US2786719A - Nozzle - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2786719A
US2786719A US430119A US43011954A US2786719A US 2786719 A US2786719 A US 2786719A US 430119 A US430119 A US 430119A US 43011954 A US43011954 A US 43011954A US 2786719 A US2786719 A US 2786719A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
slots
tip
insert
fuel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US430119A
Inventor
Warren G Kingsley
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Bendix Aviation Corp
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Bendix Aviation Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US430119A priority Critical patent/US2786719A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2786719A publication Critical patent/US2786719A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3452—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the cooperating elements being movable, e.g. adjustable relative to one another
    • B05B1/3457—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the cooperating elements being movable, e.g. adjustable relative to one another in response to liquid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/32—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages in which a valve member forms part of the outlet opening
    • B05B1/323—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages in which a valve member forms part of the outlet opening the valve member being actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means

Definitions

  • I NOZZLE E Filed May 17, 1954 fin 130/3 45 ?V 3 44 Q i 35 M /6 A /0 3+ +2 34 K? F15. 1 (/1 42 36 'l fll j;
  • the present invention relates generally to liquid fuel nozzles such as are used for supplying fuel to combustion chambers and more specifically to nozzles for use where space is at a premium and where fuel requirements vary over a wide range.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a nozzle of relatively small size having a relatively large maximum flow capacity.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a nozzle embodying the invention, taken on line 11 of Figure 3;
  • Figure 2 is .a view of the inner face of a nozzle tip of Figures 1 and 3, taken on the plane of line 2-2 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the nozzle taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1.
  • Body 10 is provided with an externally threaded cylindrical portion 16, a flanged portion 18 and a forward face portion 20 having a plurality of tool engageable detents 22 circumferentially spaced about an opening 24 in said face portion.
  • the portion 16 is adapted to be conveniently secured in a fuel conduit or coupling member (not shown) connected to a source of fuel.
  • Nozzle tip 12 is adapted to seat in opening 24 and con tains a conically shaped spin chamber 26 that terminates in a discharge orifice 28 disposed coaxially with said opening.
  • the inner face of the tip is provided with a plurality of slots or channels 30 opening tangentially into the spin chamber.
  • Metering insert 14 is formed with arcuate segments 32 adapted for engagement with internally threaded wall 33 of body 10.
  • the side Walls of insert 14 between the arcuate segments are flat as at 34 and define, with wall 33, passages 35 on either side of the insert which are in direct communication with slots 30.
  • a hollow cylindrical portion 36 of insert 14 is positioned in contact with the inner face of nozzle tip 12.
  • a plurality of longitudinal slots or apertures 38 are formed in the side wall of cylinder 36 and are adapted to provide a flow path between passages 35 and spin chamber 26.
  • a piston 40 is reciprocably carried in cylinder 36 and is adapted to control the flow through slots 38.
  • a spring 42 abuts a retainer 44 at one end and urges said piston in a direction to close slots 38.
  • the pressure of the liquid in slots 30 and spin chamber 28 acts on the piston to urge it, in opposition to said spring, in a direction to open said slots.
  • a bleed 46 is formed in the piston 40 to provide an escape pass-age for fluid trapped behind said piston
  • a filter 48 may be provided for the inlet of the nozzle and is secured in position by a snap ring 50.
  • piston 40 is moved inwardly in opposition to spring 42 whereby slots 38 are opened to provide an additional flow path consisting of passages 35, slots 38, spin chamber 26 and discharge orifices 28.
  • the spring 42 may be calibrated and the size of the slots or apertures 38 varied so as to produce any desired fuel fiow :as a function of fuel pressure.
  • the size of slots 30 is determined so that at very low flow or pressure the angular velocity of the fuel in the spin chamber 26 is sufficient to provide good atomization upon discharge through orifice 28.
  • the additional flow path provided through slots 38 gives the nozzle a relatively high capacity so that with slots 30, the nozzle is capable of providing complete atomization from very low flows to very high flows without sacrific of capacity.
  • a liquid fuel nozzle comprising a housing; a nozzle tip in said housing; a spin chamber in said tip; a plurality of grooves in the inner face of said tip extending from the outer extremity thereof to and tangentially intersecting said chamber; a hollow cylindrical metering insert in said housing in abutting relation with the inner face of said tip; said insert coacting with said grooves to provide a plurality of continuously open passages between said insert and said tip; an inlet communicating with said grooves; a plurality of radially disposed slots in said insert adapted to provide a flow path between said chamber and said inlet; a piston reciprocably mounted in said cylinder for controlling the flow through said slot, said piston adapted in one position to abut the inner face of said tip; a spring in said cylinder urging said piston in a direction to close said slot; and a bleed in said piston connecting the interior thereof with said chamber.
  • a liquid fuel nozzle comprising a housing; a nozzle tip; a chamber in said tip; a groove in the inner face of said tip formed to tangentially intersect said chamber; a hollow cylindrical metering insert in said housing in abutting relation with the inner face of said tip; arcuate segments formed on said insert adapted to secure said insert in said housing; an inlet in said housing in communication with said groove; a slot in said insert adapted to provide a flow path between said inlet and chambers; a pressure responsive piston in said cylinder for controlling the flow through said slot, said piston and insert formed to coact with said groove to provide a continuously open passage between said insert and piston and said tip.

Description

March 1957 w. a. KINGSLEY 2,786,719
I NOZZLE E Filed May 17, 1954 fin 130/3 45 ?V 3 44 Q i 35 M /6 A /0 3+ +2 34 K? F15. 1 (/1 42 36 'l fll j;
IN VEN TOR.
United States Patent NOZZLE Warren G. Kingsley, Elmira, N. Y., assignor to Bendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend, Ind., a corporation of Delaware Application May 17, 1954, Serial No. 430,119
2 Claims. (Cl. 299-120) The present invention relates generally to liquid fuel nozzles such as are used for supplying fuel to combustion chambers and more specifically to nozzles for use where space is at a premium and where fuel requirements vary over a wide range.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid fuel nozzle capable of fuel atomization throughout a wide range of fuel flow.
Another object of the invention is to provide a nozzle of relatively small size having a relatively large maximum flow capacity.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a nozzle embodying the invention, taken on line 11 of Figure 3;
Figure 2 is .a view of the inner face of a nozzle tip of Figures 1 and 3, taken on the plane of line 2-2 of Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the nozzle taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1.
In the drawing numeral designates a nozzle body or housing, 12 a nozzle tip, and 14 a metering insert. Body 10 is provided with an externally threaded cylindrical portion 16, a flanged portion 18 and a forward face portion 20 having a plurality of tool engageable detents 22 circumferentially spaced about an opening 24 in said face portion. The portion 16 is adapted to be conveniently secured in a fuel conduit or coupling member (not shown) connected to a source of fuel.
Nozzle tip 12 is adapted to seat in opening 24 and con tains a conically shaped spin chamber 26 that terminates in a discharge orifice 28 disposed coaxially with said opening. The inner face of the tip is provided with a plurality of slots or channels 30 opening tangentially into the spin chamber.
Metering insert 14 is formed with arcuate segments 32 adapted for engagement with internally threaded wall 33 of body 10. The side Walls of insert 14 between the arcuate segments are flat as at 34 and define, with wall 33, passages 35 on either side of the insert which are in direct communication with slots 30. A hollow cylindrical portion 36 of insert 14 is positioned in contact with the inner face of nozzle tip 12. A plurality of longitudinal slots or apertures 38 are formed in the side wall of cylinder 36 and are adapted to provide a flow path between passages 35 and spin chamber 26. A piston 40 is reciprocably carried in cylinder 36 and is adapted to control the flow through slots 38. A spring 42 abuts a retainer 44 at one end and urges said piston in a direction to close slots 38. The pressure of the liquid in slots 30 and spin chamber 28 acts on the piston to urge it, in opposition to said spring, in a direction to open said slots. A bleed 46 is formed in the piston 40 to provide an escape pass-age for fluid trapped behind said piston.
2,786,719 Patented Mar. 26, 1957 "Ice A filter 48 may be provided for the inlet of the nozzle and is secured in position by a snap ring 50.
In operation, fuel entering the nozzle passes through filter 48 and flows through passages 35, and slots 30 to spin chamber 26 where the angular velocity of the fuel is greatly increased prior to the discharge through orifice 28.
As the pressure of the fuel in slots 30 and spin chamber 26 increases, piston 40 is moved inwardly in opposition to spring 42 whereby slots 38 are opened to provide an additional flow path consisting of passages 35, slots 38, spin chamber 26 and discharge orifices 28. The spring 42 may be calibrated and the size of the slots or apertures 38 varied so as to produce any desired fuel fiow :as a function of fuel pressure. The size of slots 30 is determined so that at very low flow or pressure the angular velocity of the fuel in the spin chamber 26 is sufficient to provide good atomization upon discharge through orifice 28. The additional flow path provided through slots 38 gives the nozzle a relatively high capacity so that with slots 30, the nozzle is capable of providing complete atomization from very low flows to very high flows without sacrific of capacity.
From the above description it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes or arrangements of parts may be made without departing from the scope of my invention.
I claim:
1. A liquid fuel nozzle comprising a housing; a nozzle tip in said housing; a spin chamber in said tip; a plurality of grooves in the inner face of said tip extending from the outer extremity thereof to and tangentially intersecting said chamber; a hollow cylindrical metering insert in said housing in abutting relation with the inner face of said tip; said insert coacting with said grooves to provide a plurality of continuously open passages between said insert and said tip; an inlet communicating with said grooves; a plurality of radially disposed slots in said insert adapted to provide a flow path between said chamber and said inlet; a piston reciprocably mounted in said cylinder for controlling the flow through said slot, said piston adapted in one position to abut the inner face of said tip; a spring in said cylinder urging said piston in a direction to close said slot; and a bleed in said piston connecting the interior thereof with said chamber.
2. A liquid fuel nozzle comprising a housing; a nozzle tip; a chamber in said tip; a groove in the inner face of said tip formed to tangentially intersect said chamber; a hollow cylindrical metering insert in said housing in abutting relation with the inner face of said tip; arcuate segments formed on said insert adapted to secure said insert in said housing; an inlet in said housing in communication with said groove; a slot in said insert adapted to provide a flow path between said inlet and chambers; a pressure responsive piston in said cylinder for controlling the flow through said slot, said piston and insert formed to coact with said groove to provide a continuously open passage between said insert and piston and said tip.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,494,590 Smith Jan. 17, 1950 2,566,788 Berggren et al. a Sept. 4, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 415,274 Great Britain Aug. 23, 1934 581,367 Great Britain Oct. 10, 1946
US430119A 1954-05-17 1954-05-17 Nozzle Expired - Lifetime US2786719A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3081952A (en) * 1961-06-30 1963-03-19 Bendix Corp Fuel nozzle
US3226040A (en) * 1964-06-09 1965-12-28 Scovill Manufacturing Co Aerosol dispenser button
US3520480A (en) * 1968-04-24 1970-07-14 Ex Cell O Corp Fuel spray nozzle
US3632047A (en) * 1970-06-12 1972-01-04 John N Ghougasian Fuel injection nozzle valve
FR2479342A1 (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-10-02 United Technologies Corp ANTI-CARBONIZATION FUEL INJECTOR FOR THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A GAS TURBINE
US6024301A (en) * 1998-10-16 2000-02-15 Combustion Components Associates, Inc. Low NOx liquid fuel oil atomizer spray plate and fabrication method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB415274A (en) * 1932-10-07 1934-08-23 Pillard Chauffage Atomiser with variable output for liquid fuel and the like
GB581367A (en) * 1943-06-15 1946-10-10 Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co Improvements in liquid fuel burners
US2494590A (en) * 1945-08-20 1950-01-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Atomizing structure
US2566788A (en) * 1949-05-21 1951-09-04 Wright Aeronautical Corp Air assisted fuel nozzle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB415274A (en) * 1932-10-07 1934-08-23 Pillard Chauffage Atomiser with variable output for liquid fuel and the like
GB581367A (en) * 1943-06-15 1946-10-10 Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co Improvements in liquid fuel burners
US2494590A (en) * 1945-08-20 1950-01-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Atomizing structure
US2566788A (en) * 1949-05-21 1951-09-04 Wright Aeronautical Corp Air assisted fuel nozzle

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3081952A (en) * 1961-06-30 1963-03-19 Bendix Corp Fuel nozzle
US3226040A (en) * 1964-06-09 1965-12-28 Scovill Manufacturing Co Aerosol dispenser button
US3520480A (en) * 1968-04-24 1970-07-14 Ex Cell O Corp Fuel spray nozzle
US3632047A (en) * 1970-06-12 1972-01-04 John N Ghougasian Fuel injection nozzle valve
FR2479342A1 (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-10-02 United Technologies Corp ANTI-CARBONIZATION FUEL INJECTOR FOR THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A GAS TURBINE
US6024301A (en) * 1998-10-16 2000-02-15 Combustion Components Associates, Inc. Low NOx liquid fuel oil atomizer spray plate and fabrication method thereof

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