US2754448A - Velocity modulation tube of the kind comprising a drift space - Google Patents

Velocity modulation tube of the kind comprising a drift space Download PDF

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Publication number
US2754448A
US2754448A US231316A US23131651A US2754448A US 2754448 A US2754448 A US 2754448A US 231316 A US231316 A US 231316A US 23131651 A US23131651 A US 23131651A US 2754448 A US2754448 A US 2754448A
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United States
Prior art keywords
drift
tube
drift space
slot
electrons
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Expired - Lifetime
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US231316A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernardus Bastiaan Van Iperen
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to velocity modulation tubes of the kind comprising a drift space which is constituted by a conductive tube of circular section, the modulator slot and the inductor slot being formed by the intermediate spacings between this tube and conductive tubes of equal diameters, aligned with the former, one at each end thereof, the modulator slot and the inductor slot communicating with resonant cavites comprsed in the modulatorcircuit and the inductor circuit, respectively.
  • Tubes of the aforesaid kind are known. Eiforts are made to concentrate the electrons emanating from the cathode in order to prevent them from impinging on the Wall of the drift tube before reaching the inductor slot. If no high-frequency voltage prevails at the slots, this can be readily realized, but when using high beam currents and when the tube is used to generate oscillations of great amplitude, it is practically impossible to avoid a substantial number of electrons being drawn to the wall of the drift tube before they reach the inductor slot, owing to the diverging effect of the modulator slot. Apart from the disadvantages due to heating, the efficiency is adversely affected, since it is the most useful electrons, i. e. electrons from the bunches, which are lost. Grids, which have no diverging effect, in contradistinction to a slot, can frequently not be utilised owing to the loss of electrons impinging on the grid.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a drift space constituted by a conductive tube of substantially circular section, the modulator and inductor slots being formedby the intermediate spacings between this tube and conductive tubes of equal diameters aligned with the former one at each end thereof, the modulator slot and the inductor slot communicating with resonant cavities comprised in the modulator circuit and the inductor circuit, respectively, is characterized in that near the inductor slot the drift space is provided with finshaped widenings which extend approximately radially with respect to the drift space.
  • the efficiency of the tube is raised.
  • the fin-shaped widenings form preferably not more than 75% of the periphery of the drift space.
  • the wall of the drift tube may be conically milled out, after which plate-shaped members are provided, the fin-shaped widenings being left intermediate thereof; alternatively, the fin-shaped widenings themselves may be milled out forming radially-extending tapered projections therebetween.
  • the fin-shaped widenings may be formed by plate-shaped members soldered on edges of slots in the drift space.
  • the drift space may be formed in a manner such that on the periphery a plurality of members of U-shaped section is arranged, their height increasing gradually from the centre of the drift space.
  • the U-shaped members may be interconnected, so that the wall of the drift space has a toothed sectional area.
  • the fin-shaped widenings increase in depth from approximately the centre of the drift space onwards.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a velocity modulation tube comprising a thick-Walled drift space and Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view thereof,
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are two sectional views taken at right angles to one another of a velocity modulation tube comprising a thin-walled drift space and Fig. 5 is also a cross-sectional view of a thin-walled drift space.
  • a tube comprises a cathode 1 and a concentration electrode 2 for the electrons emanating from the cathode.
  • conductive tubes 4 and 5 In line with a drift tube 3 are provided conductive tubes 4 and 5, so that a modulator slot 6 and an inductor slot 7 are formed.
  • At these slots are provided an inductor circuit 12 and a modu; lator circuit 13 by three flat walls 8, 9 and 10, together with the outer wall 11.
  • a collecting electrode 14 is provided.
  • a plurality of fin-shaped widenings 15 of the drift space, gradually increasing in diameter in the direction of the inductor slot are milled out in the wall of the drift space.
  • the milling of the widenings 15 and 16 forms radially-extending projections on opposite sides ofj each widening.
  • the projections for the drift tube 3 are shown as the cross-hatched sections in Fig. 2 between the widenings 15.
  • the edges of the drift tube and its prolongation are bevelled at 17 and 18.
  • the source of the electron stream 1, 2 is enclosed by a dome-shaped glass member 25 vacuum-tight sealed to the flat wall 8 and the collecting elec trode 14 is also enclosed by a similar glass member 26 which is also vacuum-tight sealed to the tube at the wall
  • Figs. 3 and 4 show, in the case of a drift space having a thin wall, fin-shaped widenings formed between strips 19 of U-shaped sectional area, constituting together the drift space; strips 20 in line with the drift space are shown'in Fig. 4.
  • the widenings may be'screened by strips 21, shown in Fig. 5, so that the drift space ha's'a,
  • toothed cross-sectional area and may be pressed out of a piece of sheet material.
  • a velocity modulation electric discharge tube comprising means for producing a stream of electrons, means for collecting the stream of electrons, first and second cavity resonators disposed between the means for producing the stream of electrons and the collecting means, and a plurality of spaced aligned conductive tubes in cluding a drift tube defining a drift space, said spaced tubes defining a modulating slot and an inductor slot communicating with said first and second cavity resonators, respectively, said drift space being located intermediate said slots, said drift tube having a plurality of radially extending tapered projections in said drift space adjacent said inductor slot defining fin-shaped spacings therebetween 3 for reducing the number of electrons intercepted by said drift tube.
  • a velocity modulation electric discharge tube comprising means for producing a stream of electrons, means for collecting the stream of electrons, first and second cavity resonators disposed between the means for producing the stream of electrons and the collecting means, and a plurality of spaced aligned conductive tubes including a drift tube of substantially circular cross-section defining a drift space, said spaced tubes defining a modulating slot and an inductor slot communicating Withsaid first and second cavity resonators, respectively, said drift space'being located intermediate said slots, said drift tube having a plurality of radially extending tapered projections in said drift space adjacent'said inductor slot defining fin-shaped spacings therebetween for reducing the number of electrons intercepted by said drift tube.
  • a velocity modulation electric discharge tube as claimed in claim 3, in which the radially extending projections are uniformly disposed around the inner periphery of the drift tube.
  • a velocity modulation electric discharge tube as claimed in claim 3, in which the radially extending projections extend from about the center of the drift tubeto the inductor slot.
  • a velocity modulation electric discharge tube as claimed in claim 3, in which the drift tubeha's a relatively thick wall and the radially extending projections are formed by cutting out the fin-shaped spacings in the thick wall of the drift tube.
  • a velocity modulation electric discharge tube comprising means for producing a stream of electrons, means for collecting the stream of electrons, first and second cavity resonators disposed between the means for pro- 7 .ducing the stream of electrons and the collecting means,
  • drift tube of substantially circular cross-section defining a drift space
  • said spaced tubes defining a modulating slot and an inductor slot communicating with said first and second cavity resonators, respectively, said drift space being located intermediate said slots
  • said drift tube having a plurality of radially extending tapered projections in said drift space adjacent said inductor slot defining fin-shaped spacings therebetween for reducing the number of electrons intercepted by said drift tube
  • said drift tube having a plurality of slots disposed around the periphery thereof, and a plurality of strip-like U -shaped members being joined to the drift tube closing the slots to thereby form the radially extending portions.
  • a velocity modulation electric discharge tube as claimed in claim 7, in which a plurality of partitions unite each adjacent pair of U-shaped members for preventing for collecting the stream of electrons, first and second cavity resonators disposed between the means for producing the stream of electrons and the collecting means, and a plurality of spaced aligned conductive tubes including a drift tube defining a drift space, said spaced tubes defining a modulation slot and an inductor slot communicating with said first and second cavity resonators, respectively, said drift space being located intermediate said slots, said drift tube having a plurality of radially extending tapered projections in said drift space adjacent said inductor slot defining fin-shaped spacings therebetween for reducing the number of electrons intercepted by said drift tube, said fin-shaped spacings having a width not greater than the width of the inductor slot.
  • a velocity modulation electric discharge tube comprising means for producing a stream of electrons, means for collecting the stream of electrons, first and second cavity resonators disposed between the means for producing the stream of electrons and the collecting means, and a plurality of spaced aligned conductive tubes including a drift tube of substantially circular cross-section defining a drift space, said spaced tubes defining a modulating slot and an inductor slot. communicating with said first and second cavity resonators, respectively, said drift space being located intermediate said slots, said drift tube having a plurality of radially extending tapered projections in said drift space adjacent said inductor slot defining fin-shaped spacings therebetween for reducing the num-. ber of electrons intercepted by said drift tube, the combined width of said fin-shaped spacings being not greater 7 than 75% of the inner periphery .of the drift tube.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US231316A 1950-06-21 1951-06-13 Velocity modulation tube of the kind comprising a drift space Expired - Lifetime US2754448A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL290735X 1950-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2754448A true US2754448A (en) 1956-07-10

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US231316A Expired - Lifetime US2754448A (en) 1950-06-21 1951-06-13 Velocity modulation tube of the kind comprising a drift space

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2754448A (xx)
BE (1) BE504087A (xx)
CH (1) CH290735A (xx)
DE (1) DE893693C (xx)
FR (1) FR1038542A (xx)
GB (1) GB708276A (xx)
NL (2) NL154330B (xx)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2955229A (en) * 1956-11-14 1960-10-04 Gen Electric Secondary emission suppression in electron beam tubes
US2972080A (en) * 1959-05-25 1961-02-14 Philips Corp Klystron
US3064159A (en) * 1958-05-09 1962-11-13 Patelhold Patentverwertung Microwave tube with interdigital electrode construction
US3252034A (en) * 1962-04-16 1966-05-17 Eitel Mccullough Inc R-f window for high power electron tubes
US3447018A (en) * 1966-09-16 1969-05-27 Varian Associates High power multicavity amplifier having enlarged drift tube gap defining portions to inhibit electronic feedback
US4300105A (en) * 1979-01-24 1981-11-10 Societa Italiana Telecomunicazioni Siemens S.P.A. Two-cavity klystron oscillator

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL92067C (xx) * 1953-12-02
DE1182357B (de) * 1956-01-30 1964-11-26 Varian Associates Hohlraumresonator fuer Hochfrequenz-entladungsroehren mit Geschwindigkeitsmodulation

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2243537A (en) * 1940-07-31 1941-05-27 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resonator grid structure
US2463267A (en) * 1941-04-26 1949-03-01 Gen Electric High-frequency apparatus
US2466064A (en) * 1943-06-28 1949-04-05 Sperry Corp Velocity modulation apparatus
US2512887A (en) * 1941-10-29 1950-06-27 Gen Electric Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type
US2547061A (en) * 1945-12-17 1951-04-03 Int Standard Electric Corp Multiple gap velocity modulation tube
US2566820A (en) * 1947-08-22 1951-09-04 Philco Corp Signal mixing system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2243537A (en) * 1940-07-31 1941-05-27 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resonator grid structure
US2463267A (en) * 1941-04-26 1949-03-01 Gen Electric High-frequency apparatus
US2512887A (en) * 1941-10-29 1950-06-27 Gen Electric Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type
US2466064A (en) * 1943-06-28 1949-04-05 Sperry Corp Velocity modulation apparatus
US2547061A (en) * 1945-12-17 1951-04-03 Int Standard Electric Corp Multiple gap velocity modulation tube
US2566820A (en) * 1947-08-22 1951-09-04 Philco Corp Signal mixing system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2955229A (en) * 1956-11-14 1960-10-04 Gen Electric Secondary emission suppression in electron beam tubes
US3064159A (en) * 1958-05-09 1962-11-13 Patelhold Patentverwertung Microwave tube with interdigital electrode construction
US2972080A (en) * 1959-05-25 1961-02-14 Philips Corp Klystron
US3252034A (en) * 1962-04-16 1966-05-17 Eitel Mccullough Inc R-f window for high power electron tubes
US3447018A (en) * 1966-09-16 1969-05-27 Varian Associates High power multicavity amplifier having enlarged drift tube gap defining portions to inhibit electronic feedback
US4300105A (en) * 1979-01-24 1981-11-10 Societa Italiana Telecomunicazioni Siemens S.P.A. Two-cavity klystron oscillator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE504087A (xx)
GB708276A (en) 1954-05-05
CH290735A (de) 1953-05-15
NL154330B (nl)
NL75726C (xx)
FR1038542A (fr) 1953-09-29
DE893693C (de) 1953-10-19

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