US2753973A - Justifier for typewriters - Google Patents

Justifier for typewriters Download PDF

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Publication number
US2753973A
US2753973A US342001A US34200153A US2753973A US 2753973 A US2753973 A US 2753973A US 342001 A US342001 A US 342001A US 34200153 A US34200153 A US 34200153A US 2753973 A US2753973 A US 2753973A
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United States
Prior art keywords
contacts
spacing
cam
line
cams
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US342001A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ronald D Dodge
Leon E Palmer
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to NL98397D priority Critical patent/NL98397C/xx
Priority to BE527166D priority patent/BE527166A/xx
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US342001A priority patent/US2753973A/en
Priority to DEI8367A priority patent/DE1059931B/de
Priority to GB6819/54A priority patent/GB754003A/en
Priority to FR1105863D priority patent/FR1105863A/fr
Priority to CH320353D priority patent/CH320353A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2753973A publication Critical patent/US2753973A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/01—Control of flow without auxiliary power
    • G05D7/0126—Control of flow without auxiliary power the sensing element being a piston or plunger associated with one or more springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J19/00—Character- or line-spacing mechanisms
    • B41J19/18—Character-spacing or back-spacing mechanisms; Carriage return or release devices therefor
    • B41J19/60—Auxiliary feed or adjustment devices
    • B41J19/64—Auxiliary feed or adjustment devices for justifying

Definitions

  • Still another object is to provide a justifying mechanism which operates upon actuation of the space bar of a typewriter for varying the spaces between words of a line to the extent necessary to provide an even right hand margin without affecting the spacing between the characters of words.
  • Yet another object isto provide a justifying mechanism which is independent of the typewriter and which can readily be electrically connected interchangeably with any one of a group of similar typewriters.
  • Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view of'the justifier taken on. the line 77 of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view taken on the line 8-8 in Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view on the line 9-9 in Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view taken on the line 10-10 in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic wiring diagram of the justifier mechanism.
  • Fig. 12 is a developed view of the circuit controlling cams.
  • Fig. 13 is a detail view of a word space counter dial.
  • Fig. 14 is a detail view of a unit space index. 4
  • Fig. 15 is a section taken on the line 15-15 ofFig. 6.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown an improved justifier 1 electrically connected by a cable 2 to an electric typewriter 3.
  • Fig. '11 the wiring in the typewriter 3 is shown enclosed and the wires shown comingfrom the typewriter on the right to the justifier on the left constitute the cable 2.
  • the typewriter-3 contains a proportional spacing'mechanism which functions in substantially the same way as the mechanism disclosed in which is connected to a typewriter in such-a way that the typewriter may be used independently ing mechanism without any manipulation.
  • Still another object is to provide a justifying mechanism which can be selectively set by only one easily manipulated dial to expand or condense a typeline.
  • Another object is to provide a justifying mechanism having a novel. built-in counter which indicates the num-' ber of spaces between words in each typed line.
  • Yet another object is to provide a mechanism which is capable of varying the spacing between words in 'a typed line to obtain a desired expansion or contraction of the justifyeven when the number of words in the line are greater 7 than the built-in capacity of the mechanism.
  • Another object is to provide for a typewriter, a justifying mechanism which is restored by the carriage return of the typewriter to an inactive position in readiness for typing with normal spacing between words, a
  • capement mechanisms for operation to space thecarriage an extent depending upon the width of the character to be printed.
  • the typewriter chosen .to illustrate this invention can space either two, three, four or five units but it will be understood that the invention is. not limited in its application with the specific machine selec'ted for purposes of illustration but may be used in conjunction with other typewriters equally as well. Since the variable or proportional spacing typewriter is now well known in the art and is'fully described in the above mentioned patent, only a very brief general description of the machine will be givenvsuch as will enable thepresent invention to be readily understood.
  • the numeral 10 (Figs. 2 and 3) designates one of the key levers of which there is one for eachcharacter printing type bar; ;
  • the key lever 10' is pivoted on a- PatentNo. 2,547,449 to select one or more of: the escross rod 11 suitably supported in the side frames 12 of lever 10 in a counterclockwise directiontFig. 2).
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a typewriter having the improved justifier associated therewith.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the typewriter
  • each key lever 10- is 'a character printing type bar 15. which, as usual vinthe art, may be provided with two types locomprising upper and lower case characters.
  • the type bars 15' are supported in a type basket which includes the usual segment 17 and the type 'bars 15 are pivot/ally supported in the segment 17 by v the usual curved pivot wire 18.
  • the segment 17 is slotted to accommodate the type bars 15, and since the segment is curved, the'type bars '15 recline at the angle shown in Fig. '2, but'at different levels in the machine.
  • Each type bar 15 is operated by'a power-unit which includes a sub-lever 19 connected by a link 20 to an extension 15a formed on the associatedtype bar 15,
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the escapement selectors and variable spacing mechanism for the writer.
  • Fig. 4 is a large scale rear able spacing mechanism.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the space bar mechanism and part of the carriage. return and tabular mechanisms.
  • each sub-lever 19 is formed with a deep notch 22 which cooperates with a fulcrum strip 23 having a rounded nose 24 that is kept seated in'the notch 22 by means of a spring 25 which is anchored to the lower end of the sub-lever 19 below the notch 22 and to a lug 26 on the fulcrum strip 23.
  • the sp 'ng 25 not only serves to hold the sub-lever 19 on the ivot or nose 24 but also tends to restore the sub-lever 19 when it has been actuated as hereafter described and incidentally assists in restoring the type bar 15 after it has made its impression.
  • Each power unit includes a somewhat L-shaped cam element 27 pivoted at stud 28 on the sub-lever 19.
  • This cam 27 is provided with a restoring spring 29 which is anchored to an car 30 formed on the cam 27 and to a lug struck from the sub-lever 19.
  • the cam 27 is provided with a spiral tread 31 designed to cooperate with the power roller 32 which rotates continually in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 2) while the machine is in use. Normally, however, the upper end of the tread 31 clears the power roller with the parts shown in the position of Fig. 2 which is the normal position.
  • Each cam 27 has an elongated tail piece 33 which ordinarily is held in engagement with a lug 34 on a release member 35, the spring 29 in the position of Fig. 2 holding the tail piece 33 against the lug 34.
  • the release member 35 is provided with a slot through which passes a stud 36 carried by an arm forming part of the sublever 19.
  • a spring 37 connected at one end to an ear 38 formed on the release member 35 and at the other end to a lug 39 formed on the arm of sub-lever 19, holds the member 35 with the stud 36 at the right-hand end of the slot and also normally holds the member 35 up against the lug 39.
  • the member 35 has a lug 40 which just clears a short extension or lug 41 on the character key 10.
  • the member 35 When the character key is depressed, the member 35 is rocked slightly counterclockwise by the engagement of the lug 41 with the lug 40. This rocks the cam 27 clockwise sufficiently to bring the upper end of the tread 31 into engagement with the surface of the power roller 32. Thereafter, the power roller 32 drives the cam 27 in a clockwise direction and, due to the eccentric shape of the tread 31 on cam 27, pushes the stud 28 to the right in a short arcuate path, thereby actuating the sublever 19 in a clockwise direction on pivot 24, and through the link 20 operating the type bar to elfect an imprint from one of the types 16.
  • a space selecting mechanism is provided which can either be operated by the power mechanism for the type bars or by the justifier.
  • This mechanism is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and is largely mounted underneath the keyboard just in front (to the right in Fig. 2), of the power roller 32.
  • a cross shaft 50 is journalled in the side frames 12 (Fig. 3) underneath the front ends of the keys 10,
  • the shaft 50 is circumferentially grooved to vertically guide two support plates 51 in which are loosely pivotally supported selector bails 52A, 52B and 52C.
  • Each bail consists of a round rod formed with cranks at its ends pivoted at 53 in the plates 51.
  • the plates 51 are vertically guided at their lower ends by studs 54 carried by the side frames 12 so that the plates 51 are compelled to move vertically and linearly.
  • studs 54 carried by the side frames 12 so that the plates 51 are compelled to move vertically and linearly.
  • two bell cranks 55 and 56 Secured to the shaft 50 near its ends are two bell cranks 55 and 56, each of which has a pin 57 and 58, respectively, loose in a horizontal slot formed in one of the plates 51, and the bell crank 55 is connected by a link 59 to a lever 60 (Fig.
  • the spacing mechanism and the selector mechanism are so designed that normally the typewriter will space two units unless three, four or five units are selected.
  • the selector bails 52A, 52B and 52C will not be operated but the spacing mechanism will nevertheless, be operated to effect two units of spacing.
  • electrical circuits are completed, as will be presently shown, which will normally cause the machine to space three units unless two, four or five units are selected. This is done to provide for a condensing action from the normal three unit spacing to two unit spacing, or for an expanding action to four and five unit spacing.
  • selector bars For the purpose of operating the bails 52A, 52B and 52C to select three, four or five units of spacing between characters, there is provided a series of selector bars (Figs. 2 and 3) which are pivoted at 66 to the sub-levers 19 whereby the bar 65 will be drawn to the left each time thecorresponding type bar 15 is operated in the manner explained above.
  • the selector bars 65 are guided at their front or right hand endstFig. 2) by a cross bar 67 so that their motion is substantially horizontal.
  • These selector bars 65 are provided with various combinations of lugs like 68A and 68B, or none at all, adjacent the bails 52A, 52B and 52C whereby the bails are rocked clockwise selectively.
  • the selector bar 65 in Fig. 3 is typical of a character which is to have three units of spacing in the lower case and four units of spacing in the upper case. Accordingly, the lug 68A is so shaped as to move the bail 52A rearwardly each time the bar 65 is operated, whereas the lug 68B is so shaped as to move the bail 52B rearwardly when the plates 51 are elevated as is the case when the type basket is shifted to upper case position, but, under the last condition, the bail 52A will clear the lug 68A.
  • arms 70A, 70B and 70C connected by links 71A, 71B and 71C to hell cranks 72A, 72B and 72C journalled on a fixed pivot 73.
  • the letters A, B, and C are associated with the parts which effect the selections of three, four and five units of spacing, respectively.
  • the bell cranks 72A, 72B and 72C have forked connections 74A, 74B and 74C (Figs. 2 and 3) to interposers 75A, 75B and 75C which are pivotally slidably mounted on a fixed stud 76.
  • the stud 76 also supports a fourth interposer 80 (Figs.
  • the interposer 80 is pivoted on the stud 76 with a very loose fit so that its upper end may be swung forwardly in Fig. 3 (rearwardly in Fig. 4) for a purpose to be made clear presently.
  • the interposer-s 75A, 75B, 75C and 80 are mounted within a cage 83 which keeps the interposers in intimate contact with each other while permitting them to slide vertically, with the exception of the interposer 80.
  • This cage 83 is loosely mounted on the stud 76 so that the cage and the interposers 75A, 75B, 75C and 80 all swing bodily on the stud- 76.
  • a common opcrating member 85 Pivotally mounted on a fixed stud 84 is a common opcrating member 85 which partly encloses the interposers 75A, 75B, 75C and 80 and has a link connection 86 to the universal bar 87.
  • This universal bar 87 is pushed to the left (Fig. 2) each time a type bar is operated thereby rocking the common operating member 85 clockwise (Fig. 2) on its pivot 84.
  • This same operation shows up in Fig. 3 as a forward motion of the top 85A of the common operating member 85, and in Fig. 4 as a rearward gamma motion of the top 85A.
  • the top 85A acts 'to effect a rocking of interposer 80 and any other interposer 75A, 75B and 750 which might be raised at the time. 'With the interposers 75A, 75B and 75C in their .lower positiops..(Fig. 2) the top 85A of the operating member does not engage them when rocked in a clockwhich engage an escapement rack 94 (Figs. 2 and 4) se-- cured in any suitable manner to the bottom of the chanurged by.a spring 120 toward engagement with the continuously rotating power roller 32.
  • a member 122 Pivotally mounted on the sub-lever 116 is a member 122 for holding the cam 119 normally free of the power roll, and this memher is connected by a link 123 to a lever 124 which cooperates with the space bar 110.
  • a lever 124 At the lower end of the sub-lever 116 is an ear 125 which cooperates with .word space contacts 126 for closing the latter upon depression of the space bar.
  • the cam control mechanism is similar to that disclosed in Patent No. 2,517,989 and needs no further description at this time.
  • the link 123 When the space bar 110 is depressed, the link 123 operates the member 122 for releasing the cam so that it engages the power roller and is actuated thereby to rock the sub-lever 116 clockwise about the rod 117 for closing the contacts 126 and effecting a forward movement of the link 114.
  • the closing of contacts 126 energize nel shaped member 95 which forms part of the carriage of the typewriter.
  • the escapement pawls 93A to 93F are selectively operated by the interposers 75A, 75B, 75C and 80 to effect proportional spacing of the carriage in a manner thoroughly disclosed in Patent 2,547,449.
  • interposer 80 when interposer 80 is rocked, it operates the pawls 93A to 93F to feed the carriage two unit spaces, and when interposers 75A, 75B and 75C are rocked, three, four and five unit spacing, respectively, is eiiected.
  • Carriage return is accomplished by depressing a carriage return key 127 (Fig. 5) to cause a cam 128 to be operated by the power roller 32 for rocking a sub-
  • the clockwise rocking of sub-lever 129 closes contacts 130 and pulls a link 131 forward.
  • Link 131 operates a carriage return mechanism which is well known in the art and which will not be described in the present case because its specific construction is not a feature of the invention claimed hereinafter.
  • Tabulation is accomplished by depressing a tab key 132 to cause a cam 133 to be operated by the power roller 32 for rocking it sub-leverv 134 clockwise and pulling forward on a link 136.
  • Link 136 operates a tabular mechanism which is also well known in the art and will not be described herein.
  • the clockwise rocking of sub-lever 134 causes a transfer arm 137 of a transfer switch 138 5 and 11) to move from a position in contact witha contact'arm 139 to a position in contact with a contact arm 140.
  • the closing of contacts 130 and the shifting of the transfer switch 138 comgive three unit spacing.
  • the means for rocking the com mon operating member 85 between words will be presently described.
  • With the bails 52B and52'C there is associated a similar series of parts designated 96B, 97B, 98B and 99B and 96C, 97C, 98C, and 99C respectively,
  • an arm 111 connected to one end of a rod 112 which is rotatably supported by any stationary means, not shown.
  • Fixed to the rod 112 is a lever 113 that is connected by a link 114 to a sublever 116 which is loosely mounted on a rod 117 supported by the framework in any suitable manner.
  • Justifying indicator 1 -In order to produce a justified. typewritten sheet it is desirable to first type the material in draft form. As each line is completed in typing the draft, the operator first notes how many units of spacing the line is short of or beyond the length desired and then notes the number of words in the line. The draft copy thus obtained is now retyped on a new sheet of paper. Before retyping each line, the operator sets the justifier mechanism from the information noted on the-draft copy and types the line in the normal way. The justifier automatically operates in a manner to be presently explained for expanding or condensing the line to the length desired. If the typewriter has a long carriage, the need for the operator to stop and note the required information on the rough draft is avoided.
  • the rough draft is placed to .the left on the carriageand the new sheet of paper to the right.
  • the operator arm 118 of the sub-lever 116 carries a cam 119 which is 76 is short of or beyond the length desired, provision is made for a unit space index 150 (Figs. 1 and 14) on the carriage of the typewriter.
  • the unit space index contains a notch 151, between an expand scale 152 and a condense scale 153.
  • the expand and condense scales 152 and 153 are divided into 20 and 10 units respectively, the width of each unit corresponding to one unit of spacing of the typewriter. It should be kept in mind that the typewriter spaces 2, 3, 4 and unit spaces only.
  • a rough draft sheet of paper is placed in the carriage in a well known manner and the carriage is positioned so that the place selected for the right hand margin on the paper is at the typing position 154 (Fig. l).
  • a pencil is held in the notch 151 and the platen 21 is rotated to provide an accurate vertical line, known as a justifying line, extending from top to bottom of the rough draft sheet.
  • a justifying line extending from top to bottom of the rough draft sheet.
  • the justifying line will then indicate on the scales 152 or 153 whether an expanding or condensing action is to take place and the number of unit spaces to be added or subtracted from the trial line to provide for an even righthand margin.
  • Word space counter As has been previously explained, the operator must make a reading of the number of word spaces in the trial line. This reading is necessary because in this invention, jnstification is effected by varying only the spaces between words. During the spacing operations between words, as a consequence of the depression of the space bar 110, the justifying mechanism automatically operates to vary the spacing between words, in a manner to be presently described, by selectively controlling the variable escapement mechanism.
  • a novel word space counter which is provided for counting the number of word spaces in a line will now be described.
  • a ratchet 160 (Figs. 6, 7, and 8) is attached to a sleeve 161 to which a word space counter dial 162 (Figs. 6 and 13) is connected by set screws 163.
  • the unit comprising the dial 162, ratchet 160 and sleeve 161 is free to rotate on a shaft 164 which is rotatably supported by a frame 166.
  • Printed numbers 167 (Fig. 13) on the face of the word space counter dial 162 indicate the number of spaces between words in the trial line.
  • the numbers 167 can be read through a window 168 (Figs. 1 and 6) in a casing 169. It should be noted at this point that provision is only made for the counting of word spaces (11 words) in a line. The situation where there are more than 10 word spaces in a line will be discussed later.
  • a stepping pawl 171 which is rotatably connected by a pin 172 to a link 173 and a lever 174.
  • the link 173 is connected to a plunger arm 176 of a solenoid 177 (Fig. 7). and the lever 174 is attached to a hub 178 (Fig. 6) which is free to rotate on the shaft 164.
  • Acting in conjunction with the stepping pawl 171 is a detent 179 which is pivoted on a stud 181 mounted on a cylindrical block 182 (Fig. 8) fixed to the frame 166.
  • An car 183 on the detent 179 is normally held in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet 160 by a spring 184 anchored to a stud 186 on the frame 166.
  • a torsion spring 187 Surrounding the sleeve 161 is a torsion spring 187 anchored at one end to a stud 188 supported by the frame 166, and attached at its other end to the sleeve 161 for urging the ratchet 160 in a clockwise direction.
  • solenoid 177 effects a lowering of the stepping pawl 171 and a swinging of the lever 174 downwarly against the action of a spring 189 which is fastened to one end of the lever 174 and is anchored to a stud 191 mounted on the frame 166.
  • Movement of the ratchet 160 and its accompanying space counter dial 162 is efiected when the solenoid 177 is deenergized. This permits the spring 189 to lift the lever 174 and the stepping pawl 171 until the lever engages a stop 192; The stepping pawl 171 is urged counterclockwise by a 'torsion spring 193 so that it engages a tooth of the ratchet 160 and rotates the latter counterclockwise one step. As the lever 174 approaches the upper limit of its movement, a tail portion 194 of the stepping pawl 171,,engages the stop 192 and effects a releasing of the pawl 171 from the ratchet 160.
  • the detent 179 normally cooperates with the ratchet 160 for holding it against rotation by the spring 187 when the pawl 171 is disengaged.
  • the solenoid 177 is energized, as described later, only during the spacing of the typewriter carriage between words.
  • the operator observes through the window 168 the number on the dial indicating the word spaces in the trial line.
  • the detent 179 is connected through a link 196 to a plunger arm 197 of a solenoid 198 (Fig. 7).
  • a latch 199 which is pivoted at a fixed pin 201 and is pulled in clockwise direction by a spring 202 anchored to the stud 186.
  • Cooperating with the latch 199 is a pin 203 protruding from the ratchet 160, and a cylindrical stop 204 fastened to the frame 166 by a screw 206.
  • the energizing of the solenoid 198 in a manner to be presently described effects a lowering of the link 196 for rocking the detent 179 around the pivot 181 and thereby disengaging the detent car 183 from the tooth of the ratchet 160.
  • the detent is held counterclockwise by the engagement of a detent car 207 with the latch 199 at notch 208.
  • the pin 203 strikes the arm of latch 199 and pushes it up against the stop 204. This releases the latch from the detent so that the latter engages the ratchet 160 again in its zero position.
  • solenoid 177 The energizing of solenoid 177 is accomplished by actuating the space bar on the typewriter to effect a closing of the word space contacts 126 as previously described. This completes a circuit (Fig. 11) from one side of the 110 volt line 216 through wire 217, wire 218, the closed word space contacts 126, wire 219 and the solenoid 177 to wire 220 and the other side of the 110 volt line 216.
  • Solenoid 198 is energized at the end of a typed line by actuating the carriage return key 127 on the typewriter to efiect a closing of the carriage return contacts as previously described. This completes a circuit, from one side of the 110 volt line 216 through wire 217, the closed carriage return contacts 130, through wire 221, the normally closed tab transfer switch 138, wire 222, solenoid 198 and back to wire 220 and the other side of the 110 volt line 216.
  • the solenoid 198 may also be energized by pressing the tab key 132 on the typewriter to effect a closing of the normally open tab transfer switch 138 as previously described. This completes a circuit from one side of the 110 volt line 216 through wire 217, wire 223, normally open tab transfer switch 138, wire 222 and solenoid 198 to. wire 220 and the other side of the 110 volt line 216.
  • the counter dial 162 in typing the trial line, the counter dial 162 is advanced step by step by the actuation of the space bar 110, thereby counting the word spaces. The counter dial 162 is then reset at the end of the line by actuating the carriage return key.
  • the operator may actuate the tab key 132 to move from the rough draft to the new sheet and, in that case, the tab key 132 acts to reset the counter dial 162. The reason for resetting the counter dial 162 in a tabular operation will be discussed more fully later.
  • Selector mechanism Selector cams 230, 231 and 232 are provided to control, in a manner to be presently described, the energizing of the solenoids 96A, 96B and 96C (Fig. 3) which position the interposers, as described above, to determine movement of the typewriter carriage between words. If a trial line is typed an extent short of the right hand margin, the cams are set so as to energize the solenoids for effecting an increased spacing between some or all of the words, or the spacing may progressively-decrease and become a constant three unit spacing as the typing of the line proceeds.
  • the escapement mechanism is operated to cause a decreased spacing between some or all of the words, or the spacing may increase and become a constant three unit spacing towards the end of the line.
  • the first few spaces between words will be greater or lesser than the last few, unless the values are such that it is possible to divide the increased or decreased spacing equally among the word spaces.
  • a knob 233 (Figs. 1 and 6) is fastened by a screw 234 to the shaft 164.
  • a set screw 236 holds a main dial 237 (Figs. 1 and 6) fastened to the knob 233.
  • the main dial 237 contains ten'numerals, known as the word space scale 239, representative of the number of word spaces in the line, and formed on the dial is a triangular indicator 242. T he word space scale 239 is used in expand operations, and the triangular indicator 242 is used in condense operations.
  • the face plate 169 at the front of the justifier 1 contains an expand index 244 and a condense index 246.
  • the expand index 244 is divided into twenty units denoting the number of unit spaces to be expanded, and the condense index 246 is divided into ten units denoting the number of unit spaces to be condensed.
  • the cams 230, 231 and 232 are operable to effect movement of the carriage three, four and five space units, respectively. These cams are equally spaced on the shaft 164 by four spacer sleeves 247a, 247b, 247e, and 247d, and the unit comprising the cams and sleeves are held tightly together and fastened to the shaft 164 by nuts 248a and 248b threaded on the shaft 164. Rotating the shaft 164 acts to turn all three cams 230, 231 and 232 as a unit.
  • the three unit selector earn 230 carries eleven high dwells of widths representative of one unit of spacing.
  • Ten of the high dwells are used in expanding, and high dwell 249 is used for condensing.
  • the ten expanding high dwells are spaced at progressively increasing distances from a minimum of three units width between the first and second dwells and increasing in steps of two units to a maximum of nineteen units width between the ninth and tenth dwell.
  • the four unit selector cam 231 and the five unit selector cam 232 are used only in expanding and they each carry ten high dwells of progressively greater widths, from a width of one unit for the first dwell to ten units width for the tenth dwell.
  • cams 230, 231 and 232 are offset from each other as can be seen in Figs. 11 and 12, so that only one dwell of the three cams can be active at any one time to cooperate with contacts which will now he described.
  • a lug 251 (Figs. 6 and 9) which is attached to a transfer arm 252 of a set of contacts 253. Stacked under contacts 253 are contacts 254 and 256. Contacts 253 are normally held open by the action of leaf spring 257 against transfer arm 252, while contacts 254 and 256 are normally held closed by the action of leaf springs 258 and 259 against transfer arms 261 and 262 of contacts 254 and 256, respectively.
  • a lug 263 (Figs. 6 and 15) which is attached to a transfer arm 264 of a set of contacts 266. Contacts 266 are normally held open by the action of leaf spring 267 against transfer arm 264.
  • the five unit selector cam 232 acts on a lug 268 (Fig. 6) which operates a normally open set of contacts 269 similar to contacts 266.
  • the cams 230, 231 and 232 are arranged upon the shaft 164 so that the high dwells of the cams are located, with respect to the numbers of the word space scale, in the positions shown in Fig. 12. It will be noted that the high dwells of cam 230 are in line with the numbers of the scale while the high dwells on cams 231 are located so that their right hand edges are in line with the left hand edges of the dwells of cam 230.
  • the cam 232 is arranged so that the right hand edges of its high dwells are in line with the left hand edges of the dwells on cam 231.
  • the cams are caused to rotate so that their high dwells move one unit space to the left in Fig. 12. This causes the contacts 253 to be closed and the contacts 266 to be opened. No further rotation of the cams will take place upon actuating the space bar 110, and the carriage escapement resulting from an actuation of the space bar after the first will be equal to three units.
  • a ratchet wheel 270 (Figs. 6, 9 and 10) is fastened to a hub 271 attached to the shaft 164 by screws 272a and 272b.
  • the unit comprising the ratchet wheel 270, the cams 230, 231 and 232, and the main dial 237 hereafter referred to as the cam assembly, can be set manually by rotating the knob 233.
  • a stepping pawl 273 which is urged clockwise (Fig. 9) by a spring 274 and which is connected by a pin 275 to a lever 276.
  • the lever 276 is connected at one end to a hub 280 (Figs. 6 and 10) loosely mounted on the shaft 164 and connected at its other end to a spring 277'which is anchored to a fixed stud 278.
  • a link 279 which is connected to a plunger 281 of an advancing solenoid 282.
  • Acting in conjunction with the stepping pawl 273 is a detent 283 which is pivoted on fixed stud 284 and is normally held in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 270 by a spring 286 anchored to the stud 278.
  • a pneumatic stop 288 In contact with the stepping pawl 273 is a pneumatic stop 288 which acts in a well known manner to prevent the pawl 273 from building up too much momentum in its upward stroke and limits the rotation of the ratchet wheel 270 to only one step at a time.
  • a stop 287 normally engages the stepping pawl 273 and holds it free of the ratchet.
  • the upward motion of the lever 276 is also limited by the stop 287.
  • the dial 237 turns with the ratchet wheel in a manner previously explained, so that the numeral on the word space scale 239 moves toward the on the expand index 244.
  • the numeral is on this 0 position (known as the home position)
  • no further rotation takes place.
  • one of the high dwells of the three unit selectorcam 230 acts to close the contacts 253 and to open the contacts 254 and 256.
  • the closing of contacts 253 closes a circuit which effects three unit spacing in the home position while the opening of contacts 254 opens a circuit to stop any further rotation of the cam assembly.
  • a circuit can be traced for energizing the advancing solenoid 282 when the word space contact 126 is closed by an actuation of the space bar 110 and the cam 230 is in a position to close contacts 254.
  • the cir cuit proceeds from one side of the 110 volt line 216, through wire 217, wire 218, the word space contact 126, wire 219, wire 303, normally closed contacts Rla of a restore relay R1, wire 306, contacts 254, wire 307, through either contacts 308 or restore contacts Rlb, wire 310, advancing solenoid 282 and back to the other side of the H0 volt line 216.
  • the circuit for energizing solenoid 96B and giving four unit spacing between words is completed when the cam 231 is in a position to close the contacts 266.
  • the cam 230 is in such a position that the contacts 253 are open and the contacts 254 are closed, and the cam 232 is in such a position that the contacts 269 are open.
  • the circuit through the solenoid 968 can be traced from one side of the volt line 216 to point 314 as in the previous circuit and from there through wire 319, contacts 266, wire 321 and solenoid 968 to the other side of the 110 volt line 216.
  • a word spacing of four unit spaces adds one unit space to the normal three unit word space.
  • a word spacing of five unit spaces adds two unit spaces to the normal three unit word space.
  • the 6" on the word space scale 239 is moved opposite the 3 on the expand index 244. In Fig. 12, this movement shows up as a shifting to the right of the cams 230, 231 and 232 to the position where the sixth high dwell on the cam 230 has moved three units past the contacts 253.
  • contact 266 is closed by the high dwell of the four units cam 231 and remains closed until the cam assembly is advanced three steps to the left.
  • Each actuation of the space bar 110 will give four unit spacing by energizing solenoid 96B, and will rotate the cams counterclockwise one step since the cam 230 permits contacts 254 to close for energizing the avancing solenoid 282.
  • the high dwell on the four units cam 231 holds contacts 266 closed for three word spaces, at which time the cam 230 reaches a position for closing the contacts 253 and opening the contacts 254, and the cam 231 reaches a position at which the contacts 266 open.
  • the triangular indicator 242 is in such a posi tion on the dial 237 that any setting of the indicator opposite the condense index 246 results in a positioning of low dwells 3301:, 330b and 330c-(Fi'gs. 11 and 12) on 'cams 230, 231 and 232, respectively, opposite the contacts 253, 266 and 269 so that the latter are in open positions.
  • 'none of the solenoids 96A, 968 or .960 can be energized and an actuation of space bar 110 gives two unit spacing in a manner previously described. Actuation of the space bar 110, however, rotates the cam assembly counterclockwise (to the left in Fig. 12) since the contacts 254 are closed to complete the circuit including'the solenoid 282.
  • a rotation. of the cams in steps continues until the high dwell 249 on cam 230 closes contacts 253 when three unit spacing betweenfwords is again obtained.-
  • the triangular indicator 242 on the dial 237 moves the high dwell 249 of the cam'230 four unit widths from the contact 253.
  • Contacts 253 as well as contacts 266 and 269 are open at this time and a spacing of two units between words is obtained when the space bar is actuated.
  • the contacts 254 are closed, however, tov effect a turning of the cams counterclockwise one step for each actuation of the space bar 110.
  • the cams After four actuations of i the space bar, the cams have rotated to the home position where the high dwell 249 closes contact 253 and opens contacts 254 and 256. This results in normal three unit spacing until the end of the line as there is nofurther rotation of the cams with the contacts 254 open. It will be seen that a total subtraction of four unit spaces from the trial line is effected.
  • Limit switch The word space scale 239 contains only ten units.
  • a limit switch 312 (Figs. 7 and. 11) is provided to take would always result, preventing proper justification. -1fv care of a condition in an expansion operation in which there are more than ten word spaces in a trial line.
  • An arm 340, Fig. 7, is fastened to the ratchet 160 and is positioned so that it strikes a transfer arm'341 of the limit switch 312 after ten actuations of the space bar. This moves the transfer arm 341 against the action of a spring 342 and effects an opening of the normally closed contacts and a closing of the normally open contacts of limit switch 312. An actuation of the space bar 110 in this condition completes a circuit (Fig.
  • the word space counter can only count up to ten word spaces. If there are more than ten word spaces, the counter remains on ten. -It is not necessary to have a counter of greater capacity because the justifier is designed to do its expanding in a maximum of ten word spaces.
  • the'word space counter has to be resettable by operations of the tabular key 132 and the carriage return key 127. As'has been previously operation to the .new sheet preparatory to retyping the is set opposite. the "4 on the condense index 246. This v line; If the counter ratchet 160 were not reset and the would have been transferred by the arm 340 and no mat-' ter 'what setting the operator made, three unit spacing the trial line had less than ten words andthe counter ratchet was not reset, then an expanding or condensing of the spaces between some of the words in the retyped line may be obtained but this would be stopped as soon as the word space counter reached a position indicating a counting of ten words. The same situation would exist if the word space counter was not returned to its zero position each time that the carriage was returned for typing a new line on the same sheet.
  • the resetting of the word space counter is accomplished, as mentioned above, by energizing the solenoid 198. This is done by either closing the contacts 138 on operation of the tabulation key or transferring the contacts by operation of the carriage return key. Closing the contacts 130 completes a circuit from the power source 216 through conductor 217, contacts 130, conductor 221, normally closed side of contacts 138, conductor 222 and solenoid 198 to conductor220 at the other side of the power source. A transfer of the contacts 138 results in the completion of a circuit like the above except that the conductor 217 is connected through the normally open side 222. Restoring Since the cam assembly is rotated only one step for eachword space, the cam assembly might not be completely restored to a zero position after typing a justified line. If the cam assembly was not restored to zero posi-.
  • a pin 350 (Figs 9 and 10) connects a motion multiplier arm 351 to the lever 276.
  • the motion multiplier arm 351 is pivoted at one end on a stationary pin 352 and is connected at its other end through a toggle spring 353 to a bell crank 354 which is pivoted at 356.
  • Closing contact R-lc and the normally open contacts of R-la completes a circuit from one side of the 110 volt line 216 through wire 217, wire 363, contacts R-la, wire 306, contacts 254, wire 307 to point 364. From point 364 the circuit continues through wire 366, contacts R-lc, point 361, wire 362 and the restore relay R-l to wire 220 at the other side of the line. This circuit acts as a holding circuit to keep relay R-l energized even after the carriage return contacts 130 have been opened. Another circuit is completed from point 364 through wire 307, restore contacts 308, wire 310, advancing solenoid 282 and wire 220 to the other side of the line, energizing solenoid 282.
  • the energized solenoid 282 acts as previously described to advance the cam assembly one step and also to mechanically open contacts 308 for deenergizing solenoid 282.
  • Contacts 308 control the energizing and deenergizing of solenoid 282 because contacts Rlb are held open by relay R-l.
  • the deenergized solenoid 282 permits plunger arm 197 to rise and eilect a closing of contact 308. This reenergizes solenoid 282 to effect another advancement of the cam assembly. This reciprocating motion to restore contacts 308 continues until the cam assembly has been restored to a home position at which time contacts 254 open dcenergizing the advancing solenoid 282 and preventing further advancement.
  • a machine for preparing justified copy comprising, in combination, a carriage, an escapement mechanism opdifferent extents; means including a plurality of electromagnets separately energizable for selecting the different extents of feed of said carriage; a plurality of contacts associated with said plurality of electromagnets and individually series connected with corresponding ones of said electromagnets; a selector device having a plurality of cams, one cam associated with each of said plurality of contacts, each cam having a plurality of high dwells, said highdwells being operable to close only one of said plurality of contacts at any settable position of said selector device; a spacing contact, word spacing means for closing said spacing contact and operating the escapement mechanism. for a selected extent of feed of said carriage, circuit means for energizing said plurality of electromagnets through said plurality of contacts and said spacing contact, and means operable upon actuation of said spacing means for changing the position of said selector device.
  • an escapement mechanism including selectively operable devices to enable said carriage to be fed a plurality of different extents, means including a first electromagnet energizable for selecting one of said selectively operable devices to feed the carriage a normal extent, means including a plurality of electromagnets separately energizable for selecting different ones of said selectively operable devices to feed said carriage extents progressively greater than said normal extent, word spacing means for operating the selectively operable devices and operable on one of said selectively operable devices to feed said carriage less than said normal extent when neither said first electromagnet or said plurality of electromagnets are energized,- and means including a spacing contact controlled by said spacing means for selectively energizing said electromagnets.
  • an escapement mechanism including selectively operable devices to enable said carriage to be fed a plurality of different extents, a manually actuatable word spacing means for operating one of said selectively operable devices to feed the carriage a first extent, a first electromagnet energizable for operating another of said selectively operable devices to feed the carriage a second extent greater than said first extent, a plurality of electromagnets selectably energizable for operating said selectively operable devices to feed the carriage a plurality of extents progressively greater than the second extent, cam contacts associated with said first and plurality of electromagnets and individually series connected with corresponding ones of said first and plurality of electromagnets, a selector device having a plurality of cams, one cam associated with each of said cam contacts, said cams being operable to close only one of said cam contacts at any settable position of said selector device, means including a spacing contact controlled by said spacing means for energizing said first
  • a justifying mechanism for a typewriter comprising, in combination, a carriage, an escapement mechanism including devices independently operable for permitting different movements of said carriage, means including solenoids which are operable when energized for selecting different ones of said devices for operation, parallel circuits for said solenoids, a pair of normally open contacts connected in each of said circuits, a plurality of cams, one for each pair of contacts, said cams being shaped so as to effect a closing of said pairs of contacts in succession and with only one pair closed at a time, means including an electromagnet for moving said cams step by step, a source of electric power, means including a normally open switch for connecting said electromagnet and said parallel circuits to said power source, a manually operable spacing element for said typewriter, and means operable upon an actuation of said spacing element for closing said switch erable to enable said carriage to be fed a plurality of and actuating the selected ones of said devices.
  • the mechanism of claim 4 including a pair of normally closed contacts connected in series with said electromagnet for controlling the energizing of the latter, and means actuated by one of said cams for opening said pair of normally closed contacts when the pair .of normally open contacts associated with said cam are closed.
  • the mechanism of claim 4 including a transfer switch connected between said normally open switch and said parallel circuits, said transfer switch being normally in a position to connect said normally open switch to said parallel circuits, a conductor connecting the normally open side of said transfer switch to one of said solenoids, and means operable upon actuating said spacing element a predetermined number of times for transferring said transfer switch.
  • a justifying mechanism for a typewriter comprising,
  • an escapement mechanism including devices independently operable for permitting different movements of said carriage, means including solenoids which are operable when energized for selecting different ones of said devices for operation, parallel circuits for said solenoids, a pair of normally open contacts connected in each of said'circuits, a plurality of cams, one for each pair of contacts, said cams being shaped so as to effect a closing of said pairs of contacts in succession and with only one pair closed at a time, means including an electromagnet for moving said cams in steps, a source of electric power, means including a normally open switch for connecting said parallel circuits to said source of power, a.
  • the mechanism of claim 8 including a holding circuit connecting one side of said pairs of parallel connected contacts to one side of said relay, and a pair of normally open relay contacts connected in said holding circuit, said relay operating when energized for closing said normally open relay contacts.
  • a justifying mechanism for a typewriter comprising, in combination, a carriage, an escapement mechanism including devices independently operable for permitting different movements of said carriage, means including solenoids which are operable when energized for selecting difierent ones of said devices for operation, parallel circuits for said solenoids, a pair of normally open contacts connected in each of said circuits, a plurality of cams, one for each pair of contacts, said cams being shaped so as to eifect a closing of said pairs of contacts in succession and with only one pair closed at a time, means including an electromagnet for moving said cams step by step, means including a normally open switch for connecting said electromagnet and said parallel circuits to said source of power, said last mentioned means also including a pair of normally closed contacts connected in series with said electromagnet, means actuated by one of said cams for opening said normally closed contacts when the pair of normally open contacts associated with said cam' are closed, a manually operable spacing element for said typewriter, means operable upon an actuation of said spacing element for closing said
  • means including an advance, solenoidfor moving said counter step by step to counting positions, a circuit including said advance solenoid and connected in parallel with said parallel circuits, means including a solenoid for returning said counter to its zero position, a circuit including a normally open switch for controlling the energizing of said last mentioned solenoid, a carriage return key for said typewriter, and means actuated by said carriage return key for closing said last mentioned switch.
  • a justifying mechanism for a typewriter comprising, in combination, a carriage, selectively operable devices for permitting variable escapement of said carriage, interposers movable into operating positions relative to said devices and adapted to be actuated for operating different ones of said devices, a member operable to actuate said interposers when moved to said operating positions, means including solenoids which are operable when energized for moving said interposers into said operating positions, parallel circuits for said solenoids, a pair of normally open contacts connected in each of said circuits, a plurality of cams, one for each pair of contacts, each of said cams having high dwells for closing the pair of contacts associated therewith, said high dwells being so located that only one pair of contacts is closed at a time, means including an electromagnet for moving said cams step by step so as to shift the positions of said high dwells relative to said pairs of contacts, a source of electric power, means including a normally open switc for connecting said electromagnet and said parallel circuits to said power source, a space bar for
  • the mechanism of claim 11 including a pair of normally closed contacts connected in series with said electromagnet, and means operable by the high dwells of one of said cams for opening said normally closed contacts when the normally open contacts associated with said cam are closed.
  • the mechanism of claim 11 including an interposer continually located in an operating position relative to said devices and operable, when actuated alone by said member, for effecting a minimum escapement of said carriage, and low dwells on said cams at points which may be presented simultaneously to said pairs of contacts.
  • a carriage an escapement mechanism to enable said carriage to be fed to different extents
  • means including an electromagnet for selectively conditioning said escapement mechanism for the different extents of feed, a manually actuatable word spacing means operable on said escapement mechanism to feed the carriage one extent when said electromagnet is energized and a-*lesser extent when said electromagnet is not energized, a cam contact associated with said electromagnet, means for closing said contact including a cam having a high dwell which is settably positioned from said cam contact a distance representative of the variation of a line with respect to a fixed line, means for advancing said high dwell of said cam towards said cam contact upon actuation of said word spacing means, contact means under control of said cam for disabling said advancing means, and circuit means for energizing said electromagnet including said cam contact.
  • a machine for preparing justified copy comprising, in combination, a carriage, an'escapement mecha- 19 nism operable to enable said carriage to be fed aplurality of different extents; means including a plurality of electromagnets separately energizable for selecting the different extents of feed of said carriage; a plurality of contacts associated with said plurality of electromagnets and individually series connected with corresponding ones of said electromagnets', a selector device having a plurality of cams, one cam associated with each of said plurality of contacts, said cams being operable to close only one of said plurality of contacts at any settahle position of said selector device; a spacing contact, Word spacing means for closing said spacing contact and operating the escapement mechanism for a selected extent of feed of said carriage, circuit means for energizing said plurality of electromagnets through said plurality of contacts and said spacing contact, and means operable upon actuation of said spacing means for changing the position of said selector device,
  • said last mentioned means including an electrically operated device, and meansincluding contacts controlled by gneof said cams for energizing said electrically operated evice.
US342001A 1953-03-12 1953-03-12 Justifier for typewriters Expired - Lifetime US2753973A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL98397D NL98397C (de) 1953-03-12
BE527166D BE527166A (de) 1953-03-12
US342001A US2753973A (en) 1953-03-12 1953-03-12 Justifier for typewriters
DEI8367A DE1059931B (de) 1953-03-12 1954-03-06 Vorrichtung zum Ausschliessen der Zeilen an kraftangetriebenen Schreibmaschinen
GB6819/54A GB754003A (en) 1953-03-12 1954-03-09 Justifier for typewriters
FR1105863D FR1105863A (fr) 1953-03-12 1954-03-10 Dispositif de justification pour machines à écrire
CH320353D CH320353A (fr) 1953-03-12 1954-03-11 Mécanisme de justification d'une machine à écrire

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US342001A US2753973A (en) 1953-03-12 1953-03-12 Justifier for typewriters

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US2753973A true US2753973A (en) 1956-07-10

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US342001A Expired - Lifetime US2753973A (en) 1953-03-12 1953-03-12 Justifier for typewriters

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US (1) US2753973A (de)
BE (1) BE527166A (de)
CH (1) CH320353A (de)
DE (1) DE1059931B (de)
FR (1) FR1105863A (de)
GB (1) GB754003A (de)
NL (1) NL98397C (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3288263A (en) * 1963-02-07 1966-11-29 Olivetti & Co Spa Carriage long run controlling device for typewriters and like machines
US3310148A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-03-21 Ibm Expand device for proportional escapement typewriters
US3409112A (en) * 1964-11-17 1968-11-05 Olympia Werke Ag Double spacing escapement mechanism having two pawls
US3441119A (en) * 1965-05-25 1969-04-29 Olympia Werke Ag Pawl release mechanism
US3455430A (en) * 1965-05-21 1969-07-15 Olympia Werke Ag Back spacing mechanism
US3455429A (en) * 1965-06-01 1969-07-15 Olympia Werke Ag Escapement mechanism for a carriage
US3491872A (en) * 1966-01-24 1970-01-27 Bernardino Francisco Justification device for a variable spacing typewriter

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US480350A (en) * 1892-08-09 Matrix
US2379862A (en) * 1942-07-31 1945-07-10 Research Corp Justifying typewriter

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE262555C (de) * 1911-04-15
US2237770A (en) * 1938-07-28 1941-04-08 Remington Rand Inc Typewriting and like machines
US2405974A (en) * 1944-07-08 1946-08-20 Coxhead Ralph C Corp Typewriter for justifying lines
GB672638A (en) * 1947-06-25 1952-05-21 Coxhead Ralph C Corp Improvements in and relating to typing and justifying machines

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US480350A (en) * 1892-08-09 Matrix
US2379862A (en) * 1942-07-31 1945-07-10 Research Corp Justifying typewriter

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3288263A (en) * 1963-02-07 1966-11-29 Olivetti & Co Spa Carriage long run controlling device for typewriters and like machines
US3310148A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-03-21 Ibm Expand device for proportional escapement typewriters
US3409112A (en) * 1964-11-17 1968-11-05 Olympia Werke Ag Double spacing escapement mechanism having two pawls
US3455430A (en) * 1965-05-21 1969-07-15 Olympia Werke Ag Back spacing mechanism
US3441119A (en) * 1965-05-25 1969-04-29 Olympia Werke Ag Pawl release mechanism
US3455429A (en) * 1965-06-01 1969-07-15 Olympia Werke Ag Escapement mechanism for a carriage
US3491872A (en) * 1966-01-24 1970-01-27 Bernardino Francisco Justification device for a variable spacing typewriter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE527166A (de)
GB754003A (en) 1956-08-01
CH320353A (fr) 1957-03-31
NL98397C (de)
FR1105863A (fr) 1955-12-08
DE1059931B (de) 1959-06-25

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