatic chain of not more than carbon atoms.
• monofunctional isocyanates it is preferable that they be either aromatic isocyanates or aliphatic isocyanates with a chain containing not more than 8 carbon atoms.
• the isocyanates and isothiocyanates which are employed in accordance with the present invention are monomeric compounds of the formula R.(NZCX)n where X is a chalcogen having an atomic weight not exceeding that of sulphur, n is a whole number not exceeding 3, and R represents monomeric aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, the aromatic radicals having monocyclic aryl hydrocarbon groups of not more than seven carbon atoms and the aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having a chain of not exceeding ten carbon atoms and when n is 1, contain not more than eight carbon atoms.
• the bisulphite reaction products are addition salts having the formula R.(NH.CX.SO3M)n where X, n and R are as defined above, and M is an alkali metal.
• Suitable isocyanate-bisulphite reaction products are the bisulphite reaction products of phenyl isocyanate, hexamethylene di-isocyanate, m-toluylene di-isocyanate, m-phenylene diisocyan-ate, the mixture of poly-isocyanates in xylene solution under the registered trademark Vulcafor V. C. C., and any of the corresponding isothiocyanates, and also allyl isothiocyanate.
• Fuither examples include the bisulphite reaction products of toluene 2:4 di-isocyanate, toluene 2:4:6 tri-isocyanate, mixtures of toluene 2:4 and 2:6 di-isocyanates and methylene bis-p-phenylene isocyanates.
• the heat treatment may also be advantageously elfected in the presence of an amide, an amidine or an amino-triazine. These are preferably added to the aqueous solution of the isocyanate-bisulphite reaction product and the process carried out as already described.
• Suitable amides are urea, thiourea, acetamide, sulphonamide or p-toluene sulphonamide and dicyandiamide; suitable amidines include guanidine and amino guanidine, and suitable amino triazines include melamine.
• the isocyanate-bisulphite reaction product may be applied all over the fabric but be rendered locally ineffective by the prior local application to the fabric of chemical resists, e. g. strongly alkaline pastes, or be prevented from reaching certain portions of the fabric by the prior application of mechanical resists, e. g. waxes to such portions.
• discharge methods may be used, e. g. by applying the isocyanate-bisulphite reaction product all over the fabric and then, prior to the heat treatnaent, applying a pattern of a strongly alkaline paste.
• the present invention may often be used with advantage in conjunction with the above-mentioned dye process described in our co-pending application Serial No. 213,692.
• a dye may be included in the solution of the isocyanate-bisulphite reaction product before applying same to the material to be treated, thereafter effecting the mechanical finishing treatment.
• dye may be applied after the mechanical finishing treatment and after the subsequent heat treatment.
• isocyanatebisulphite reaction products Apart from water solubility and the stability of their aqueous solutions a great advantage of the isocyanatebisulphite reaction products as compared with the cor-' responding isocyanates is the pleasanter and more efficient operating conditions. Many of the isocyanates are volatile during drying and heating and their fumes have, in a number of cases, pronounced physiological effects. The isocyanate-bisulphite reaction products give rise to no fumes, thus avoiding unpleasant effects on the operatives and, since the whole of the agent applied to the textile is used and not lost as vapour, the process is more elncient.
• the present invention may very suitably be used in the case where the mechanical finish is designed to alter forcibly the dimensions of a fabric.
• a well known method for producing a dimensionally-adjusted woven fabric is to pass the fabric through a machine which forcibly reduces the dimensions of the fabric by pressing the yarns closer together, or, if so desired, which forcibly increases the dimensions of the fabric by pulling the yarns further apart.
• Such machines are described in British specifications No. 359,759 and No. 372,803.
• the invention is applicable to fabrics that have already been finished in a conventional manner, that is to say the treatment may be applied for example to fabrics which contain softening agents, lubricating agents, antiseptics or which have been anticreased or stabilised by means of thermosetting resinous condensates.
• the invention may also be applied by treating fabrics with the isocyanate-bisulphite reaction products before or simultaneously with conventional finishing agents.
• Example I 84 parts of hexamethylene di-isocyanate are added to 310 parts of a solution of sodium bisulphite in water containing 104 parts of sodium bisulphite. The two liquids are intimately mixed by means of vigorous agitation, and as the reaction proceeds a white crystalline solid separates. The mix eventually becomes a stiff paste, from which the bisulphite compound can be obtained by filtration and washing with acetone, followed by drying at 5060 C.
• a plain cotton fabric is impregnated in a solution prepared by dissolving 7.5 parts of the compound prepared as above in 92.5 parts of water.
• the fabric after mangling is partially dried so that it retains 15% of mois ture, and glazed by passage between a heated metal cylinder at 200 C., and a compressed paper bowl.
• the glazed fabric is now heated to 150 C. for 10 mins.
• Example ll A mercerised cotton fabric is impregnated in a solution containing 10 parts of hexamethylene di-isocyanate bisulphite compound prepared as in Example I, in parts of water, mangled and dried at open width on a stenter.
• the dry fabric is steam moistened, and cire embossed by passage between a heated engraved metal cylinder at 180 C., and a compressed paper bowl.
• the embossed fabric is then heated to C. for 10 minutes.
• the embossed pattern is now resistant to repeated washing in soap.
• Example *lll A plain patron fabric is priri'tedftliiough 'a sak-sateen with a thickened paste made as follows. I parts" of the bisulphite tamarin or hiram'ethylene ii-isocyanate, preps'ra as in Example I, is dissented in 45 pai't's or water and this soliition is stirred into a dispersion of 4 parts or locust bean gum in 46 parts of d, M V The printed fabric is dried, and steamed so that it contains 15% moisture, and g la'zed by passage between a heated metal cylinder at 180 Q, and a compressed paper bowl.
• Example IV A cotton fabric is impregnated in a solution containing 4 parts of dicyar'idianiide aaas ans ofjthe bisulphite compound of hexain'ethylene di-isocyana'te, prepared as in Example I, in 90 parts of water. After impregnation the fabric is partially dried until it contains 15% of moisture, and is 'then glazed in known manner on a calender at 200 C. I Theglazed fabric is then subjected to a heat treatment at 150 C. for minutes. The incorporation of dicyandiamide results in a much firmer handle of -the glazed fabric, the characteristics of which are resistant to repeated laundering.
• Example I A plain cotton fabric is printed as in Example III.
• the steamed, dried fabric is glazed in known manner on a calender at 190 C., and heated at 150 C. for 10 minutes.
• the g'la'zedfabric is "then passed into a dyebath at 90 C. containing 0.5 gm. per litre Polar Brilliant Red G (GeigyColour Company)( New Colour Index Acid Red No. 122) and 5.0 gms. per litre sodium sulphate, with a volume ratio of 40:1.
• the fabric is dyed in the printed parts which at the same time retain their lustre, the unprinted parts lose their lustre in the hot dyebath, and are not dyed. In this way a coloured localized glazed fabric is produced fast to Washing.
• Example VI A plain cotton fabric is printed through a silk screen with a thickened paste made in the following manner:
• the printed fabric is dried, and steam moistened, glazed on a calender at 190 C. in known manner, followed by heating at 150 C. for 10 minutes.
• the glazed fabric is then secured in dilute aqueous soap solution at 40 C. for 10 minutes when the glaze in the unprinted parts is removed.
• a coloured printed glazed effect is produced which will withstand soaping at 70 C.
• Example V11 A plain cotton fabric is impregnated in a solution containing 10 parts of hexamethylene di-isocyanate in 90 parts of benzene, and dried to remove the solvent at 60 C. The fabric is then padded through a solution containing 15 parts of sodium bisulphite in 85 parts of water. After mangling the fabric is maintained in the wet condition for 2 hours during which time the reaction between the isocyanate and the sodium bisulphite proceeds.
• the fabric is then partially dried, so that it retains 15% of moisture, and embossed by passage between a heated engraved metal cylinder at 150 C., and a superelastic cotton bowl.
• the embossed fabric is then heated to 150 C., for 10 minutesrfo llowedby rinsing in water at 45 C..
• the embossed design on the fabric is resistant to washing at 70 C. in dilute aqueous soap solutions.
• Example VIII The potassium bisulphite reaction product bf herd methylene iii-isocyanate is prepared by first reacting hexaiii'thylene diisocyanateand sodium bisulphite solution as described in Example I.
• the paste 'so obtained is dissolved in 310 parts of water and the "solution is heatdft'o 60 C with the additio'nof 84 parts "of potassiuin chloride and filtered to remove impurities.
• a plain co't'toh fabric is impregnated ina solution coir t'ai'nirig l'Ojparts of the potassium bisulphite compound of hexamethylene' di-isocyanate and 5 parts of urea in 85 pans of'wate'n
• the fabric is dried 'so that it contains approximately 15% -of moisture and iS then embossed by passage between an engraved metal cylinder at 180 ai'id compressed paper bowl.
• the fabric ' is heated at 1'45 C. for 10 minutes.
• Example IX 30 parts 'of 'metatoluylene di-isocyanate 'aremixed with '130 gins. "of sodium bisulphite solution, gms. of which contain 30 *grns. of sodium bisulphite. The two liquids are intimately mixed by means of vigorous agitation, and after 2 hour'sthe mix becomes a stiff .paste. The solid precipitate is filtered, washed and dried at '60 C.
• the dry fabric is steam moistened, and friction glazed bypassing between a heated metal cylinder at 180 C., and a compressed paper bowl.
• Theglazed fabric is then heated at C. for 10 minutes.
• the glazed effect is now resistant to repeated washing in soap :solutio and the woven design is considerably enhanced in appearance.
• Example X A warp twill viscose rayon staple-fibre fabric is impregnated in a solution containing 10 parts of hexamethylene di-isocyanate bisulphite compound, prepared as in Example I, in 90 parts of water, mangled and dried. The fabric is then compressively shrunk by treatment as described in British Patent No. 372,803 and heated at C. for 10 minutes. The effect of this treatment is illustrated in the following table showing the amount of shrinkage obtained by washing the fabric in a liquor containing 0.25 part of soap per 100 parts of aqueous solution.
• Example XII A- viscose rayon staple-fibre yarn is impregnated with a solution of parts of the sodium bisulphite reaction product of hexamethylene di-isocyanate and 5 parts of urea in 85 parts of water. The yarn is partially dried to a moisture content of deformed by crimping, and then heated at 145 C. for 10 minutes. The crimp is rendered durable to repeated soaping.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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Citations (11)

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• 0
  • BE BE501792D patent/BE501792A/xx unknown
  • BE BE501793D patent/BE501793A/xx unknown
• 1950
  • 1950-03-10 GB GB6140/50A patent/GB716233A/en not_active Expired
• 1951
  • 1951-03-02 US US213691A patent/US2786734A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1951-03-09 FR FR1053828D patent/FR1053828A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1951-03-10 DE DEB14105A patent/DE939683C/de not_active Expired

Patent Citations (11)

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