US2750889A - Fuses for projectiles - Google Patents

Fuses for projectiles Download PDF

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Publication number
US2750889A
US2750889A US210861A US21086151A US2750889A US 2750889 A US2750889 A US 2750889A US 210861 A US210861 A US 210861A US 21086151 A US21086151 A US 21086151A US 2750889 A US2750889 A US 2750889A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cage
balls
projectile
fuse
slot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US210861A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kuhn Georges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mefina SA
Original Assignee
Mefina SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mefina SA filed Critical Mefina SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2750889A publication Critical patent/US2750889A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/18—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition when the spin rate falls below a predetermined limit, e.g. a spring force being stronger than the locking action of a centrifugally-operated lock
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F42C15/26—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means using centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/28—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges operated by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids
    • F42C15/285—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges operated by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids stored within the fuze housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition

Definitions

  • This invention relates .to fuses of the instantaneous or direct action type for projectiles having rotary motion about their axes during projection from a gun and during flight, and more particularly has reference to such fuses provided with a firing pin and a safety device including one or more locking members for securing the firing pin in inactive position.
  • the liquid type based on the how of a liquid through a diaphragm or a hole of very small diameter, comprising a plate secured by a spring, and :a membrane, which plate holds on one side of the center of the fuse a liquid of high density and on the opposite side, a mass of lead which can shift the plate and allow free passage of .the firing .p'm only after the liquid, having slowly flowed through a small orifice, shifts the center of gravity of the plate towards the side with the lead mass.
  • the third type of safety device mentioned above theoretically ensures a good trajectory safety.
  • the liquid used in the device is usually mercury which attacks certain metal parts of the fuse, the trajectory safety is not assured after a certain duration of storage.
  • the manufacture of such safety devices is intricate in view of the manipulation of mercury.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a muzzle safety device which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a muzzle ice safety device for 'a projectile fuse comprising a firing pin having a flange or "boss, a hollow member or cage surrounding the boss or flange on the firing pin and having loeking'members positionedbetween the boss or flange and the bottom 'ofthe cage to retain the firing pin in inoperative position, the circumferential wall of the cage having a slot provided therein for the egress of the locking members, a stop on the inner surface of said wall at the one side of the slot and the inner surface of said wall being of ramp formation sloping radially outwardly from the .stop to the slot in spiral form, and means releasable .under the action of centrifugal force covering said slot, said ramp, slot and stop being so positioned and constructed that upon firing the projectile from 'a gun the angular accelerationimparted to the fuse and the inertia of the locking members will retain them in the cage against the stop, but on termination of the acceleration,
  • Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a projectile fuse embodying the features of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional viewtak'en on 'line IIH of Fig. l with 'the'locking members in safety position,
  • Fig. '3 is a view similar to Fig. '2 showing the locking members .in armed position of the fuse.
  • a projectile fuse according to the present invention comprises a body 1 having a firing pin .2 mounted therein for axial movement and provided with a point for engaging a primer or detonating cap 17.
  • Aboss or flange 3 is carried by the firing pin and is engaged by one end of a slide or sleeve 4 surrounding the firing pin 2 and pressed against the same by a spring 5 surrounding the pin '2 and received in an axial bore of the .slide 4.
  • the other end of spring 5 is received in a seat 6 of the body 1.
  • the sliding member 4 has radial bores '7 in which are arranged plungers 8 with rounded ends cooperating with a conical surface 9 on a socket .10 under the action of centrifugal force.
  • Socket I0 is fixed in the body 1 of the fuse .and serves as a guide for the axial movement of the slide or sleeve 4.
  • a hollow member or cage 11 having a bottom provided with an opening 1'2 for the passage of the end of the firing .pin .2, and a circumferential wall 13 provided with a slot or opening 14 and an inwardly projecting stop 15 ad- ,jacent the slot 14.
  • the inner surface of wall 13 is in the 'form of a spiral ramp increasing in radius from the stop 15 to the opening 14.
  • the boss or flange 3 of the firing pin Within the cavity or hollow space surrounded by the wall 13 is positioned the boss or flange 3 of the firing pin. Between the flange 3 and the bottom of the cage 11 are positioned a plurality of balls 16 which serve to space the flange 3 from the bottom of cage 11 and to prevent the firing pin 2 engaging the primer 17 under the action of spring 5.
  • Body 1 is provided with an annular recess 18 about the cage 11 to receive the balls 16 when discharged from the cage through the opening or slot 14.
  • the balls 16 are retained in the cage by an annular spring 19 sur rounding the wall 13 and closing the opening or slot 14.
  • the flange 3 pressed against the balls 16 by spring 5 serves to retain the balls in position as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the fuse On firing the gun, the fuse is subjected, while the projectile is in the barrel of the gun, to the effects of axial and angular accelerations and rotates at high speed about its axis in the direction of the arrow 20, Figs. 2 and 3, and the balls 16 are held within the cage or guide by their own inertia, the last ball bearing against the stop 15.
  • the slope of the spiral ramp on the inner surface of wall 13 is made such that the force of inertia of the balls is greater than the component of centrifugal force tending to expel them through the opening 14.
  • the inertia of the balls thus holds them in place until the projectile leaves the barrel of the gun.
  • the spring 19 has expanded under the action of centrifugal force and is forced against the wall of the annular recess 18, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the curvature of the inner surface of the Walls 13 of the cage 11 forming for the balls 16 a guide of generally spiral shape, is so designed as to effect discharge of all the balls 16 upon cessation of angular acceleration of the projectile. Since the balls cannot leave their cage 11 before this acceleration has ceased, perfect muzzle safety is obtained with this device.
  • the fuse may comprise a plurality of such cages, each containing one or more balls.
  • the ramp formed by the inner surface of the wall 13 instead of having a generally spiral form, may have on at least a part of its length, the general path of a spiral helix developing in the direction of the point of the projectile and so arranged relatively to the fuse axis that in a plane at right angles thereto, the said ramp will retain a generally spiral form.
  • the balls 16 are held in the cage 11 not only by the effect of the angular acceleration to which the projectile is subjected, but also by the effect of the axial acceleration. As these two accelerations are exerted as long as the projectile is moving inside the barrel, the balls 16 cannot come out of the cage 11 until the projectile has left the barrel.
  • the safety device described is specially advantageous for small caliber projectiles, but may be used in projectiles of all calibers, with or without a self-destruction device.
  • a direct action fuse for a projectile having rotary motion about its axis during projection from a gun and during flight comprising a body, a primer fixedly positioned therein, an axially movable firing pin provided with a boss mounted for movement towards the primer and a muzzle safety device for blocking movement of the firing pin toward the primer, said safety device comprising a fixed cage concentrically mounted about the firing pin and having a circumferential wall provided with a slot.
  • the inner surface of said wall being in the form of a spiral ramp extending through an arc of less than 360 and increasing in radius in the direction of rotation of the projectile, an annular recess in said body defined by an inner surface of said body and the outer surface of said wall concentrically disposed radially outward of the boss, said recess being in communication with said ramp through said slot, a stationary stop integralwith said wall projecting into the cage at the trailing edge of said wall where the spiral ramp is of smallest radius, said stop forming one .wall of the slot and the leading end of the ramp forming the other wall of the slot, said slot being of a size to complete an arc of 360 with the ramp, a number of balls being provided to fill said cage and being positioned about the pin and serving to engage the boss on the pin to prevent movement of the pin toward the primer, the slope of said ramp being such that when the fuse is subjected to acceleration while traveling through a gun barrel, the inertia of the balls will cause them to bear against the stop, the inerti

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US210861A 1950-05-20 1951-02-14 Fuses for projectiles Expired - Lifetime US2750889A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH688357X 1950-05-20

Publications (1)

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US2750889A true US2750889A (en) 1956-06-19

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ID=4529041

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US210861A Expired - Lifetime US2750889A (en) 1950-05-20 1951-02-14 Fuses for projectiles

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US2750889A (xx)
BE (1) BE503034A (xx)
DE (1) DE888066C (xx)
FR (1) FR1049315A (xx)
GB (1) GB688357A (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3075465A (en) * 1957-07-23 1963-01-29 Magnavox Co Centrifugal fuze
US3585935A (en) * 1967-06-09 1971-06-22 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Percussion fuse
US3954061A (en) * 1973-06-13 1976-05-04 Diehl Safety device on electric projectile fuses
US3994230A (en) * 1974-09-02 1976-11-30 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Self-destruction type nose impact fuze for spinning projectiles
US4014265A (en) * 1964-10-05 1977-03-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Vehicle incapacitator
CN110595303A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2019-12-20 南京理工大学 一种基于固定技术实现引信自失效的装置及方法
CN110736397A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2020-01-31 南京理工大学 一种粘接实现引信自失效的方法和装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL225272A (xx) * 1957-02-26
GB923561A (en) * 1958-10-20 1963-04-10 Valerca Ets Improvements in and relating to a device for rendering the fuze of a spinning missile safe during flight

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE174829C (xx) *
DE174757C (xx) *
AT77566B (de) * 1911-05-20 1919-08-11 Eduard Bazika Aufschlagzünder.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE174829C (xx) *
DE174757C (xx) *
AT77566B (de) * 1911-05-20 1919-08-11 Eduard Bazika Aufschlagzünder.

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3075465A (en) * 1957-07-23 1963-01-29 Magnavox Co Centrifugal fuze
US4014265A (en) * 1964-10-05 1977-03-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Vehicle incapacitator
US3585935A (en) * 1967-06-09 1971-06-22 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Percussion fuse
US3954061A (en) * 1973-06-13 1976-05-04 Diehl Safety device on electric projectile fuses
US3994230A (en) * 1974-09-02 1976-11-30 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Self-destruction type nose impact fuze for spinning projectiles
CN110595303A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2019-12-20 南京理工大学 一种基于固定技术实现引信自失效的装置及方法
CN110736397A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2020-01-31 南京理工大学 一种粘接实现引信自失效的方法和装置
CN110595303B (zh) * 2019-08-05 2022-07-05 南京理工大学 一种基于固定技术实现引信自失效的装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE503034A (xx)
FR1049315A (fr) 1953-12-29
DE888066C (de) 1953-08-27
GB688357A (en) 1953-03-04

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