US2779739A - Turbine lubricating oil compositions - Google Patents
Turbine lubricating oil compositions Download PDFInfo
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- US2779739A US2779739A US2779739DA US2779739A US 2779739 A US2779739 A US 2779739A US 2779739D A US2779739D A US 2779739DA US 2779739 A US2779739 A US 2779739A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 104
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauric acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 52
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 14
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- -1 alkyl phosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000282890 Sus Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001721 combination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003389 potentiating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/24—Emulsion properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved turbine lubricating oil compositions and, more particularly, to a novel liquid lubricant composition possessing a combination of properties that adapt it for usage under severe rustinducing conditions such as. are generally encountered in lubrication of steam turbines innaval and other marine operations.
- a lubricant for such usage are (1) that it separate readily from water without formation of troublesome emulsions and (2) that it protect metal components of the turbine against rusting.
- the aforesaid specification also describes a test for determining the emulsion characteristics of the lubricant. Briefly, in that test, ml. of the lubricant under test and 40 ml.- of 1% aqueous sodium chloride are stirred together for five minutes at 1500 R. P. M. in a 100 ml.' graduate at 130 F. The test is repeated with the exception that distilled water is used instead of synthetic sea water. must separate from the aqueous phase within 30 minutes.
- a lubricant for steam turbine operation should possess the ability to readily separate from water without formation of troublesome emulsions and prevent rusting of metal parts of the system continually wetted by the lubricant as well as those parts which are not continually wetted by the lubricant.
- Patent No. 2,452,321 rust-preventive compositions are disclosed that contain a base oil blended with small amounts of a dicarboxylic acid and an acid phosphate, such a combination being set forth therein as having highly eflective rust-preventive properties in the synthetic sea water test.
- compositions may impart rust-preventive properties to a lubricant for steam turbine operation
- use of a dicarboxylic acid, as exemplified by alkenylated succinic acid, in combination with an alkyl acid phosphate generally imparts to the oil compositions a decided tendency to emulsify whereby such compositions do not consistently, if at all, pass the emulsion test set forth in the aforedescribed Navy specification or the vapor phase corrosion test.
- the invention contemplates use of mineral oil base lubricants havingviscosity charcateristics suitable for turbine lubricants.
- Phenyl v Synthetic Phase Ortholcum Stearic Ionex Being Caprylie Alfiha- Distilled Synthetic Sea Water Corrosion 162 j Acid 7 Acid Acid Nap thyl- Water Seawater amine r Pass Pass Pass. Pass Pass about 400-500 SUS at 100 'F.
- Particularly suitable as the lubricantbase are highly refined mineral oil fractions, of turbine lubricating viscosity, such as solvent refined oils obtained by use of solvent extraction processes such as are well known to the art.
- solvent refined oils obtained by use of solvent extraction processes such as are well known to the art.
- oils of turbine lubrieating grade prepared by solvent extraction of lubeoil distillates by use of furfural.
- 'Cne component of the combination additive is an oil- 'solubie substantially water-insoluble alkyl acid phosphate and, in particular, acid phosphates that contain an alkyl grouping of from about 8 to' 18 carbon atoms.
- alkyl acid phosphates such as the di-Z- ethylhexyl acid phosphates, lauryl acid phosphates, and the like.
- the other component of the combination additive is an oil-soluble substantially water-insoluble fatty acid that contains a lesser number of carbon atoms than stearic acid.
- the fatty acids contemplated for use herein which are oil-soluble but of carbon atoms than stearic .acid are referred to hereinafter as low'molecular weight fatty acids.
- low'molecular weight fatty acids As is apparent from the disclosure set forth hereinafter, the use of acid phosphates in combination with a low molecular Weight fattyacid as aforedescribed provides a combination additive that is so effective in imparting the aforediscussed three-fold properties to turbine oils that turbine oil compositions possessing such properties can be prepared by use of very small amounts of the acid phosphate and fatty acid.
- the following tabulation sets forth data pertaining to numerous turbine oil compositions and the performance characteristics thereof with respect to ability to resist emu-lsification and prevent rusting and vapor phase corrosion, the latter being determined by observing at the completion of 24 hours the portion of the steel specimen that is not submerged in the synthetic sea water bath when the specimen is subjected to the conditions'of the aforedescribed rusting test.
- example No. 1 relates to the per-;
- Example No. 1 illustrates the inadequacy of the base oil itself to adequately protect metal surfaces against rusting and vapor phase corrosion; and Examples Nos.
- compositions as embodied herein may also contain ingredients, in addition to the acid phosphate and low molecular Weight fatty acid, for imparting additional desired properties to the lubricant, the usage of such other ingredients being illustrated by use 'of the aromatic amine anti-oxidant with obtainment of compositions that possess the aforedescribed desired properties evidenced by passage of the emulsion, rusting and vapor phase corrosion tests.
- examples Nos. 11, 12 and 14 to 17, inclusive ineach instance wherein the compositions contained a combination of the alkyl acid phosphate and low molecular weight fatty acid and were imparted with vapor phase corrosion-inhibiting properties, satisfactory performance in the rusting and emulsion test was also obtained.
- the compositions embodied herein comprise the base oil in major amount and, for most purposes, the compositions comprise the baseoil in an amount of at least about. 99% based 'on'the weight thereof.
- the amount of the combination additive employed maybe varied depending upon'the properties'desired in the turbine oil with respect to charte'cirstics such as its ability to inhibit formation of stable emulsions with water, proteet-ion against rusting and vapor. phase corrosion, neutralization number, and so forth, the amount of the corn bination additive employed is usually within the range of about 0. 01 to 1.0% by weight and, for most instances, highly satisfactory compositionsare prepared by use of the combination additive in amounts of about 0.01 to 0.1%.
- the relative proportion of alkyl acid phosphate to low molecular weight fatty acid in the combination additive may also be varied depending upon particular requirements, the actual proportion employed being such that for a particular turbine oil the combination additive comprises a proportional amount of alkyl phosphate to fatty acid such that the resulting composition is satisfactory with respect to emulsification characteristics and provides adequate protection against both rusting and vapor phase corrosion.
- the proportion of acid alkyl phosphate to low molecular weight fatty acid may be varied to meet particular requirements, an illustration of a suitable proportion is use in combina tion of one part by weight of the acid alkyl phosphate to about one to about five parts of the low molecular Weight fatty acid.
- a lubricating composition comprising a mineral oil of turbine lubricating grade in major amount based on the weight of the composition having dissolved therein from about 0.01 to about 1.0 percent by weight of a combination additive consisting essentially of a mixture of monoand di-lauryl acid phosphate and a fatty acid from the group consisting of caprylic acid and lauric acid in a weight ratio of one part of said mixture of phosphates to from about one to about five parts of the fatty acid.
- composition as defined in claim 2 which, in addition, contains a small amount of an oil-soluble aromatic amine anti-oxidant.
- composition as defined in claim 3, wherein the anti-oxidant is phenyl alpha naphthylamine.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
TURBINE LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITIONS John D. Spivack, Bayonne,'N. J., assignor to Tidewater Oil Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application June 26, 1951,
'- "Serial No. 233,707
4 Claims. (Cl. 252-493 The present invention relates to improved turbine lubricating oil compositions and, more particularly, to a novel liquid lubricant composition possessing a combination of properties that adapt it for usage under severe rustinducing conditions such as. are generally encountered in lubrication of steam turbines innaval and other marine operations.
As those skilled in the art are aware, the requirements of a turbine lubricating oil are very exacting and are particularly so for contemplated usage thereof under conditions wherein the lubricant may come into contact with condensed steam and/or sea water such as due to steam leaks through shaft seals as well as water from oil coolers of steam turbine lubricating systems.
Among the desired requisites for a lubricant for such usage are (1) that it separate readily from water without formation of troublesome emulsions and (2) that it protect metal components of the turbine against rusting.
Since the art is well aware of the importance attached to the aforesaid requisites of a lubricant for turbine operation, it is not deemed essential to discuss the importance thereof in more detail herein. For purposes of illustration, however, the importance thereof is evidenced by the rigid specifications for steam turbine lubricants set forth in Navy Department specification pamphlet 14-0-15, Symbol 2190-T, as amended March 1, 1948. That specification describes a corrosion test for determining the ability of a lubricant to prevent metal corrosion in the presence of synthetic sea water. Briefly, the test provides that polished cylindrical steel specimens be partially immersed for 48 hours in a bath maintained at 140 F. and composed of 300 ml. of the lubricant under test and ml. of synthetic sea water. In order to pass that test, the immersed portions of the steel specimens must show no corrosion at the completion of the 48-hour period. The aforesaid specification also describes a test for determining the emulsion characteristics of the lubricant. Briefly, in that test, ml. of the lubricant under test and 40 ml.- of 1% aqueous sodium chloride are stirred together for five minutes at 1500 R. P. M. in a 100 ml.' graduate at 130 F. The test is repeated with the exception that distilled water is used instead of synthetic sea water. must separate from the aqueous phase within 30 minutes.
In the operation of a properly lubricated steam turbine,
certain metal components of the system are continually xwetted by the lubricant Whereas other metal components thereof are wetted only occasionally. In the operation of a turbine, it is highly desirable that a lubricant therefor should not only protect against rusting of metal components of the system continually wetted by the oil but also those corrodible metal parts of the system that are not continually flooded by the lubricant, the corrosion of which, for purposes of convenience, is hereinafter termed .vapor phase corrosion." The capability of a lubricant to protect against vapor phase corrosion is determinable by use of the aforedescribed rusting test and observation In order to pass those tests, the oil nited States Patent .0
2,779,739 Patented Jain. 29, 1957 ice of that portion of the steel specimen subjected to said test which is not immersed in the bath. Generally speaking, occurrence of vapor phase corrosion, if any, in operation of steam turbines is most potent at the start of the turbine operation as, at that time, condensation normally occurs more extensively than during subsequent operation. It is desirable, therefore, that in such operation a lubricant should be so effective in inhibiting vapor phase corrosion as to protect the metal parts of the system not continually wetted against vapor phase corrosion during the initial operation of the turbine as well as on extended operation thereof. Thus, in summary, a lubricant for steam turbine operation, especially under severe rustinducing conditions, should possess the ability to readily separate from water without formation of troublesome emulsions and prevent rusting of metal parts of the system continually wetted by the lubricant as well as those parts which are not continually wetted by the lubricant.
Many additives have been considered for or actually are used in lubricants for use in steam turbine operation. Among such additives are saturated long chain fatty acids as described in U. S. Patent No. 2,281,676. With reference thereto, the long chain fatty acids, as exemplified by stearic acid,- impart a certain degree of rust-preventive characteristics to oils whereby such oils find usage in operation of steam turbines that are subjected to mild rust-inducive conditions but such acids do not consistently, if at all, provide adequate protection against rusting under the condition of the aforedescribed synthetic sea water rusting test, or against vapor phase corrosion, or both. Other patents relate to the use of alkyl acid phosphates in turbine oils and although such phosphates impart certain desired properties to many oil compositions, the acid phosphates per "se do not, as far as I am aware, impart to oil compositions containing same the ability to effectively inhibit vapor phase corrosion. In Patent No. 2,452,321, rust-preventive compositions are disclosed that contain a base oil blended with small amounts of a dicarboxylic acid and an acid phosphate, such a combination being set forth therein as having highly eflective rust-preventive properties in the synthetic sea water test. However, and although such compositions may impart rust-preventive properties to a lubricant for steam turbine operation, use of a dicarboxylic acid, as exemplified by alkenylated succinic acid, in combination with an alkyl acid phosphate generally imparts to the oil compositions a decided tendency to emulsify whereby such compositions do not consistently, if at all, pass the emulsion test set forth in the aforedescribed Navy specification or the vapor phase corrosion test. Although the aforesaid patents represent only certain specific illustrations of additives suggested in the prior art for use in turbine lubricants, they serve to illustrate the preparation of oils for certain requirements by addition thereto of a fatty acid, or of an alkyl phosphate, or of an alkyl phosphate in combination with a dicarboxylic acid. However, and as is apparent from the disclosure set forth hereinafter, such compositions fail to consistently, if at all, possess the three-fold desired combination of properties discussed hereinbefore, i. e., rust protective ability under severe rust-inducing conditions for metal components of the turbine continually flooded by the lubricant, protection of the metal components not continually flooded against vapor phase corrosion, and the ability to readily separate from water that comes into contact with the oil Without formation of troublesome I III- II II In. I
"For use as'the-lubricant-oil, the invention contemplates use of mineral oil base lubricants havingviscosity charcateristics suitable for turbine lubricants. Illustrative thereof are low viscosity oils suitable for preparation of -light turbine oils e. g.-,-having aviscosity'of-about' 150465 SUS at 100" -F., and;high viscosity-oils suitable forpreparation of heav y turbine oils, 'e.;=g., having a viscosity of Composition, Pereent'by weight in Light Turbine Oil "-Emu'lsion Test Busting Test in Vapor Example N o. Phenyl v Synthetic Phase Ortholcum Stearic Ionex Laurie Caprylie Alfiha- Distilled Synthetic Sea Water Corrosion 162 j Acid 7 Acid Acid Nap thyl- Water Seawater amine r Pass Pass Pass. Pass Pass about 400-500 SUS at 100 'F. Particularly suitable as the lubricantbase are highly refined mineral oil fractions, of turbine lubricating viscosity, such as solvent refined oils obtained by use of solvent extraction processes such as are well known to the art. In the illustration thereof, but without intent of limitation, are oils of turbine lubrieating grade prepared by solvent extraction of lubeoil distillates by use of furfural.
'Cne component of the combination additive is an oil- 'solubie substantially water-insoluble alkyl acid phosphate and, in particular, acid phosphates that contain an alkyl grouping of from about 8 to' 18 carbon atoms. In illustration thereof are alkyl acid phosphates such as the di-Z- ethylhexyl acid phosphates, lauryl acid phosphates, and the like. The other component of the combination additive is an oil-soluble substantially water-insoluble fatty acid that contains a lesser number of carbon atoms than stearic acid. For purposes of convenience, the fatty acids contemplated for use herein, which are oil-soluble but of carbon atoms than stearic .acid are referred to hereinafter as low'molecular weight fatty acids. As is apparent from the disclosure set forth hereinafter, the use of acid phosphates in combination with a low molecular Weight fattyacid as aforedescribed provides a combination additive that is so effective in imparting the aforediscussed three-fold properties to turbine oils that turbine oil compositions possessing such properties can be prepared by use of very small amounts of the acid phosphate and fatty acid.
in order to further describe the invention, the following tabulation sets forth data pertaining to numerous turbine oil compositions and the performance characteristics thereof with respect to ability to resist emu-lsification and prevent rusting and vapor phase corrosion, the latter being determined by observing at the completion of 24 hours the portion of the steel specimen that is not submerged in the synthetic sea water bath when the specimen is subjected to the conditions'of the aforedescribed rusting test. in the tabulation, example No. 1 relates to the per-;
formance characteristics of a highly refined light turbine oil per se, said oil having a viscosity of 164 SUS at 100 F. and prepared by solvent extraction of a predominantly parafiinic light lube distillate with furfural. The remaining examples relate to such a turbine oil but to which has been added an amount or amounts shown of Orthoieum 162," various fatty acids, Ionex, and phenyl alpha- In the tabulation, Example No. 1 illustrates the inadequacy of the base oil itself to adequately protect metal surfaces against rusting and vapor phase corrosion; and Examples Nos. 2 to i0,'inclu'sive, and 13 illustrate that the oil containing fatty acids per se (stearic and caprylic), or an alkyl'acid phosphate per se'(O1tholeurn 162), or stearic acid in combination with the alkyl acid phosphate, or the alkyl acid phosphate in combination with a dicarboxylic acid (Ionex) failed to perform satisfactorily with respect to one or a pluralityof the aforedescribed tests. On the other hand, Examples Nos. 11, 12 and 14 to 17, inclusive, relate to compositions as embodied herein and, as shown in the tabulation, performed satisfactorily in all of the tests. Example No. 17 further illustrates that compositions as embodied herein may also contain ingredients, in addition to the acid phosphate and low molecular Weight fatty acid, for imparting additional desired properties to the lubricant, the usage of such other ingredients being illustrated by use 'of the aromatic amine anti-oxidant with obtainment of compositions that possess the aforedescribed desired properties evidenced by passage of the emulsion, rusting and vapor phase corrosion tests. As is further illustrated by Examples Nos. 11, 12 and 14 to 17, inclusive, ineach instance wherein the compositions contained a combination of the alkyl acid phosphate and low molecular weight fatty acid and were imparted with vapor phase corrosion-inhibiting properties, satisfactory performance in the rusting and emulsion test was also obtained.
As is apparent from the foregoing description of the invention, the compositions embodied herein comprise the base oil in major amount and, for most purposes, the compositions comprise the baseoil in an amount of at least about. 99% based 'on'the weight thereof. Although the amount of the combination additive employed maybe varied depending upon'the properties'desired in the turbine oil with respect to charte'cirstics such as its ability to inhibit formation of stable emulsions with water, proteet-ion against rusting and vapor. phase corrosion, neutralization number, and so forth, the amount of the corn bination additive employed is usually within the range of about 0. 01 to 1.0% by weight and, for most instances, highly satisfactory compositionsare prepared by use of the combination additive in amounts of about 0.01 to 0.1%. The relative proportion of alkyl acid phosphate to low molecular weight fatty acid in the combination additive may also be varied depending upon particular requirements, the actual proportion employed being such that for a particular turbine oil the combination additive comprises a proportional amount of alkyl phosphate to fatty acid such that the resulting composition is satisfactory with respect to emulsification characteristics and provides adequate protection against both rusting and vapor phase corrosion. Although, as aforesaid, the proportion of acid alkyl phosphate to low molecular weight fatty acid may be varied to meet particular requirements, an illustration of a suitable proportion is use in combina tion of one part by weight of the acid alkyl phosphate to about one to about five parts of the low molecular Weight fatty acid.
Although the present invention 'has been described in conjunction with certain preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations and modifications can be made. Such modifications and variations are to be considered to be within the purview of the specification and scope of the appended claims. I
I claim:
1. A lubricating composition comprising a mineral oil of turbine lubricating grade in major amount based on the weight of the composition having dissolved therein from about 0.01 to about 1.0 percent by weight of a combination additive consisting essentially of a mixture of monoand di-lauryl acid phosphate and a fatty acid from the group consisting of caprylic acid and lauric acid in a weight ratio of one part of said mixture of phosphates to from about one to about five parts of the fatty acid.
2. A composition, as defined in claim 1, which contains about 0.015 percent by weight of the mixture of phosphates and from about 0.01 to about 0.05 percent by weight of the fatty acid.
3. A composition as defined in claim 2 which, in addition, contains a small amount of an oil-soluble aromatic amine anti-oxidant.
4. A composition, as defined in claim 3, wherein the anti-oxidant is phenyl alpha naphthylamine.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Cook May 5, 1942 2,452,321 Kluge et al. Oct. 26, 1948 2,481,372 Fuchs et al. Sept. 6, 1949
Claims (1)
1. A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MINERAL OIL OF TURBINE LUBRICATING GRADE IN MAJOR AMOUNT BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE COMPOSITION HAVING DISSOLVED THEREIN FROM ABOUT 0.01 TO ABOUT 1.0 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF A COMBINATION ADDITIVE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MIXTURE OF MONO- AND DI-LAURYL ACID PHOSPHATE AND A FATTY ACID FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CAPRYLIC ACID AND LAURIC ACID IN A WEIGHT RATIO OF ONE PART OF SAID MIXTURE OF PHOSPHATES TO FROM ABOUT ONE TO ABOUT FIVE PARTS OF THE FATTY ACID.
Publications (1)
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US2779739A true US2779739A (en) | 1957-01-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US2779739D Expired - Lifetime US2779739A (en) | Turbine lubricating oil compositions |
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US (1) | US2779739A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2982734A (en) * | 1957-06-14 | 1961-05-02 | Shell Oil Co | Power transmission mineral oil base fluid |
US3116249A (en) * | 1960-12-23 | 1963-12-31 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating oil compositions |
US3116248A (en) * | 1960-12-23 | 1963-12-31 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating oil composition |
US3153080A (en) * | 1961-01-31 | 1964-10-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Acyloxyneopentyl and acyloxycyclobutane phosphate partial esters |
US3155704A (en) * | 1960-09-01 | 1964-11-03 | Ethyl Corp | O, o-dialkyl 3, 5-dialkyl 4-hydroxyphenylalkyl phosphonates and process for preparing same |
US3160593A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1964-12-08 | Shell Oil Co | Mineral oil compositions |
US3239492A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1966-03-08 | Shell Oil Co | Linear cyclic phosphorus-containing polymers |
US4146490A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-03-27 | Fmc Corporation | Turbine lubricant |
US4169800A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-10-02 | Fmc Corporation | Turbine lubricant |
US4171272A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-10-16 | Fmc Corporation | Turbine lubricant |
US5763371A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1998-06-09 | Witco Corporation | Ethylene compressor lubricant containing phospate ester of a monoglyceride or diglyceride |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2281676A (en) * | 1939-07-08 | 1942-05-05 | Tide Water Associated Oil Comp | Turbine oil |
US2452321A (en) * | 1943-11-05 | 1948-10-26 | Texas Co | Rust preventive composition |
US2481372A (en) * | 1946-09-27 | 1949-09-06 | Shell Dev | Rust protective lubricants |
-
0
- US US2779739D patent/US2779739A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2281676A (en) * | 1939-07-08 | 1942-05-05 | Tide Water Associated Oil Comp | Turbine oil |
US2452321A (en) * | 1943-11-05 | 1948-10-26 | Texas Co | Rust preventive composition |
US2481372A (en) * | 1946-09-27 | 1949-09-06 | Shell Dev | Rust protective lubricants |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2982734A (en) * | 1957-06-14 | 1961-05-02 | Shell Oil Co | Power transmission mineral oil base fluid |
US3160593A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1964-12-08 | Shell Oil Co | Mineral oil compositions |
US3166505A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1965-01-19 | Shell Oil Co | Copolymers of dialkenyl phosphorus esters as lubricating oil additives |
US3239492A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1966-03-08 | Shell Oil Co | Linear cyclic phosphorus-containing polymers |
US3155704A (en) * | 1960-09-01 | 1964-11-03 | Ethyl Corp | O, o-dialkyl 3, 5-dialkyl 4-hydroxyphenylalkyl phosphonates and process for preparing same |
US3116249A (en) * | 1960-12-23 | 1963-12-31 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating oil compositions |
US3116248A (en) * | 1960-12-23 | 1963-12-31 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating oil composition |
US3153080A (en) * | 1961-01-31 | 1964-10-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Acyloxyneopentyl and acyloxycyclobutane phosphate partial esters |
US4146490A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-03-27 | Fmc Corporation | Turbine lubricant |
US4169800A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-10-02 | Fmc Corporation | Turbine lubricant |
US4171272A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-10-16 | Fmc Corporation | Turbine lubricant |
US5763371A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1998-06-09 | Witco Corporation | Ethylene compressor lubricant containing phospate ester of a monoglyceride or diglyceride |
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