US2778731A - Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel not requiring nickel - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel not requiring nickel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2778731A US2778731A US393219A US39321953A US2778731A US 2778731 A US2778731 A US 2778731A US 393219 A US393219 A US 393219A US 39321953 A US39321953 A US 39321953A US 2778731 A US2778731 A US 2778731A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- chromium
- nitrogen
- nickel
- corrosion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC)=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1 MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- BCDWXIPZSYBYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn][Cr][Fe] BCDWXIPZSYBYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- This invention relates to a corrosion-resistant, austenitic steel containing substantial amounts of' chromium and manganese but little or no nickel.
- Such steel does not have as high a resistance to corrosion as desirable and exhibits poor forging and rolling qualities. Its austenite phase is unstable and the presense of nitrogen in excess of .20%, furthermore, leads.
- a higher chromium content is desirable to increase corrosion resistance but causes an increase in ferrite as well as too numerous rejections for rolling defects.
- my alloy contains more chromium and considerably more nitrogen than known steels of the same type, and is relatively free of ferrite at high temperatures.
- the nitrogen should be at least .25 and may be as high as 1.0%.
- the ratio of nitrogen to chromium should be from .015 to .035. This is contrary to the experience with steel of the analysis given above but, even with such increased amounts of nitrogen, the ingots are sound and free from porosity.
- the increased chromium plus manganese permits a higher nitrogen content without causing the bleeding of the ingots and the increased nitrogen dispenses with the need for any added nickel.
- nickel There will usually be present, of course, a small or residual percentage of nickel, i. e., .2% or less.
- the steel has better corrosion resist- I 2
- the preferred ranges of percentage composition of my improved steel are:
- nitrogen may be supplied by addition to the liquid steel of, for example, ferro-chromium containing-nitrogen, or
- mice and austenite stability being relatively free of ferrite at high temperatures
- mice and austenite stability being relatively free of ferrite at high temperatures
- mice and austenite stability being relatively free of ferrite at high temperatures
- Ingots thereof are sound and non-porous.
- a nitrogen content of at least .25 is necessary along with at least 17% chromium and, 14% manganese, to produce these results. More than 1% nitrogen is undesirable and more than 18.5% chromium or 17% manganese is unnecessary.
- the following table gives the composition of several further-examples designated by heat numbers:
- the physical properties of the improved steel compare favorably with those of A. I. S. I. Types 301 and.302,i except: that the percent elongation is lower after. cold; rolling, Such properties are given in the following .table :1
- Alloy steel comprisingabout .10% carbon, about 16% manganese, about 17.5% chromium, about .4% silicon, about .35 %"nitrogenand 'the'ba-lance ironexcept for residual impurities usually present in such'" steel," the ratio ofnitrogen to chromium being 'about”.02,' said'jsteel exhibiting goodleorrosionresistance, good rolling and forginggualities and beinghighlyaustenitic.
Description
United States CORROSION-RESISTANT AUSTENITIC STEEL NOT REQUHIING NICKEL Dennis J. Carney, Chicago, 111., assignor to United States Steel Corporation, a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application November 19, 1953,
Serial No. 393,219
zclaims. 01. 15-126 This invention relates to a corrosion-resistant, austenitic steel containing substantial amounts of' chromium and manganese but little or no nickel.
The scarcity of nickel has led to many attempts in recent years to develop a substitute for all orpart of it in conventional nickel-bearing stainless steels. The most desirable steel developed as a result of such, attempts has substantially the following percentage composition:
Such steel, however, does not have as high a resistance to corrosion as desirable and exhibits poor forging and rolling qualities. Its austenite phase is unstable and the presense of nitrogen in excess of .20%, furthermore, leads.
to the production of unsound ingots manifesting excessive bleeding. A higher chromium content is desirable to increase corrosion resistance but causes an increase in ferrite as well as too numerous rejections for rolling defects.
I have invented an iron-chromium-manganese alloy which exhibits improved corrosion resistance and good rolling and forging qualities, as well as greater stability of austenite and desirable physical properties. In general, my alloy contains more chromium and considerably more nitrogen than known steels of the same type, and is relatively free of ferrite at high temperatures. In particular, the nitrogen should be at least .25 and may be as high as 1.0%. At a manganese level of 14 to 20%, the ratio of nitrogen to chromium, furthermore, should be from .015 to .035. This is contrary to the experience with steel of the analysis given above but, even with such increased amounts of nitrogen, the ingots are sound and free from porosity. Apparently the increased chromium plus manganese permits a higher nitrogen content without causing the bleeding of the ingots and the increased nitrogen dispenses with the need for any added nickel. There will usually be present, of course, a small or residual percentage of nickel, i. e., .2% or less.
-:calcium cyanamide. The steel has better corrosion resist- I 2 The preferred ranges of percentage composition of my improved steel are:
( .05-.15 Mn 1.4-17 Si .251.0 P .01.05 s .01--.0s Cr- 17 --18.5 Ni .05 1!) N .251.0 C 0-1.0 e Balance A preferred example has the percentage composition:
C .10 Mn 16 Si .4 v P .05
S .05 Cr 17.5 Ni .10 N .35 Cu Residual Fe Balance Such steel may be made byconventional practice. The
nitrogen may be supplied by addition to the liquid steel of, for example, ferro-chromium containing-nitrogen, or
mice and austenite stability (being relatively free of ferrite at high temperatures) than the chromium-manganesenickel steel mentioned above, and also good physical properties. Italso is easier to forge and roll at high temperatures. Ingots thereof are sound and non-porous. A nitrogen content of at least .25 is necessary along with at least 17% chromium and, 14% manganese, to produce these results. More than 1% nitrogen is undesirable and more than 18.5% chromium or 17% manganese is unnecessary. The following table gives the composition of several further-examples designated by heat numbers:
TABLE I Chemical composition 0 Mn P S Si Ni Cr N Patented .Jan. 22, 1957 Thefollowing table gives the percentage of ferrite existing in the above examples when heated to different temperatures for various times:
I claim: 1. Alloy steel'consisting of "from .06 to .15 carbon, from 14 to 20% manganese, from 17 to 18.5% chromium,
TABLE II M zero-structure As Percent Ferrite After Indicated Time at Temperatures Hear Number Forged, percent 1,900 F. 2,100 F. 2,200 F. 2,300 F.
56 45 min., Trace. 5-6 45 min., 78%.
5 45 min., None. 7-8 45 111111., 10%. 6:7 90 min, 78%. 6 45 min., 56%. 4-5 min., 545%. 6 90 min., 7-8%. 56 90 mi.n., 10 5-6 90 min., 243%... 90 min.,.5-6%.- None 90 min., None..- 1 min he. None min, None..- do 90 min;-,.No'ne;
. 90min., 1%... 00min, Trace.- 00 min, 1% 7-8 90 min., 78% 90 min., 34% 90 min.,.10.%.
The physical properties of the improved steel compare favorably with those of A. I. S. I. Types 301 and.302,i except: that the percent elongation is lower after. cold; rolling, Such properties are given in the following .table :1
from .05.to.1.00% ,.nickel,.from .25 to 1.0% silicon, from .25 to-1.'0%'- nitrogen-.,.and.thebalance iron except for residual impurities usually present in such steel, the ratio of nitrogen to chromium heing betweemOlS and .035, said TABLE III" Heat Number Condition Hardness, Gauge Yield Ultimate Percent Rockwell Strength Strength Elongat1on-- Hobrolled, Annealed; B94. 1174 63, 100 50. 0 Cold-rolled C30. 0 1086- 101; 000, 32.0 Cold-rolled C36. 5 .0962. 130, 400 19.0
G0ld-r0l1ed-30%; (140.0 .0845 154, 4001 9.0 I Hot-rolled, Anne 1394.5 .1250; 64, 550 50.10. 43 Gold-rolled 10%. C32. 5 .1090 114,150 29.0 C0ld-r0lled-20% C37; 5 1003' 139, 700 1500 C rolled C41. 0 .0860, 10.0 lotgrollleda Annealed... $2, 328 3%..3 0 r0 e .1, 9 Type 301 Cold-rolled 20%... 126, 550 2630 Cold-rolled 30 133, 600 23.0 e2 2 0 -r0 e 7 ';-0 Type 502 Cold-rolled 20%... 105, 700 22.0 Oold-ro1ed-30'7f 125, 600 145, 350 13. 0
The corrosion resistance of -myimproved 'steel' is but slightly less than that-of A: I. I. Types'30-1 and-302" erties and the facts that no nickel needbeiadded and,
that the ingots are sound and free fromaporosity.
Although I 1 have disclosed... herein the. preferred ,em: bodiment of my improved steel, I intend to cover as well any changes or modifications made therein which may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
steel exhibiting good corrosion resistance, good rolling and forging qualities and being highly austenitic.
2. Alloy steel .comprisingabout .10% carbon, about 16% manganese, about 17.5% chromium, about .4% silicon, about .35 %"nitrogenand 'the'ba-lance ironexcept for residual impurities usually present in such'" steel," the ratio ofnitrogen to chromium being 'about".02,' said'jsteel exhibiting goodleorrosionresistance, good rolling and forginggualities and beinghighlyaustenitic.
References .Gited'inthefile, of this patent:
FOREIGN PATENTS 152,29l- Austria Jan. 25, 1938
Claims (1)
1. ALLOY STEEL CONSISTING OF FROM .06 TO .15% CARBON, FROM 14 TO 20% MANGANESE, FROM 17 TO 18.5% CHROMIUM, FROM .05 TO 1.00% NICKEL, FROM .25 TO 1.0% SILICON, FROM .25 TO 1.0% NITROGEN AND THE BALANCE IRON EXCEPT FOR RESIUDAL IMPURITIES USUALLY PRESENT IN SUCH STEEL, THE RATIO OF NITROGEN TO CHROMIUM BEING BETWEEN .015 AND .035, SAID STEEL EXHIBITING GOOD CORROSION RESISTANCE, GOOD ROLLING AND FORGING QUALITIES AND BEING HIGHLY AUSTENITIC.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US393219A US2778731A (en) | 1953-11-19 | 1953-11-19 | Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel not requiring nickel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US393219A US2778731A (en) | 1953-11-19 | 1953-11-19 | Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel not requiring nickel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2778731A true US2778731A (en) | 1957-01-22 |
Family
ID=23553783
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US393219A Expired - Lifetime US2778731A (en) | 1953-11-19 | 1953-11-19 | Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel not requiring nickel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2778731A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3904401A (en) * | 1974-03-21 | 1975-09-09 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel |
| US3936297A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1976-02-03 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Method of producing austenitic stainless steel |
| US3940266A (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1976-02-24 | Armco Steel Corporation | Austenitic stainless steel |
| US3943010A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1976-03-09 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Process for producing austenitic ferrous alloys |
| US3989474A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1976-11-02 | Armco Steel Corporation | Austenitic stainless steel |
| US4217136A (en) * | 1974-05-01 | 1980-08-12 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel |
| US4217150A (en) * | 1974-09-05 | 1980-08-12 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Corrosion resistant austenitic steel |
| US4493733A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1985-01-15 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Corrosion-resistant non-magnetic steel retaining ring for a generator |
| DE4242757C1 (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-03-24 | Krupp Vdm Gmbh | Low nickel@ content steel alloy for jewellery, etc - comprises silicon@, manganese@, nitrogen@, chromium@, phosphorus@, sulphur@, copper@ and molybdenum@ |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT152291B (en) * | 1936-10-07 | 1938-01-25 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Chromium-manganese steels with 0¨01 1¨5% carbon, 5 25% chromium, 10 35% manganese. |
-
1953
- 1953-11-19 US US393219A patent/US2778731A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT152291B (en) * | 1936-10-07 | 1938-01-25 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Chromium-manganese steels with 0¨01 1¨5% carbon, 5 25% chromium, 10 35% manganese. |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3940266A (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1976-02-24 | Armco Steel Corporation | Austenitic stainless steel |
| US3936297A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1976-02-03 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Method of producing austenitic stainless steel |
| US3989474A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1976-11-02 | Armco Steel Corporation | Austenitic stainless steel |
| US3904401A (en) * | 1974-03-21 | 1975-09-09 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel |
| US4217136A (en) * | 1974-05-01 | 1980-08-12 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel |
| US3943010A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1976-03-09 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Process for producing austenitic ferrous alloys |
| US4217150A (en) * | 1974-09-05 | 1980-08-12 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Corrosion resistant austenitic steel |
| US4493733A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1985-01-15 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Corrosion-resistant non-magnetic steel retaining ring for a generator |
| DE4242757C1 (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-03-24 | Krupp Vdm Gmbh | Low nickel@ content steel alloy for jewellery, etc - comprises silicon@, manganese@, nitrogen@, chromium@, phosphorus@, sulphur@, copper@ and molybdenum@ |
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