US2783146A - Semi-hydrotropic chemical lignocellulose pulping process - Google Patents

Semi-hydrotropic chemical lignocellulose pulping process Download PDF

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US2783146A
US2783146A US480400A US48040055A US2783146A US 2783146 A US2783146 A US 2783146A US 480400 A US480400 A US 480400A US 48040055 A US48040055 A US 48040055A US 2783146 A US2783146 A US 2783146A
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pulp
percent
lignocellulose
chemical
hydrotropic
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US480400A
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Ralph H Mckee
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Mckee Dev Corp
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Mckee Dev Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/003—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with organic compounds

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  • This invention relates to a process for making cellulosic pulps and the product therefrom. More particularly, it relates to a process for cooking lignin containing cellu losic material, without appreciable loss in weight of the lignin content of the material due to solvent action, to render said material suitable for rapid disintegration into its fibrous components.
  • a chemical paper pulp is produced which contains substantially all the lignin origi-- originally present in the lignocellulose material are dissolved by this inventive process.
  • a high yield of chemical pulp for example 90 percent of the weight of the original lignocellulose is obtainable by the process of this invention.
  • the commonly used sulfite or sulfate processes gives a pulp yield of only about 50 percent of the original weight of the lignocellulose material.
  • Substantially any lignocellulose material may be pulped by this process, for example, the various woody plants, such as poplar, maple, etc. the various grasses such as kunai and wheat'straw, also bamboo, kenaf and the like type of lignocellulose may be pulped by this process, as well as the bagasse obtained from the sugar cane industry.
  • the pulp obtained by the process of this invention is a chemical pulp. It contains about /2 the pentosan content of the original lignocellulose just as is the case for chemi cal pulps. Yet it possesses many of the desirable qualities of groundwood, which contains substantially 100 percent of 'the pentosans, without possessing the undesirable groundwood properties such as turning yellow or brow on exposure to ultra-violet light.
  • the pulp obtained in this invention is a novel product and inventive as such, since it possesses a fibrous texture and strength characteristics similar to that of the commonly available chemical sulfite and sulfate pulps, yet it also possesses the high opacity of groundwood pulps.
  • Chemical pulps for example, bleached sulfate pulp, ex-
  • a sheet or paper made from chemical pulp produced by this process compares very well to the tear test and burst test properties of paper made from sulfite or sulfate pulp.
  • the high lignin pulp of this invention is a' chemical pulp exhibiting qualities comparable to substantially'ligniu-fr ee sulfite or fulfate chemical pulp.
  • the percentage of chemical constituents of this pulp approximates groundwood pulp
  • the desirable physical properties of this new pulp approximates that of the commonly available unbleached chemical sulfite or sulfate pulps.
  • the chemical pulp of this invention is distinguished in that it contains the naturally occurring lignin in substantially its natural chemical condition and in substantially the percentage amount occurring in the lignocellulose raw material used.
  • two refiners in series' may be used in place of the single refiner 26.
  • bamboo, kenaf, bagasse and some woods are pulped the product from the refiner 26, being cream colored, it is useable as such without bleaching.
  • Example I One part by weight of bagasse was heated with twelve parts by weight of a 1 percent aqueous solution of sodium Xylenesulfonate for two hours at 95 C. The pulp was removed from the cooking solution, then washed with water, refined and bleached using three treatments of dilute hypochlorite solution with intermediate washings with water. The resulting product was refined and made into paper. This paper compared with paper made from 100 percent commercially produced spruce groundwood pulp, a high opacity pulp. The paper made from 100 percent spruce groundwood pulp-showed an opacity of only 92 percent whereas the paper made from 100 percent bagasse pulp made by the hydrotropic process of this invention showed an opacity figure 4 percent higher or 96 percent. Standard newsprint of 80 percent groundwood and 20 percent spruce sulphite shows an opacity of about 90 percent and whole bagasse bleached kraft chemical pulp shows an opacity of about 79 percent.
  • Example II Bamboo chips (Phyllostachy bambusoides) were heated with ten times its weight of a 2 percent aqueous solution of sodium xylenesulfonate which had been previously used for the same purpose and which had a pH of about 4. The heating was in an open kettle for three hours at 95 to 100 C. The residual chips were washed with water and refined but not bleached, since the resulting bamboo pulp was light in color and sufliciently opaque to be used in newsprint in place of groundwood. The residual light colored cooking liquor had a pH of 4 and with a slight strengthening back to 2 percent with additional hydrotropic salt it was ready for reuse. Analysis of the pulp showed that the bamboo pulp had substantially the same lignin content as the bamboo chips but only about of the original pentosan content. The yield of pulp was 87 percent of the bamboo chips taken.
  • Example III One part by weight of the woody residue left from the stalks of kenaf after removal of the fibrous bark was heated at 95 C. for three hours with ten parts by weight of a 1 percent aqueous sodium xylenesulfonate solution to which suflicient Xylenesulfonic acid had been added to bring the solution to a pH of 3. The resulting pulp, after washing and refining but with no bleaching, was almost white and possessed a high opacity.
  • Example 1V One part of weight of chips of aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides) were heated for 4 hours at 100 C. with 7 parts by weight of a 2 percent sodium cymenesulfonate solution made acid to a pH of 4 by addition of a small amount of cymenesulfonic acid. After washing and refining, the pulp was a light tan color which could easily be bleached to a light cream color by use of a hypochlorite or a peroxide solution. The resulting pulp was of excellent quality. It was obtained in high yield and it had a lignin content of 22 percent and only 14 percent pentosans.
  • Heating was continued for a total period of three hours at 97 to 100 C.
  • the liquid was then removed, the chips'roughly washed with cold water, and then refined by passage at successively closer settings, three times through a small Sutherland disk refiner.
  • the resulting pulp was screened on a 12 cut screen and the fines rescreened on an 8 cut commercial type screen. Only a small proportion of screenings were obtained.
  • the pulp through the 8 cut screen was bleached at a pH of 9 with about 8 percent of chlorine in the form of hypochlorite solution.
  • the resulting birch pulp on analysis showed a lignin content within 1 percent of the percentage of lignin present in the untreated chips but the percentage of pentosans in the pulp had been reduced by some 8 percent compared to the amount in the original birch chips.
  • the yield pulp was 88 percent and the color of the pulp was a cream white.
  • the pulp possessed high opacity. In general it was not as strong or as permanent a type of pulp as that made by the sulphite process but it was of better color and quality than would have been obtained from yellow birch by the groundwood process.
  • a dilute solution is meant one having a concentration of about one to about five percent of the hydrotropic salt in water and by cooking is meant a process similar to that of preparing food by boiling food in water in an open vessel or a pressure cooker.
  • a lignocellulose pulp from pentosan containing lignocellulose material said pulp having substantially the lignin content of the lignocellulose material comprising cooking said starting material with a dilute 1 to 5 percent aqueous solution of a hydrotropic compound selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, cymenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and their alkali metal salts until a substantial amount of the pentosans is removed.
  • a hydrotropic compound selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, cymenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and their alkali metal salts until a substantial amount of the pentosans is removed.
  • a lignocellulose pulp from pentosan containing lignocellulose material said pulp having substantially the lignin content of the lignocellulose material comprising cooking said starting material with a dilute l to 5 percent aqueous solution of a hydrotropic compound selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, cymenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and their alkali metal salts at from 95 C. to 100 C. until from /3 to /z of the original pentosan content is removed.
  • a hydrotropic compound selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, cymenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and their alkali metal salts

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US480400A 1956-11-26 1955-01-07 Semi-hydrotropic chemical lignocellulose pulping process Expired - Lifetime US2783146A (en)

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GB36119/56A GB841429A (en) 1956-11-26 1956-11-26 Chemical lignocellulose pulping process and product

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2301634A1 (fr) * 1975-02-19 1976-09-17 Inst Voor Bewaring Procede de fabrication de papier et de carton
WO1979000119A1 (en) * 1977-08-31 1979-03-22 Thermoform Ag Process allowing the delignification and the transformation into sugar of lignocellulose vegetal materials by using organic solvents
US4409032A (en) * 1977-08-31 1983-10-11 Thermoform Bau-Und Forschungsgesellschaft Organosolv delignification and saccharification process for lignocellulosic plant materials
US4470851A (en) * 1981-03-26 1984-09-11 Laszlo Paszner High efficiency organosolv saccharification process
ITMI20081863A1 (it) * 2008-10-21 2010-04-22 Eni Spa Procedimento per la produzione di lipidi da biomassa
WO2019079388A1 (en) * 2017-10-17 2019-04-25 Auburn University PHENOLS AS ADDITIVES IN KRAFT PASTE REDUCTION
US12195919B2 (en) * 2021-11-18 2025-01-14 Kanbol, Inc. Multi-step low temperature and low pressure process for agricultural feedstock stock preparation with hemicellulose and lignin recovery
US12338578B2 (en) 2021-05-28 2025-06-24 Kanbol, Inc. System and method for refining agricultural fibers to a pulp specification

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1658213A (en) * 1924-09-30 1928-02-07 Otto C Strecker Process for the production of cellulose by decomposition of vegetable fibers
GB271524A (en) * 1926-05-21 1928-03-29 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process of disintegrating vegetable fibre bundles
US1705424A (en) * 1924-09-30 1929-03-12 Strecker Otto Carl Process for the production of cellulose by decomposition of vegetable fibers
US1843851A (en) * 1929-06-15 1932-02-02 Thuau Urbain Jules Leon Process of degumming textile plants
US2287332A (en) * 1939-05-25 1942-06-23 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Rotary digester
US2308564A (en) * 1938-05-13 1943-01-19 Ralph H Mckee Recovery of cellulose and lignin from wood
CA461373A (en) * 1949-11-29 H. Mckee Ralph Process for the treatment of lignin containing cellulosic material
US2538457A (en) * 1946-11-02 1951-01-16 Monie S Hudson Treating wood
US2615883A (en) * 1947-09-19 1952-10-28 Iowa State College Res Found Production of lignin, cellulose, and pentosans

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA461373A (en) * 1949-11-29 H. Mckee Ralph Process for the treatment of lignin containing cellulosic material
US1658213A (en) * 1924-09-30 1928-02-07 Otto C Strecker Process for the production of cellulose by decomposition of vegetable fibers
US1705424A (en) * 1924-09-30 1929-03-12 Strecker Otto Carl Process for the production of cellulose by decomposition of vegetable fibers
GB271524A (en) * 1926-05-21 1928-03-29 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process of disintegrating vegetable fibre bundles
US1843851A (en) * 1929-06-15 1932-02-02 Thuau Urbain Jules Leon Process of degumming textile plants
US2308564A (en) * 1938-05-13 1943-01-19 Ralph H Mckee Recovery of cellulose and lignin from wood
US2287332A (en) * 1939-05-25 1942-06-23 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Rotary digester
US2538457A (en) * 1946-11-02 1951-01-16 Monie S Hudson Treating wood
US2615883A (en) * 1947-09-19 1952-10-28 Iowa State College Res Found Production of lignin, cellulose, and pentosans

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2301634A1 (fr) * 1975-02-19 1976-09-17 Inst Voor Bewaring Procede de fabrication de papier et de carton
WO1979000119A1 (en) * 1977-08-31 1979-03-22 Thermoform Ag Process allowing the delignification and the transformation into sugar of lignocellulose vegetal materials by using organic solvents
US4409032A (en) * 1977-08-31 1983-10-11 Thermoform Bau-Und Forschungsgesellschaft Organosolv delignification and saccharification process for lignocellulosic plant materials
DE2857039C2 (de) * 1977-08-31 1994-01-13 Thermoform Bau Forschung Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Lignocellulose
US4470851A (en) * 1981-03-26 1984-09-11 Laszlo Paszner High efficiency organosolv saccharification process
WO2010046051A3 (en) * 2008-10-21 2010-08-26 Eni S.P.A. Process for the production of lipids from biomass
ITMI20081863A1 (it) * 2008-10-21 2010-04-22 Eni Spa Procedimento per la produzione di lipidi da biomassa
EA019318B1 (ru) * 2008-10-21 2014-02-28 Эни С.П.А. Способ получения липидов из биомассы
EA019318B9 (ru) * 2008-10-21 2014-06-30 Эни С.П.А. Способ получения липидов из биомассы
WO2019079388A1 (en) * 2017-10-17 2019-04-25 Auburn University PHENOLS AS ADDITIVES IN KRAFT PASTE REDUCTION
US11390990B2 (en) 2017-10-17 2022-07-19 Auburn University Phenols as additives in kraft pulping
US12338578B2 (en) 2021-05-28 2025-06-24 Kanbol, Inc. System and method for refining agricultural fibers to a pulp specification
US12195919B2 (en) * 2021-11-18 2025-01-14 Kanbol, Inc. Multi-step low temperature and low pressure process for agricultural feedstock stock preparation with hemicellulose and lignin recovery

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GB841429A (en) 1960-07-13

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