US2771635A - Apparatus for stretching filaments - Google Patents

Apparatus for stretching filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US2771635A
US2771635A US271344A US27134452A US2771635A US 2771635 A US2771635 A US 2771635A US 271344 A US271344 A US 271344A US 27134452 A US27134452 A US 27134452A US 2771635 A US2771635 A US 2771635A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
snubbing
tension
filaments
friction
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Expired - Lifetime
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US271344A
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English (en)
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Munch Werner
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Perfogit SpA
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Perfogit SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/227—Control of the stretching tension; Localisation of the stretching neck; Draw-pins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a methodand an apparatus for the drawing or stretching of filaments and bundles of filaments of textile fibres, especially synthetic fibres, and particularly of those fibres which undergo a very considerable drawing or stretching, for instance to such a degree as to bring them to a length several times greater than the original length.
  • fibres are those made from polyamides: this invention, however, is not restricted in its application to said fibres although it has proved greatly advantageous in relation thereto.
  • the tangential reaction itself depends upon the normal reaction and upon a friction coefficient which depends in turn upon several factors, and in a case like this-that is when the yarn slides along the friction surface with a speed that maybe considered as substantially constantdepends mainly on the nature and structure of the contacting surfaces.
  • a uniform drawing by means of a device capable of exerting a certain snubbing action on the yarn and capable of reacting automatically to each variation of the tension of the same in the appropriate sense thereby to control the pressure of the yarn on the surfaces embodied in the stretching device or the length of contact between said surfaces and the yarn or the curvatures of such surfaces in the contact zones or two or more of such factors, in such away as to maintain the snubbing action practically constant or at least to contain the variations thereof between predetermined limits.
  • None of the existing stretching devices is capable of such an action which may be called a compensating action, inasmuch as in the known devices the length and curvature of the friction surfaces contacting the yarn are fixed and the pressure of the yarn upon the surfaces must necessarily vary in a sense opposite to the desired sense thereby increasing instead of damping the tension variations.
  • a complex tensioning device which may also be called snubbing or friction device, to be interposed between the two roller systems already described, said device being characterized by the fact that it or certain parts thereof are capable of becoming displaced with respect to a certain normal position when the yarn tension or the tension difference imparted to the yarn by the device itself, departs from its normal value, and that said displacements act in a compensating manner on the friction between the yarn and certain surfaces embodied in the device, that is act in a way to maintain the snubbing action close to its normal value.
  • the device according to the invention embodies friction generating surfaces upon which the yarn slides exerting a certain pressure thereon; mounting means for said surfaces comprising parts which tend to move as a consequence of the pressure exerted by the yarn on the surfaces; and means for opposing such movement soas to maintain the device in its normal position when the yarn tension has its normal value and to allow limited or even considerable movements thereof when 1 the tension departs from said value, said movements being such as to keep the pressure substantially to its normal value, or in the case that the contact length between yarn and friction surfaces or the curvatures of said surfaces should vary to a significant degree, to a value corresponding to substantially the same snubbing action.
  • call loads may belong to one or more of numerous classes; the simplest are resilient or gravity means but it is contemplated that different and even relatively complex devices may be used, such as electromagnetic devices, with which it may be possible to obtain a. greater sensitivity and precision without substantial variations in the essentialfunction of the device. In any case, the desired control will be obtained through a suitable graduation of the aforementioned means.
  • the friction surfaces consist of snubbing elements in the form of two rods or cylinders or equivalent bodies 11 fixed on a mobile support consisting of a plate 2 pivoted at 3 onto a fixed support or frame which it has been thought unnecessary to illustrate.
  • a spiral spring located in the drawing below plate 2 (which has been shown as partly broken to uncover part of the spring) is connected at one end to plate 2 and at the other to a point 9 (schematically indicated in the drawing) of the fixed support or frame.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrates in elevational view one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates schematically another embodiment of which only the friction device is shown, the thread feed and take-up cylinders being omitted;
  • Fig. 3 illustrates schematically a further embodiment
  • Fig. 4 illustrates schematically a still further embodiment of which only the friction device is shown, the thread feed and take-up cylinders being omitted;
  • Fig. 5 illustrates schematically a still further embodiment
  • Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of a detail of the friction device of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a still further embodiment of which only the friction device is shown, the thread. feed and take-up cylinders being omitted.
  • the yarn 4 moves from a low speed thread advancing device denoted generally 6 to a high thread advancing device 6 and each of these devices consists of two rollers.
  • the yarn follows a path defined by a straight line between such devices and the yarn is deflected from such path through an angle by passing under the guide or roller 7 on the path upwardly over snubbing element or rod 1, then downwardly under snubbing element or red 1 and thence over roller 8. on the path.
  • the yarn follows a substantially S-shaped path intermediate the advancingdevices.
  • the yarn 4 is ultimately wound about the high speed roller advancing device 6.
  • the yarn tends to adjust its S-shaped.
  • the yarn causes a deformation of the spiral spring 5; there is established a balance between the spring reaction and the couple due tov the pressure of the yarn on the rods, which balance determines the normal position of the tensioning device. Consequently, if the yarn tension increases, its pressure on the rods will tend to increase and the spring will yield; if on the other hand the tension decreases the spring will become less deformed and will straighten out somewhat.
  • FIG. 2 Another embodiment is shown schematically in Fig. 2, where for the sake of simplicity only the tension device is illustrated.
  • This latter comprises a support 12 rigidly connected to the frame of themachine,not shown, and having two rods 1010 fixed thereto.
  • a third rod 11 is placed between the two preceding ones, in such a position as to determine a tortuous path of the yarn to be stretched as indicated in the drawing.
  • Rod 11 may slide with respect to support 12 in a direction which may be at a slant but is preferably perpendicular to the plane of the other two rods, as indicated in the drawing by the guide 13.
  • Rod 11 may differ in shape and/or material from the other two.
  • Rod 11 is vertically loaded with a weight schematically indicated at 14 commensurate to the snubbing action desired. It is evident that even in this case to a yarn ten.-
  • An efficient regulation may also be obtained by means of snubbing surfaces having a radius of curvature that is variable from point to point.
  • snubbing surfaces having a radius of curvature that is variable from point to point.
  • the tension of the yarn constantly tends to impart to the snubbing means, which inthis case have surface curvatures which change from point to point, a position wherein their frictional resistance to the movement of the yarn is at a minimum; while suitable loads oppose to the desired degree each motion of the snubbing means in the direction above specified.
  • FIG. 3 the yarn 20 coming from a feed means, for instance the roller system 21, is wound about a snubbing surface consisting of a surface of a body being preferably cylindric with a non-circular section, for example an elliptical section, as shown in 22; the yarn makes one or more turns about said body and is then drawn away by a suitable means, for instance, a roller system 23.
  • a feed means for instance the roller system 21
  • a snubbing surface consisting of a surface of a body being preferably cylindric with a non-circular section, for example an elliptical section, as shown in 22
  • the yarn makes one or more turns about said body and is then drawn away by a suitable means, for instance, a roller system 23.
  • the body 22, made of any suitable substantially smooth material, is mounted in any convenient manner so that it may pivot about axis 24, for instance, body 22 may be mounted on or be solid with a mobile support 25 of any suitable shape pivoted onto a fixed support not shown. At any rate there is a means which opposes the rotation of body 22 and of the mobile support in the sense which would be determined by the yarn tension, that is, in the drawing, counter-clockwise.
  • Such means may be a spiral spring 26 connected to the mobile and fixed supports, as indicated in the drawing, or other suitable means.
  • the spring causes the clockwise rotation of body 22 whereby the same tends to oppose a greater resistance to the movement of the yarn and therefore to exert a stronger snubbing action, while if the tension difference increases, the spring yields a little more, body 22 rotates in a clockwise sense and the resistance which it opposes to the movement of the yarn tends to decrease.
  • the two rods of the device of Fig. 4 may be determined at will in the most suitable way in each case.
  • the two rods may be so close as almost to touch each other, and then they may conveniently be formed in a single body having a central opening (hole or slit) for the passage of the yarn.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a case in which the regulation is not dependent solely on the non-circular shape of bodies 3031, but such shape contributes thereto.
  • the mobile means In order that the described system of regulation be effective and sensitive, the mobile means must respond to relatively small variations of the tension of the filaments or bundle of filaments and the loads must not be excessive.
  • the tension changes the snubbing device does not generally pass in a gradual manner from one equilibrium position to another, but acquires an oscillatory motion each time its equilibrium is disturbed.
  • the continuous oscillations of the snubbing device, or at least of its mobile parts, may be damped by creating resist-ances to the motion of the mobile parts.
  • the resistances used to oppose the motion of the mobile parts of the snubbing device may be of any known type (sliding friction, rolling friction, hydrodynamic, electromagnetic, etc.) and operate according to different laws.
  • Fig. 5 shows a snubbing device substantially corresponding to that of Fig. 1 and illustrated in section on a larger scale in Fig. 6.
  • the two cylindrical rods 40-40 are solid with the mobile support 42 which is reduced to a practically minimum size, so that the whole constitutes a single fork pivoted at 43.
  • the yarn is fed by roller system 44 and drawn away at a greater speed by roller system 45 after following a zig-zag path between rods 40-40; a counterweight 46 constitutes the load.
  • a disc 47 is connected to fork 40-40'42 and faces an element 48 which constitutes or is part of the fixed support on which the fork is pivoted.
  • a disc 49 made of hide or other suitable material which rotates with disc 47 and creates the required friction when the mobile part of the device rotates about pivot 43.
  • any suitable mechanical means may be used.
  • the whole mobile part of the device may be pressed more or less against the fixed support for instance by means of a screw or bolt 41 as indicated schematically in Fig. 6; or disc 47 may be axially slidable along pivot 43 and fixable at the desired distance from element 48.
  • the essential concept is to provide a frictional resistance between the mobile and fixed parts of the device.
  • the yarn passes between two fixed rods 5050' mounted on a fixed support 52 and a mobile rod 53 mounted on a mobile support or shoe 54 slidable in a groove 51 of the fixed support.
  • a spring 56 opposes the motion of shoe 54 urging the same downwards.
  • To shoe 54 there is connected through link 57 a piston 58 '2' reciprocablein a cylinder 59 which is closed and filled with a suitable liquid, for instance oil.
  • the piston could be provided with a port to allow the passage of the liquid when the piston moves and to create at the same time a hydrodynamic resistance to. said passage.
  • a pipe or by-pass 60 which allows ofthe passage of the liquid from one side to the other with respect to the piston, such by-pass being provided if desired with a valve 61 or other means for choking in a controllable manner the flowof the fluid so as to graduate the desired resistance.
  • a friction device interposed between said thread advancing devices and comprising a substantially elliptical snubbing element having a sliding frictional engagement with the filaments, said snubbing elements deflecting the filaments, at the point of engagement therewith, from a straight line between said low speed thread advancing device and said high speed thread advancing device and being displaceable to vary the degree of said deflection, the deflected filaments reacting on said displaceable snubbing element by a pressure, urging the element to become so displaced as to reduce said deflection to a minimum, and means for constantly urging said displaceable snubbing element to become so displaced as to increase said deflection against the increasing reaction pressure of the
  • a friction device interposed between said thread advancing devices and comprising a mobile support and a snubbing element rigidly mounted on said. support and having a sliding frictional engagement with the.
  • said snubbing element deflecting the filaments, at the point of engagement therewith, from a straight line between said low speed thread advancing device and said high speed thread advancing device and being displaceable with the support to vary the degree of said deflection, the deflected filaments reacting on said displaceable snubbing element by a pressure urging the same to become so displaced as to reduce said deflection to a minimum, actuating means operatively connected to said mobile support for urging the same to become so displaced together with said snubbing element mounted thereon as to increase said deflection against the increasing reaction pressure of the filaments, until said pressure has reached a predetermined equilibrium intensity, and, means for creating a dynamic resistance to the displacements of said mobile support to prevent and dampen oscillations. thereof caused by the contrasting action of said actuating means and of the reaction pressure of the filaments.
  • hydraulic meansv operatively connected with the mobile support constitutes said means for creating a dynamic resistance.
  • An apparatus as defined in claim 5 including a fixed support to which. the mobile support is pivoted, a plurality of cylindrical snubbing rods fixedly mounted on the mobile support and a fibrous disc disposed between the fixed and mobile, supports constitutes the means for creating a dynamic resistance.
  • said actuating means comprises a counter-weight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US271344A 1951-03-14 1952-02-13 Apparatus for stretching filaments Expired - Lifetime US2771635A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT712779X 1951-03-14

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US2771635A true US2771635A (en) 1956-11-27

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US (1) US2771635A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE511735A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1103706A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB712779A (en, 2012)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2843881A (en) * 1956-06-26 1958-07-22 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for opening crimped continuous filament tow
US2932077A (en) * 1952-06-25 1960-04-12 Honig Frank Apparatus for stressing strand materials
US3007204A (en) * 1958-01-08 1961-11-07 Bayer Ag Process for biaxially stretching polymeric films
US3084393A (en) * 1958-01-14 1963-04-09 Bayer Ag Process for stretching filaments
US3295788A (en) * 1964-12-22 1967-01-03 Leesona Corp Tensioning apparatus
US3331568A (en) * 1961-05-19 1967-07-18 Nippon Electric Co Tension drive system and tension regulator mechanism for relatively thin materials
US3408832A (en) * 1965-05-19 1968-11-05 Nagataseiki Kabushikigaisha Yarn tensioning regulating apparatus for stocking machine
US3871205A (en) * 1971-08-04 1975-03-18 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for length stabilization of a cable
US4010915A (en) * 1974-05-18 1977-03-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the control of yarn tension
EP1449635A3 (en) * 1993-05-03 2011-11-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for zone orientating a web

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE59107297D1 (de) * 1990-02-05 1996-03-07 Schweizerische Viscose Verfahren zum schnellspinnen von monofilamenten und damit hergestellte monofilamente
CN112304399A (zh) * 2020-11-04 2021-02-02 西京学院 一种浮力计重秤及其称重方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1014980A (en) * 1911-03-13 1912-01-16 Edwin Sykes Yarn-tension device.
GB371910A (en) * 1931-01-01 1932-05-02 British Celanese Improvements in or relating to textile yarns or threads and the production thereof
US1981351A (en) * 1930-03-30 1934-11-20 North American Rayon Corp Means for stretching filaments
DE671781C (de) * 1936-10-09 1939-02-13 Georg Wolf Streckvorrichtung fuer Harnischfaeden
US2289232A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-07-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for producing filamentary structures
US2332485A (en) * 1941-09-02 1943-10-19 Dow Chemical Co Vinylidene chloride fibers
NL59397C (en, 2012) * 1941-07-03 1947-05-16
US2549014A (en) * 1945-06-22 1951-04-17 Us Rubber Co Treatment of cellulosic fibers

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1014980A (en) * 1911-03-13 1912-01-16 Edwin Sykes Yarn-tension device.
US1981351A (en) * 1930-03-30 1934-11-20 North American Rayon Corp Means for stretching filaments
GB371910A (en) * 1931-01-01 1932-05-02 British Celanese Improvements in or relating to textile yarns or threads and the production thereof
DE671781C (de) * 1936-10-09 1939-02-13 Georg Wolf Streckvorrichtung fuer Harnischfaeden
US2289232A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-07-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for producing filamentary structures
NL59397C (en, 2012) * 1941-07-03 1947-05-16
US2332485A (en) * 1941-09-02 1943-10-19 Dow Chemical Co Vinylidene chloride fibers
US2549014A (en) * 1945-06-22 1951-04-17 Us Rubber Co Treatment of cellulosic fibers

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2932077A (en) * 1952-06-25 1960-04-12 Honig Frank Apparatus for stressing strand materials
US2843881A (en) * 1956-06-26 1958-07-22 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for opening crimped continuous filament tow
US3007204A (en) * 1958-01-08 1961-11-07 Bayer Ag Process for biaxially stretching polymeric films
US3084393A (en) * 1958-01-14 1963-04-09 Bayer Ag Process for stretching filaments
US3331568A (en) * 1961-05-19 1967-07-18 Nippon Electric Co Tension drive system and tension regulator mechanism for relatively thin materials
US3295788A (en) * 1964-12-22 1967-01-03 Leesona Corp Tensioning apparatus
US3408832A (en) * 1965-05-19 1968-11-05 Nagataseiki Kabushikigaisha Yarn tensioning regulating apparatus for stocking machine
US3871205A (en) * 1971-08-04 1975-03-18 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for length stabilization of a cable
US4010915A (en) * 1974-05-18 1977-03-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the control of yarn tension
EP1449635A3 (en) * 1993-05-03 2011-11-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for zone orientating a web

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Publication number Publication date
FR1103706A (fr) 1955-11-07
GB712779A (en) 1954-07-28
BE511735A (en, 2012)

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