US2775876A - Regenerator construction of a cold-gas refrigerator - Google Patents

Regenerator construction of a cold-gas refrigerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2775876A
US2775876A US479922A US47992255A US2775876A US 2775876 A US2775876 A US 2775876A US 479922 A US479922 A US 479922A US 47992255 A US47992255 A US 47992255A US 2775876 A US2775876 A US 2775876A
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United States
Prior art keywords
regenerator
gas
refrigerator
space
cold
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US479922A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schalkwijk Willem Frederik
Koopmans Adriaan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication of US2775876A publication Critical patent/US2775876A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/003—Gas cycle refrigeration machines characterised by construction or composition of the regenerator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refrigerator comprising a space having a lower temperature and a space having a higher temperature, which spaces are in open communication with one another through a freezer having a temperature lower than 40 C., preferably lower than -60 C. in normal operation of the apparatus, through a regenerator made from wire material and through a cooler while the volume of these spaces are varied by one or more piston shaped "bodies.
  • a gas in the aforesaid apparatus being always in the same state of aggregation, performs a closed thermodynamic cycle.
  • Such a refrigerator is called a refrigerator operating on the reversed hot-gas engine principle and often it is termed a cold-gas refrigerator.
  • refrigerators may be constructed in various ways, for example as displacerpiston machines, double-acting machines, machines in which the cylinders are at an angle to one another of machines in which the working space is combined with that of a hot-gas piston engine.
  • the gas performing a closed thermodynamic cycle in the refrigerator may be chosen with respect to the requirements for the cold-gas refrigerator. If the refrigerator is intended to yield a cold production at 140 C. or higher, air will often be preferred. However, if the refrigerator is intended to yield a cold. production at very low temperatures, for example at 200 C., it will no longer be possible to use air (or nitrogen or oxygen). In this case other gases, for example hydrogen or helium are used.
  • the cold production of a cold-gas refrigerator has been measured to yield a cold production at a particular temperature and it has been found that with all these refrigerators the speed of of the gas in the regenerator must be chosen between definite limits. If the speed of the gas was chosen lower than the values indicated hereinafter, the flow losses of the gas in the regenerator were, indeed, low, but the specific power of the refrigerator was found to be reduced excessively.
  • the refrigerator according to the invention has the feature that in normal operation of the refrigerator the following formula applies to the mean speed of the gas in the regenerator:
  • Ck llh6 sound velocity in the gas at the temperature of the space having the higher temperature in crns./ sec.
  • n the number of revolutions of the crank shaft of the refrigerator per second
  • dh the hydraulic diameter of the wire material of the regenerator in cms.
  • C1 is at least 0.5 and at the most 1.5, preferably at least 0.75 and at the most 1.20.
  • the term hydraulic diameter of the wire material of the 1 regenerator is to be understood to mean herein the quotient of four times the surface of a sectional area of the wire at right angles to its direction of length and the circumference of this sectional area.
  • the term wire material is to be understood to mean both material having a substantially circular sectional area and ribbonshaped material.
  • the regenerator of wire material may be constructed in various ways.
  • the wire material may be zig-zag and be coiled.
  • the filler may have a non-uniform, curly structure or a felt-like structure.
  • mean speed in the regenerator is to be understood to mean the quantity of gas passing through a plane in the center between the regenerator head surfaces, divided by the sectional area of the empty regenerator at that area. Since the temperature of the cooler with different machines will often be substantially equal, Ck may in many cases have the following values:
  • the figure shows a cold-gas refrigerator of the displacer piston type.
  • This machine comprises a cylinder 1 in which a displacer piston 2 and a piston 3 move up and down with substantially constant phase difference.
  • the displacer piston is coupled through a connecting rod system 4 with a crank of a crank-shaft 5, whereas the piston is coupled by means of a connecting rod system 6 with cranks of the same crankshaft 5.
  • the space 7 over the displacer piston 2 is the space having the lower temperature and this space communicates through a freezer 8, a regenerator 9 and a cooler 10 with a space 11, the spa-cc of higher temperature which is acted upon both by the displacer piston and by the piston.
  • the refrigerator may be driven by an electric motor 12, or other suitable type of motor.
  • the working space of the refrigerator is constituted by the spaces 7 and 11 and the ducts in the freezer, regenerator and cooler with any connecting ducts.
  • a gas being always in the same state of aggregation performs a thermodynamic cycle, the gas expanding mainly in the space 7 and being mainly compressed in the space 11.
  • the freezer assumes a low temperature, so that by means of this freezer a medium located outside the machine may be cooled.
  • This medium for example air, may be supplied through an opening 16 to a condenser space 17, in which it condenses on vanes 18 of the freezer 8, the condensate being conducted away through a duct 19.
  • the regenerator coil 9 has a cold end surface 13 and a hot end surface 14. In the center between these end surfaces a plane 15 may be assumed; in this plane the mean velocity in the empty regenerator space, i. e. the space without the filler, must lie within particular limits.
  • the values must be expressed in coherent units, for example in cms. and seconds, or in inches and seconds.
  • Ck is 133x10 ems/sec.
  • the speed of the machine is in this embodiment 25 rev./sec.
  • the regenerator is made from wire material having a hydraulic diameter dn of 2 10 ems.
  • the speed v must therefore, in accordance with the invention, exceed 0.5 1.33 1O 2.32 10" 154 ems/sec. and be not more than 1.5 1.33 10 2.32 10 :463 cms./sec.
  • Clc th sound speed in the gas at the temperature of the space having the higher temperature in cms. per second
  • n the number of revolutions of the crankshaft of the refrigerator per second
  • dh the hydraulic diameter of the wire material of the regenerator in cms.
  • Ck the sound speed in the gas at the temperature of the space having the higher temperature in cms. per second
  • n the number of revolutions of the crankshaft of the refrigerator per second
  • dh the hydraulic diameter of the wire material of the regenerator in ems.
  • Ck the sound speed in the gas at the temperature of the space having the higher temperature in ems. per second
  • N the number of revolutions of the crankshaft of the refrigerator per second
  • dh the hydraulic diameter of the wire material of the regenerator in cms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
US479922A 1954-01-15 1955-01-05 Regenerator construction of a cold-gas refrigerator Expired - Lifetime US2775876A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL184373 1954-01-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2775876A true US2775876A (en) 1957-01-01

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ID=19750644

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US479922A Expired - Lifetime US2775876A (en) 1954-01-15 1955-01-05 Regenerator construction of a cold-gas refrigerator

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2775876A (es)
ES (1) ES219476A1 (es)
NL (2) NL184373B (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5485726A (en) * 1994-05-17 1996-01-23 Lg Electronics Inc. Pressure control apparatus for stirling module

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1240862A (en) * 1915-09-21 1917-09-25 Ivar Lundgaard Refrigerating-machine.
US2397734A (en) * 1942-10-23 1946-04-02 Paul L Goebel Engine
US2564100A (en) * 1947-08-07 1951-08-14 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot gas apparatus including a regenerator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1240862A (en) * 1915-09-21 1917-09-25 Ivar Lundgaard Refrigerating-machine.
US2397734A (en) * 1942-10-23 1946-04-02 Paul L Goebel Engine
US2564100A (en) * 1947-08-07 1951-08-14 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot gas apparatus including a regenerator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5485726A (en) * 1994-05-17 1996-01-23 Lg Electronics Inc. Pressure control apparatus for stirling module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES219476A1 (es) 1955-04-01
NL184373B (nl)
NL85481C (es)

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