US2768356A - Electrical impedance transformer for use at very high frequencies - Google Patents

Electrical impedance transformer for use at very high frequencies Download PDF

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Publication number
US2768356A
US2768356A US225446A US22544651A US2768356A US 2768356 A US2768356 A US 2768356A US 225446 A US225446 A US 225446A US 22544651 A US22544651 A US 22544651A US 2768356 A US2768356 A US 2768356A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wave
pistons
impedance transformer
high frequencies
electrical impedance
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Expired - Lifetime
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US225446A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lindt Willem Jacobus Van De
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/24—Terminating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrical impedance transformers for usev at very high frequencies and to circuitarrangements comprising. such transformers.
  • a known impedance transformer comprises two waveguides, each of which is closed at one end by an adjustable piston.
  • the wave guides are coupled with one an other through an aperture of adjustable size in a common wall portion.
  • an im pedance of substantially any value can be transformed into substantially any other impedance value.
  • this device has certain disadvantages. In the first place it is not suitable for high power, since at the aperture of adjustable size high field strengths occur, giving rise to break-down. Moreover, it requires. to be calibrated experimentally. Particularly for measuring purposes there is a need for an impedance transformer, in which the relation between the adjustment and the complex transformation ratio can be accurately calculated in advance in a simple manner, so that calibration is not required.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved electrical impedance transformer. 7
  • an electrical impedance transformer for use at very high frequencies, comprising two wave guides, each of which is closed at one end by an adjustable piston, is characterized in that in at least two spatially separated areas provision is made of coupling elements between the wave guides in a manner such that a travelling wave moving in the direction of the piston and the coupling elements in. one wave guide exclusively results in travelling waves of equal amplitudes moving in the two wave guides from the coupling elements to the pistons.
  • the impedance transformer according to the invention is suitable for high power.
  • phase and the amplitude of the transformation ratio vary in a readily calculable manner with the position of the pistons, so that experimental calibration may be dispensed with.
  • the two pistons are coupled by two control-members, of which one exclusively determine the difference between and the other the sum of the spacings between the pistons and the same coupling element.
  • the first control-member is adapted to adjust the amplitude, the second the phase of the voltage reflection coefiicient, the two adjustments being independent of one another. It may be assumed to be known that the trans formation ratio can be calculated in a simple manner from this reflection coeflicient.
  • FIG. 1 shows on embodiment of an electrical impedance transformer according to the invention and Figs. 2, 3 and 4 show vector diagrams, with reference to Which the operation of the transformer shown in Fig. 1 will be explained.
  • the impedance transformer shown in Fig. 1 comprises wave guides 1 and 2, which are closed on therighthand side by pistons 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the lefthand ends 5 and 6 of these wave guides serve as the input and the output of the impedance transformer, respectively.
  • the wave guides 1 and 2' are intercoupl'ed by a number of coupling elements, which are in this case constituted by apertures 7 in the common side wall 8 of the wave guides 1 and 2.
  • a plunger part 10 is slidably arranged.
  • the part 10 is: adjustable by means of a screw 11.
  • the part 10 is provided with a set screw 12, a part 13 of which. has a left-handed thread and apart 14 of which, otherwise exactly similar to the part 13., has a right-handed thread.
  • Nuts 15 and 16, co-operating with the parts 13 and 14, respectively, are connected by way of rods 17 and 18, respectively, with the pistons 3 and 4', respectively.
  • the three planes 19, 20 and 21, shown in broken lines are at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the wave guides and pass through the right-hand end of a coupling aperture 7 adjacent the pistons and the planes of the operative surfaces of the pistons 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the distance between the planes 19 and 20 is a1 and that between the planes 19 and 21 is a2.
  • the value of the expression ar-l-az varies only with the position of the screw 11 and the value of the expresion aza1 only with the position of the screw 12.
  • V1 and V2 denoting the amplitude and the phase of the waves in the wave conductors 1 and 2 at the instant when the plane 20 is reached.
  • V1 lags by a phase angle of 90 relative to V2. From the reciprocity theorem it follows that, if the direction of movement of these waves is reversed, the wave V will emerge from the end 5.
  • Fig. 3 Since the wall 8 is a plane of symmetry, the wave V will emerge from the aperture 6, if the phases of V1 and V2 are interchanged.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the efiect of the pistons 3 and 4 on the waves V1 and V2 of Fig. 2, moving to the right.
  • the wave V1 will be reflected by the pistons 3.
  • the phase is shifted by 180.
  • the Wave V1 is produced moving to the left.
  • the wave V2 would also be reflected at the plane 20, so that the Wave V2, travelling to the left would be produced.
  • V1 would be 90 out of phase with V2.
  • the wave reflected by the piston 4, having arrived back at the plane 20, will, however, have experienced a phase shift 8, owing to its having twice covered distance aza1.
  • A the wave length of the wave travelling in the wave guides.
  • the waves V1 and V2 both moving to the left in the wave conductors 1 and 2, respectively, may be resolved in the manner shown into two pairs (AB and CD) of waves, each one of a pair being equal in amplitude to the other and out of phase therewith by 90.
  • the pair AB produces a wave emerging from the aperture 6, which is completely absorbed here by the means 22.
  • the pair CD produces a wave emerging from the aperture 5, the amplitude of which is equal to 5 V sin 2 Since 5 varies with the expression az-ai, only the amplitude of the wave emerging from the aperture 5 is affected by turning the screw 12. Consequently, this amplitude may be varied substantially between and V.
  • the pistons 3 and 4 are shifted by equal distances, so that equal phase shifts of the waves V1 and V2 will occur.
  • the resultant R of the pair of waves CD, emerging from the aperture 5 will be subjected, in this case to the same phase shift, which phase shift will be equal to where K is a constant determined by the length of the wave guide 1.
  • the screws 11 and 12 may be constructed as micrometer screws. It will be obvious that the phase variations in and the amplitude of the wave emerging from the aperture can be calculated from the displacements of the pistons 3 and 4.
  • the ratio between the incoming and the outgoing waves can be adjusted at will, this is to say that on the input side 5 of the transformer substantially any desired impedance can be realized if the transformer is closed on the output side so as to be free from reflection. It appears from theory that a device having this property has a transformation ratio, which is adjustable at will, for substantially any output impedance.
  • An impedance transformer comprising input and output waveguides having end portions thereof positioned mutually parallel and having a common side wall, a directive coupler between said waveguides comprising apertures in said common wall, first and second pistons respectively disposed in said end portions to provide reflective terminations for said waveguides, and means for sliding said pistons in and parallel to the axes of said waveguides, said means comprising a frame extending from said end portions and having an elongated opening, the axis of said elongated opening being parallel to the axes of said waveguides, a plunger slidably positioned in said opening, an elongated screw member rotatably held by said plunger, the axis of said screw member being parallel to the axes of said waveguides, said screw member being rotatable about its own axis with respect to said plunger and comprising a left-hand thread and a right-hand thread respectively centered on said lastnamed axis, nuts respectively engaging said threads, connective members respectively connecting said nuts with

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  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
US225446A 1950-06-01 1951-05-09 Electrical impedance transformer for use at very high frequencies Expired - Lifetime US2768356A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL297631X 1950-06-01

Publications (1)

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US2768356A true US2768356A (en) 1956-10-23

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US (1) US2768356A (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)
BE (1) BE503660A (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)
CH (1) CH297631A (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)
DE (1) DE845659C (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)
FR (1) FR1037905A (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)
GB (1) GB683273A (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)
NL (2) NL77472C (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2866166A (en) * 1955-04-08 1958-12-23 Gen Precision Lab Inc Microwave power divider
US2875415A (en) * 1955-01-17 1959-02-24 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave power multiplier
US2908813A (en) * 1956-11-28 1959-10-13 Emerson Radio & Phonograph Cor Phase and frequency modifying apparatus for electrical waves
US2921270A (en) * 1957-02-07 1960-01-12 Polarad Electronics Corp Extended frequency range signal generator control mechanism
US2996687A (en) * 1959-08-26 1961-08-15 Andersen Lab Inc Variable ultrasonic delay line
US3255456A (en) * 1963-03-08 1966-06-07 Hazeltine Research Inc H-plane reflex bend for a two layer pillbox antenna utilizing a plurality of holes to couple the layers
US3621481A (en) * 1970-05-01 1971-11-16 Raytheon Co Microwave energy phase shifter
WO1988009567A1 (fr) * 1987-05-26 1988-12-01 Cgr Mev Dispositif perfectionne de combinaison de deux signaux alternatifs de meme frequence

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428485A (en) * 1943-06-30 1947-10-07 Rca Corp Impedance matching device
US2486818A (en) * 1946-08-30 1949-11-01 Hazeltine Research Inc Wave-signal directional coupler
US2508573A (en) * 1946-04-30 1950-05-23 Us Sec War Ultra high frequency oscillator circuit
US2564030A (en) * 1945-12-10 1951-08-14 Edward M Purcell Phase shifting device
US2568090A (en) * 1948-06-22 1951-09-18 Raytheon Mfg Co Balanced mixer
US2593120A (en) * 1945-03-08 1952-04-15 Us Sec War Wave guide transmission system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428485A (en) * 1943-06-30 1947-10-07 Rca Corp Impedance matching device
US2593120A (en) * 1945-03-08 1952-04-15 Us Sec War Wave guide transmission system
US2564030A (en) * 1945-12-10 1951-08-14 Edward M Purcell Phase shifting device
US2508573A (en) * 1946-04-30 1950-05-23 Us Sec War Ultra high frequency oscillator circuit
US2486818A (en) * 1946-08-30 1949-11-01 Hazeltine Research Inc Wave-signal directional coupler
US2568090A (en) * 1948-06-22 1951-09-18 Raytheon Mfg Co Balanced mixer

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2875415A (en) * 1955-01-17 1959-02-24 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave power multiplier
US2866166A (en) * 1955-04-08 1958-12-23 Gen Precision Lab Inc Microwave power divider
US2908813A (en) * 1956-11-28 1959-10-13 Emerson Radio & Phonograph Cor Phase and frequency modifying apparatus for electrical waves
US2921270A (en) * 1957-02-07 1960-01-12 Polarad Electronics Corp Extended frequency range signal generator control mechanism
US2996687A (en) * 1959-08-26 1961-08-15 Andersen Lab Inc Variable ultrasonic delay line
US3255456A (en) * 1963-03-08 1966-06-07 Hazeltine Research Inc H-plane reflex bend for a two layer pillbox antenna utilizing a plurality of holes to couple the layers
US3621481A (en) * 1970-05-01 1971-11-16 Raytheon Co Microwave energy phase shifter
WO1988009567A1 (fr) * 1987-05-26 1988-12-01 Cgr Mev Dispositif perfectionne de combinaison de deux signaux alternatifs de meme frequence
FR2616014A1 (fr) * 1987-05-26 1988-12-02 Cgr Mev Dispositif perfectionne de combinaison de deux signaux alternatifs de meme frequence
JPH02503608A (ja) * 1987-05-26 1990-10-25 セージェーエール　メヴ 同一周波数の２つの交流信号を結合するための改良された装置
US5043671A (en) * 1987-05-26 1991-08-27 Cgr Mev Device for addition of the power from two alternating signals in a linear accelerator

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Publication number Publication date
BE503660A (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)
CH297631A (de) 1954-03-31
NL77472C (US07922777-20110412-C00004.png)
GB683273A (en) 1952-11-26
FR1037905A (fr) 1953-09-23
DE845659C (de) 1952-08-04
NL153908B (nl)

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