US2785747A - Matrix registerer and trimmer - Google Patents

Description

c. w. LE GATE 2,785,747

MATRIX REGISTERER AND TRIMMER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 19, 1957 Filed March 14, 1955 4 INVENTOR.

[HIHHIHHlIh F|G.3 BY

ATTORNEY March 19, 1957 c. w. LE GATE MATRIX REGISTERER AND, TRIMMER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 14, 1955 FIG. 7

Fls lo INVENTOR.

- Has" ATTORNEY United States atent MATRIX REGISTERER AND TREMMER Clifi'ord W. Le Gate, Edmond, Application March 14, 1955, Serial N 0. 494,185

13 Claims. (Cl. 16445) The present invention relates to the art of newspaper publication and more particularly to a device for trimming to an identical size the several matrices of a color series for securing accurate registration of the stereotype plates cast therefrom.

This application is a continuation in part of a former application filed by me in the United States Patent Oifice on February 15, 1954, Serial Number 410,251, Division 17, for an improvement in Registering of Matrices and Registering of Stereotype Plates.

It is well known to those skilled in the art that a separate out or printing plate must he used for printing each color of a colored picture being reproduced, including black, if black is vused. Each one of the several stereotype casts or plates must be properly lined-up or registered on the press cylinder in order that the picture will be properly printed. Out-of-register plates create a displeasing effect in a color picture. Registration of circular printing plates or stereotype casts, as used on the cylinders of rotary printing presses, is often ditficult to obtain, because the plates cannot be easily moved and in many cases cannot be moved far enough to effect a proper register with the mating plates of the color series. In newspaper work human error as well as mechanical failure may easily enter into the making of out-of-register stereotype casts. The several matrices rolled from the properly composed type chases may not shrink evenly or alike; the operator may make an uneven trim along the edge of one or more of the matrices; one or more of the several matrices of a series may not be properly placed within the stereotype casting box, resulting in a stereotype cast with its image twisted, or out of line, with its longitudinal direction of roll when on the press cylinder. Any one or more of these and other factors may cause the plates to be out-of-register when placed upon the printing cylinders. This out-of-register will not be detected until the presses have been started and a number of papers printed. Some corrective adjustment may then be made, as stated hereinabove, which amounts to approximately a total of thirty-thousandths of an inch of movement from top to bottom with respect to the page being printed. It is necessary to stop the presses each time such an adjustment is made. Quite often this small amount of adjustment is not sufficient to correctly align the several plates to secure a correctly printed color picture, thus making it necessary to remake the plates.

One method of producing better registry of the plates has been devised in the scoring or placing of grooves along the four sides of the type chase used, which is recorded by the matrix as a raised line thereon serving as a guide for trimming the matrix prior to its insertion within the stereotype casting box. This helps to effect an approximate register of the plates, but human error in trimming all the matrices exactly alike is most prevalent at this stage of the plate making operation.

Another improvement has been the use of thermostatically controlled heat in the vacuum operated shrinking machines. Theoretically all matrices should shrink 2,785,747 Patented Mar. 19, 1957 alike, but some matrices contain more moisture than others and consequently all do not shrink alike. This variation in shrinkage is so slight that it will not easily be detected until the plates have been made and the presses started printing.

The present invention overcomes the above defects in producing registered rotary color plates by providing a means of individually accurately centering ,each one of the several matrices of a series and identically trimming at least two of their sides to size.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a device for centrally and identically positioning each one of several matrices ,of .a series by the register marks moulded into theedges of the matrix and trimming each matrix to the identical size.

Another important .object of this invention is to provide a matrix edge-trimming device which utilizes register marks centrally moulded into the side edges of the matrix and which plurally perforates one side edge of the matrix for effecting a proper connection with the pouring sheet of the stereotype casting machine.

An additional object of this invention is to provide a means of checking the variation in shrinkage, if any, of the several matrices of a color series.

A further object is to provide a matrix trimming device which utilizes the pull of a vacuum pump to insure that the matrix does not move from its registered position while trimming the same.

The present invention accomplishes these and other objects by providing a table-like stand having a foraminated top operatively connected to a vacuum pump for securely holding the matrices thereon. Register pins adjustabiy carried by the table top indicate the relative position of the matrix by contact with co-operatingly disposed register marks moulded into the matrix. The table is further provided with a conventional punch for plurally perforating one side edge of 'the matrix while centered on the top. Shearing knives carried by the stand trim two adjoining sides of the matrix.

Other objects will be apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying two sheets of drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the device with one shearing knife removed;

Figure 2 is a top view of the device with a matrix thereon and showing the end shearing knife in raised position;

Figure 3 is an end elevational view of the device as shown in Fig. 2 with the side shearing knife removed;

Figure 4 is a fragmentaryelevational view 'of oneof the register pins operatively contacting 'a register mark in a matrix, as shown in cross-section;

Figure 5 is a perspective view-of one of the registering devices;

Figure 6 is an end elevational view of the punch perforating means;

Figure 7. is a side elevational view, partly in section, of the punch means;

Figure 8 is an elevational view of the convex side of a modified stereotype pouring sheet;

Figure 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken substantially along line 9-9 ofFig. 8; and,

Figure 10 is a framentary elevational view of a matrix after having been perforated.

Like characters of reference designate like parts .in those figures of the drawings in which they occur.

in the drawings:

The reference numeral 15 indicates, as a whole, a rectangular box or table-like support stand (Fig. 1) having a substantially flat forarninated top 16 operativelyconnected to a vacuum pump 17' in a conventional manner. The dimensions of the top 16 are of a desired size which is substantially equal to the area enclosed by the conventional trim lines 18, 19, 20 and 21 moulded on the matrix 22 (Fig. 2).

The matrix moulding operation in which register marks are moulded on the longitudinal and transverse center lines adjacent each respective edge is fully covered in my copending application as disclosed hereinabove. One of such register marks is shown in cross-section in Fig. 4.

The longitudinal side of the top 16 'lying under the matrix trim line 19 is equipped with a conventional shearing edge for co-operating with a paper shearing knife 24 in a conventional manner. Similarly the end of the top 16 lying under the matrix trim line 18 is equipped with a shearing edge and co-operating knife 25. As is illustrated in Fig. 2, the knife 25 is in raised position while theknife 24 is actuated to shear the edge of the matrix 22, and similarly the knife 24 must be in raised position while using the knife 25 as more fully explained hereinbelow.

A substantially fiat rectangular plate 28 of selected dimensions substantially smaller. than the top 16 is held in fixed spaced superposed relation to the top 16 by a pair of elongated bracket arms 29 which are attached at opposing ends, as by welding, to the end 30 of the stand and to the upper surface of the plate 28. The plate 28 has side edges 3132.and end edges 3334 which are substantially parallel with the side and end edges, respectively, of the top 16.

A register indicator 40, comprising a hat rectangular base 41 which is longitudinally slidably disposed upon the longitudinal and transverse center lines of the plate 28 adjacent each side edge 3132 and end edge 33-34, respectively, between a pair of co-operating parallel guide rails 42 and 44 (Fig. rigidly connected, as by welding to the upper surface of the plate 28. An elongated register arm 45 is pivotally connected, at a selected point intermediate its ends, to the upper surface of the base 41 between a pair of co-operating upstanding bosses 46 and 47. Each register arm 45 is longitudinally disposed and centrally aligned on each respective longitudinal and transverse center line of the plate 28. An inverted conical register pin 50 is rigidly connected by its base to the under side of each arm 45, respectively, adjacent its outwardly disposed end 48 and depends therefrom toward the top 16.

Each pin 50 is preferably long enough to allow the apex 51 of the pin 50 to contact the bottom of a register mark 52 in the matrix 22 (Fig. 4) while the arm 45 is substantially horizontally disposed. Diametrically the taper pin 50 is substantially equal with relation to the recess of the register mark 52 to be closely received therein. A helical expansion spring 54 carried by the base 41 under the arm 45 adjacent its end 53 acts to vertically pivot the arm 45 and urge the register pin 50 downwardly into the register mark 52.

A laterally extending index arm 43 is pivotally connected at one end to the upper surface of the base 41 and is pivotally connected intermediate its ends to the guide rail 42. Indicia 38 is scored upon the upper surface of the plate 28 below the outermost end 49 of the index arm 43. Longitudinal movement of the base 41 relative to the guide rails 42 and 44 pivots the index arm 43 as shown by dotted lines (Fig. 5) and any such movement however slight is readily seen by the relative position of the index end 49 relative to the indicia 38.

The longitudinal side'portion 55 of the top 16 opposite the knife 24 is provided with punch means 56. A rectangular groove 57 is longitudinally cut in the top 16 adjacent the edge 55 for loosely receiving a substantially rectangular punch body 58. The body 58 is substantially of equal length with relation to the side 55 and transversely is narrower than the width of the groove 57. Suitable spacers 59 and 60 rigidly hold the body 58 against transverse movement within the groove. The punch means 56is conventional with paper punching means with the exception of the shape of the punch body 58, as disclose above, and the shape of the punch pins 61 and 62 adjacent opposing ends of the punch. The punch has a lateral slot 63 co-operatingly horizontally disposed with relation to the top 16 for receiving one side edge of the matrix 22 therein. The central punch pin 64 is circular and is positioned exactly on the transverse center line of the top 16 and in alignment with the register pins 50 on the opposing sides 31 and 32 of the plate 28 for the purpose which will be presently apparent. Cross-sectionally the punch pins 61 and 62 are somewhat elliptical having semi-circular ends longitudinally disposed with relation to the body 58 and paralleling opposing sides and are equally spaced in alignment with and from the center pin 64 adjacent opposite ends of the punch body 58. The punch body 58 is laterally positioned within the groove 57 by adjustment of the spacers 59 and 60 to position the punch pins 61, 62 and 64 to punch apertures in the matrix 22 as indicated at 65, 66 and 67, respectively (Fig. 10) when the handle 68 of the punch is depressed.

A conventional stereotype casting pouring sheet 70 which is used to position a matrix within a stereotype casting machine is centrally provided on the convex side adjacent its lowermost edge, with a cylindrical knob or button 71. Diametrically the knob 71 is substantially equal with relation to the aperture 66 punched by the pin 64 and projects outwardly from the sheet a distance substantially equal with relation to the thickness of the matrix 22. Elongated knobs or buttons 73 and 75 having the same general configuration and spacing-apart as the punch pins 61 and 62. are disposed on the convex side of the pouring sheet adjacent each vertical edge, respectively. The knobs 71, 73 and 75 are alignedly disposed parallel with the bottom edge of the pouring sheet 70. Lengthwise the knobs 73 and 75 are slightly shorter than the perforations 65 and 67. Adjacent each corner formed by the top 77 and sides 78 and 79 the pouring sheet is provided with a comparatively small perforation 80 and 81, respectively, for engagement over co-operating pins, not shown, on the concave side of a stereotype casting machine for indicating when the pouring sheet 70 is properly positioned therein, as more fully explained hereinbelow.

Operation Matrices to be used with the instant invention are moulded from chases made in accordance with the above referred to copending application. These matrices have a raised register mark 52 (Fig. 4), having a central conical depression therein, located adjacent eachedge and inwardly of the conventional trim lines on the exact longitudinal and transverse centerlines of the type area. After the matrix has been shrunk, as desired, and packed or backed for stereotyping it is placed upon the top 16 with the register marks 52 presented upwardly and with the trim knives 24 and 25 in raised position. Each register pin 50 is placed within its respective register mark 52 on the matrix. The matrix is then adjusted to centrally position the same relative to the top 16. If the matrix has been properly shrunk all the indicator arm tips 49 will point to a similar figure of the indicia 38, for example, zero. After centering the matrix on the top 16 the vacuum pump 17 is started and which exerts a vacuum pull upon the hacker downwardly disposed side of the matrix through the foraminated top thus firmly holding the matrix. The knives 24 and 25 are then in; dividually actuated to shear or trim the side of the matrix adjacent the trirnline 19 and the end trim "line 13, respectively, and the punch handle 68 is depressed for plurally perforating the side of the matrix adjacent the trim line 21. Each of the matrices of a series are similarly centered, trimmed and perforated. If all matrices of aseries have identical variations in shrinkage, then printing plates cast therefrom will register; but if one or more of the matrices show variation in shrinkage when attemptavsspav "'5 ing to center the :same, then that particular matrix or matrices may be rernoulded from the chase to correct the error.

After centering, trimming and perforating all matrices of a series they are further trimmed to length adjacent the end trim line 20, in a conventional manner. The matrix, properly heated prior to pouring a stereotype cast, is placed within the top portion of the concave casting box, not shown, with theperforated or top edge upwardly. The lower edge 76 of the pouring sheet 76 is placed 'on the concave side of the matrix and the knob 71 placed within the perforation 66 of the matrix. Since the sides 78 and '79 of the pouring sheet are accurately positioned within the casting box by the grooved edges thereof, as is conventional, fastening the central perforation 66 to the centrally disposed knob 71 properly centers the matrix within the casting box. The parallel sides of the elongated knobs 73 and 75 are closely received by the parallel sides of the perforations 65 and 67, respectively, and each knob 73 and 75 is placed within its respective perforation 65 and 67 of the matrix thus positively aligning the matrix edge in parallel relation with the lower edge 76 of the pouring sheet. The lower edge 76 of the pouring sheet rests against the trim line 21 on the matrix, as is conventional, while the pouring sheet is manually pushed downwardly to its position within the casting machine. To insure that the pouring sheet has been properly placed a pair of small pins, not shown, located within the casting box enter the perforations 80 and 81, respectively, adjacent each upper corner of the pouring sheet when the same has reached the lower limit of its travel.

Obviously the invention is susceptible to some change or alteration without defeating its practicability, and I therefore do not wish to be confined to the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings and described herein, further than 'I am limited by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks moulded thereon the combination with a table-like stand having a substantially flat rectangular foraminated top connecting a vacuum pump and having two sides equipped with shearing knives, said top properly proportioned and disposed for allowing trimming of the matrix to size without moving the same, of: a plate rigidly carried by said table in spaced superposed relation with said top, the sides of said plate spaced inwardly of the edges of said table; and register means carried by said plate for individually and identically positioning each one of the several matrices of a series, whereby a matrix placed upon said table is centrally positioned by said register means and held in place by the action of said vacuum pump for trimming two sides of the matrix by the action of said knives.

2. In a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks centrally moulded thereon adjacent its edges the combination with a table-like stand having a substantially fiat rectangular foraminated top operatively connected to a vacuum pump and having shearing means provided along two adjoining side edges of said top for trimming a matrix, of: a plate rigidly carried by said table in spaced superposed relation with said top, the sides of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said top; and register means carried by the upper surface of said plate centrally disposed adjacent each of its outer edges, respectively, and engaged with said moulded register marks for individually and identically positioning the several matrices of a series, whereby a matrix placed upon said table top is centrally positioned and held in this position by said pump for trimming the two sides of the matrix.

3. In a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks moulded thereon adjacent its edges the combination with a table-like stand having a substan- .6 tially flat foraminated top operatively connected to a vacuum pump and having at least two-edges equipped with shearing knives, said top properly portioned for allowing trimming of the matrix to size without moving the same, of: a plate rigidly carried in spaced superposed relation with said top, the edges of said plate spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said top; register eans carried by said plate for individually and identically positioning each one of the several matrices of a series, said means including an arm pivotally mounted for vertical and longitudinal movement on said plate adjacent each edge on the longitudinal and transverse center lines thereof, respectively, said arms projecting outwardly beyond and in perpendicular relation to each said edge, respectively, a depending pin rigidly carried by the outermost end of each said arm, respectively, for engagement with each said'register mark, respectively, of each said matrix; and indicia means carried by said arm for registering variations between different ones of said several matrices, whereby said matrices may be individually centrally positioned on said top and held in place thereon by the action of said pump while said shearing means trims the matrix to size.

4. In a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks centrally moulded thereon adjacent its edges, the combination with a table-like stand having a substantially fiat rectangular foraminated top operatively connected to a vacuum pump and having shearing means provided along two adjoining edges of said top for trimming a matrix to size, of: a plate rigidly carried in spaced superposed relation with said top, the edges of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said top; and register means carried by said plate for engaging with said moulded register marks of said matrices, said means including an arm pivotally mounted for vertical and longitudinal movement on said plate adjacent each edge thereof on the longitudinal and transverse center lines, respectively, of the same, said arms projecting outwardly beyond and in perpendicular relation to each said edge, respectively, a depending pin rigidly carried by the outermost end of each said arm, respectively, for engaging with each said register mark, respectively, of each said matrix, eachsaid arm marked indicially with relation to said plate for registering variations between different ones of said several matrices, whereby said matrices may individually be disposed centrally onsaid top and held securely thereon by the action of said pump thereby permit-ting said shearing means to actuate in trimming the matrix to size.

'5. In a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks centrally moulded thereon adjacent its edges, the combination with a table-like stand having a substantially fiat rectangular foraminated top operatively connecting a vacuum pump, of: a shearing edge provided along one side and one end of said top; matrix shearing knives carried by said stand for shearing along said one side andsaid one end, respectively, by downward movement of said knives; a plate rigidly carried by said stand in spaced superposed relation with said top, the sides of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said top; and register means carried by the plate centrally disposed adjacent each of its outer edges, respectively, and engaged with said moulded register marks for individually and identically positionin the several matrices of a series, whereby a matrix placed upon said top is centrally positioned thereon and held in this position by said pump for trimming the two sides of the matrix.

6. in a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks centrally moulded thereon adjacent its edges, the combination with a table-like stand having a substantially fiat rectangular feraminated top operatively connected to a vacuum pump, of: a shearing edge provided along one side and along one end ofsaid top; shearing knives carried by said stand and co-operating with said shearing edges for shearing one side and one end respectively, of a matrix; matrix perforating punch means carried by said top along one longitudinal side thereof opposite said side-shearing edge for plurally perforating the adjacent edge of a matrix; a plate rigidly carried by said stand in spaced superposed relation with said top, the sides of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said top; and register means carried by the plate centrally disposed adjacent each of its outer edges, respectively, and engaged with said moulded register marks for individually and identically positioning the several matrices of a series, whereby a matrix placed upon said top is centrally disposed thereon and held by said pump for trimming the two sides of said matrix and plurally perforating one side of the matrix by actuation of said punch means.

7. In a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks centrally moulded thereon adjacent its edges, the combination with a table-like stand having a substantially fiat rectangular foraminated top operatively connected to a vacuum pump, of: a shearing edge provided along one side and along one end of said top; matrix shearing knives carried by said stand for shearing along said one side and said one end, respectively, by downward movement of said knives; a plate rigidly carried by said stand in spaced superposed relation with said top, the sides of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said top; register means carried by said plate for engaging with said moulded register marks ofsaid matrices, said means including an arm pivotally mounted for vertical and longitudinal movement on said plate adjacent each edge thereof on the longitudinal and transverse center lines, respectively, of the same, said arms projecting outwardly beyond and in perpendicular relation with each said edge, respectively, a depending pin rigidly carried by the outermost end of each said arm, respectively, for engagement with each said register mark, respectively, of each said matrix; said plate marked indicially relative to said arm'for registering variations between different ones of said several matrices, whereby said matrices may be individually and centrally positioned on said top and held in place thereon' by said pump while said shearing means is actuated for trimming the matrix to size.

8. In a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks centrally moulded thereon adjacent their edges, the combination with a table-like stand having a substantially flat rectangular foraminated top operatively connected to a vacuum pump, of: a shearing edge provided along one side and one end of said top; shearing knives carried by said stand and co-operating with said shearing edges for shearing one side and one end, respectively, of a matrix; matrix perforating punch means carried by said top along one longitudinal side thereof opposite said side shearing edge for plurally perforating the adjacent edge of a matrix; a plate rigidly carried by said stand in spaced superposed relation with said top,

7 the sides of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said top; and register means carried by said plate for engaging with said moulded register marks of said matrices, said register means including an arm pivotally mounted for vertical and longitudinal movement on said plate adjacent each edge thereof on the longitudinal and transverse center lines, respectively, of the same, said arms projecting outwardly beyond and in perpendicular relation with each said edge, respectively, a depending pin rigidly carried by the outermost end of each said arm, respectively, for engagement with each said register mark, respectively, of each said matrix, each said arm marked indicially relative to said plate for registering variations between diiferent ones of said several matrices, whereby said matrices may be individually and centrally positioned on said top and held in place thereon by the action of said pump while said shearing means is actuated in trimming the matrix to size and said punch means simultaneously plurally perforates one side there- 9. In a matrix registerer and trimmer for matrices having register marks centrally moulded thereon adjacent their edges, the combination with a table-like stand having a horizontally disposed substantially flat rectangular foraminated top operatively'connected to a vacuum pump, of: a shearing edge provided along one side and along one end of said top; shearing knives carried by said stand and co-operating with said shearing edges for shearing one side and one end, respectively, of a matrix; matrix perforating punch means carried by said top along one longitudinal edge thereof opposite said shearing edge for plurally perforating the adjacent'edge ofa matrix; a plate rigidly carried by said stand in spaced superposed relation with said top, the sides of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said top; and register means carried by said plate for engaging with said moulded register marks of said matrices, whereby said matrices may be individually and centrally positioned on said top and held in place thereon by said pump while said shearing means is actuated for trimming the matrix to size and the matrix is perforated by said punching means.

10. Structure as specified in claim 9 in which the register means includes: spaced-apart pairs of parallel guide rails rigidly connected to the upper surface of said plate adjacent each edge, respectively, and are adjacent and parallel with the longitudinal and transverse center lines of said plate; a base longitudinally slidably disposed between each said pair of guide rails, respectively, an arm pivotally connected intermediate its ends to the upper surface of each said base, respectively, and extending outwardly beyond the edges of said plate on the longitudinal and transverse center lines of said plate for vertical movement relative to the same; a depending register pin rigidly carried by the outermost end of each said arm for engagement within each said moulded registermark, respectively, spring means for urging the outer end of each said arm downwardly; and'an indexing arm pivotally carried by each said base for indicating the longitudinal position of each said register arm relative to said plate.

11. A gauge for checking the registry of each matrix of a series, said matrices having'register marks molded therein adjacent each respective side edge, including: a table-like matrix receiving support; a plate rigidly carried by said support in spaced superposed relation to the ripper surface thereof; and register means adjustably carried by said plate adjacent its edges for engagement with the reg ister marks of each said matrix, respectively, whereby the several matrices of a series may be consecutively centered with relation to said plate and said support by said register means for recording the variation of the spacing between the register marks of each said matrix relative to the register marks of the other matrices of the series.

12. A guage for checking the registry of each matrix of -'a series, said matrices having centrally disposed register marks molded therein adjacent each respective side edge, including: a table-like support; a plate rigidly carried by said support in spaced superposed relation with the upper surface thereof, the sides of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said support; and register means adjustably carried centrally by each respective side edge of said plate for engagement with the register marks of each said matrix, respectively, each respective register means adjustable with respect to said plate and said matrix only along the respective transverse and longitudinal center line of said matrix, whereby the several matrices of a series may be consecutively centered with relation to said plate and said support by said register means for recording the variation of the spacing between the register marks of each said matrix relative to the register marks of the other matrices of the series.

13. A gauge for checking the registry of each matrix of a series, said matrices having centrally disposed register marks molded therein adjacent each respective side edge, including: a table-like matrix receiving support; a plate rigidly carried by said support in spaced superposed relation with the upper surface thereof, the sides of said plate being spaced inwardly with relation to the edges of said support; and register means adjustably carried centrally by each respective side edge PE said plate for engagement with the register marks of each said matrix, respectively, said register means comprising an arm pivotally and slidably mounted on said plate adjacent each edge thereof on the respective transverse and longitudinal center line of the same, said arms projecting outwardly beyond and in perpendicular relation With each said edge, respectively, 2. depending pin rigidly carried by the outermost end of each said arm, respectively, for engagement with each respective register mark of each said matrix, each said arm indicially marked relative to said plate for recording variations of the spacing between the register marks of References Cited in the file of this patent each said matn'x relative to the register marks of the 15 2,256,606

other matrices of the series.

UNITED STATES PATENTS Williams Jan. 8, Rosenberg May 18, Shoemaker Apr. 12, Cobb Oct. 16, Bassett Dec. 23, Juul Mar. 12, Parker Nov. 25, Laukhufi May 24, Forbes Sept. 13, Bosworth Apr. 10, Wood Mar. 9, Blanc Sept. 23, Swanson Apr. 7,

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