US2749386A - Telegraph repeaters - Google Patents

Telegraph repeaters Download PDF

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Publication number
US2749386A
US2749386A US332817A US33281753A US2749386A US 2749386 A US2749386 A US 2749386A US 332817 A US332817 A US 332817A US 33281753 A US33281753 A US 33281753A US 2749386 A US2749386 A US 2749386A
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Prior art keywords
tube
milliseconds
gate
time
fired
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Expired - Lifetime
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US332817A
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English (en)
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Wright Esmond Philip Goodwin
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/20—Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
    • H04L25/24—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H04L25/242—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with retiming
    • H04L25/245—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with retiming for start-stop signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/24—Testing correct operation
    • H04L1/248—Distortion measuring systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/12—Compensating for variations in line impedance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/16—Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals non-automatically inverting the direction of transmission

Definitions

  • This invention relates to telegraph repeaters for startstop printing telegraph signal combinations, which employ a non-continuously running time base started into operation by each successive start element.
  • the received combinations are often found to be mutilated due to spurious interference.
  • the interference may cause one of the code elements to be misread by the repeater. If the faulty element is one of the five permutable (i. e. intelligence-carrying) elements, then a single faulty character combination will be passed from the regenerator to the receiving teleprinter. If, on the other hand, the faulty element is the start element beginning a signal combina-- tion, then the regenerator will either start earlier or later than it should with the result that the remaining elements will be liable to be incorrectly regenerated.
  • the present invention provides means at such a regenerator for adjusting the time base so that even if the start transit is displaced in time the remaining elements of the signal combination are correctly examined and re-transmitted. It will be appreciated that in order to correct for an incorrectly timed start element it is necessary to know at what time the start element should have begun to arrive. When transmission is taking place under the control of a manually operated teleprinter keyboard it is not possible to determine this time. If, however, transmission takes place from an automatic transmitter under the control of, say, a perforated tape then it becomes possible to decide when a start element should arrive and whether it has in fact arrived early or will arrive late. The present invention is thus only concerned with transmission systems in which successive signal combinations are emitted by the transmitter at regular, predetermined time intervals.
  • the invention provides a-regenerative repeater for start-stop printing telegraph signal combinations transmitted at regular intervals, comprising a non-continuously running time base for timing the regeneration operation, means for starting said time base into operation on receipt of each successive start element and means for automatically adjusting the time base to eliminate the time displacement resulting from the receipt of a mis-timed start element.
  • an electronic regenerative repeater for start-stop printing telegraph signal combinations transmitted at regular intervals comprising means for examining the elements of a received signal combination, a non-continuously running time base for determining the times at which said examination takes place, means for starting said time base into operation on receipt of each successive start element and means operative when a start element arrives at any other than its expected time for automatically adjusting the time base so as to determine the correct examination times for the remaining elements of the combination following the mistimed start element.
  • start-stop seven-element signal combinations are transmitted under the control of an autotransmitter controlled by, say, a perforated tape.
  • Each combination (including the stop period) is assumed to take the same interval of time namely milliseconds. At the end of this time the start element of the following combination should commence.
  • the invention is applied to the type of cold-cathode tube regenerative repeater which forms the subject of the co-pending application of V. J. Terry- D. S. Ridler-D; A. Weir, filed'March 29, 1949, and bearing Serial Number 84,104.
  • incoming signals are examined by gates G1 and G2 at times determined by examining pulses applied at point P+. These examining pulses have a repetition frequency of five kilocycles per second. Gates G1 and G2 each require two inputs before they can produce an output as denoted by the figure 2 within the gate symbol. A gate of this type is disclosed in the specification of British Patent Number 636,700 and its operation is there fully explained;
  • marking potential is present on the line so that positive pulses are passed through gate G1 on to lead M.
  • gate G3 passes to a gate G4 which is arranged to provide an output for either one of two inputs.
  • a gate of this type is disclosed in the specification of my United States Patent Number 2,653,996, granted September 29, 1953.
  • a pulse is passed to the start tube ST of a two-condition device such as a pair of'trigger tubes represented by the block F1 and connected in well known manner whereby the conduction of either tube effects the extinction of its partner.
  • a two-condition device such as a pair of'trigger tubes represented by the block F1 and connected in well known manner whereby the conduction of either tube effects the extinction of its partner.
  • the stop tube SP is fired so that the pulse from gate G4 changes over the condition of F1 by firing the start tube.
  • the firing of the start tube of F1 causes a potential to be applied to one input of a two-input gate G5.
  • the other input to gate G5 comes from a 5 kilocyles-per-sec- 0nd negative pulse source P synchronised with the source of positive pulses P+.
  • gate G5 is .ener-- gised from the start tube of F1
  • these negative pulses are passed to a time scale circuit comprising three multi-gap gas-filled discharge tubes shown as blocks C1, C2 and C3 and two further gasfilled trigger tubes shown as gating devices G6 and G7.
  • the time scale circuit is connected and designed to operate in substantially the same manner as that shown and described in said copending'application Serial Number 84,104.
  • C1 is arranged to count all the a as pulses, C2 to count every tenth pulse and C3 to count every hundredth pulse.
  • a discharge will be present across a particular gap in each tube which gap will depend upon the number of pulses counted and hence upon the time that has elapsed.
  • the time scale circuit was always reset to the condition in which the first gap in each tube was fired.
  • the time scale circuit Since the time scale circuit is normally started from a condition representingten milliseconds, the condition representing twenty milliseconds (signified by time T20) is normally attained after only ten milliseconds.
  • the time scale circuit is started from the 10 millisecond position by arranging that the above mentioned gaps CLO, C25 and C3.0 are initially fired when counting of pulses commences.
  • the incoming signal elements are examined at their respective centres.
  • the examination timesfor a normal re peater are 10 millisecondsfor the start element, 30, S0, 70, 9G and 110 milliseconds for the fivepermutable elements and 130 milliseconds for the stop period. Since in the present embodiment the time scale circuit is normally started from the ten milliseconds position, the corresponding examination times are 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 milliseconds respectively.
  • the examination of the incoming signal elements is performed by gates G8 and G9 connected respectively in the mark lead M and the space lead S.
  • the start element (whichwill vbe assumed to have arrived unmutilated) is examinedat its centre and gate G9 passes a pulseforwardto the space;
  • the five permutable elements of the signal combination are examined by gates G8 and G9 and the output two-condition device F4 is conditioned to pass the appropriate marking or spacing po tentials to the outgoing line.
  • the stop signal is examined on the line M by gate GS and the mark tube MO of the device F4 is fired (if not already fired) to pass the stop signal to the outgoing line.
  • a pulse is applied to tube 1 of a four-condition device F2.
  • Thisdevice comprises, for example, four trigger tubes interconnected in such manner that the firing of any one tube extinguishes any previously fired tube.
  • the tubes could, for example, share a common anode load resistance so that when any one tube is fired the fall in potential on its own anode is communicated to the anode of the previously fired tube.
  • the anode-cathode gap voltage of the latter falls below the maintaining level and the discharge is quenched.
  • tube 9 of device F2 is fired and the potential applied at-140.2 milliseconds causes tube 1 to be fired and tube 0 to be extinguished.
  • tube 1 of F2 causes a pulse to pass through a gate G19 to step the discharge in a counting tube C4 from gap 0 to gap 1.
  • the purpose of this counting tube will be explained later.
  • tube 20f F2 is fired and supplies one input to a gate G10 whose other input is supplied when the space lead S is energised.
  • the start element of the succeeding combination should arrive. Assuming this arrives correctly, the first pulse on lead S is passed through gate G10 and a gate G11 to fire the stop tube SP of the two condition-device F1.
  • a transient voltage pulse (produced, for example, by induction) is passed to a gate G12 whose other input is supplied from tube 2 of F2 which was fired at 140.8 milliseconds.
  • G12 passes a resetting pulse directly to gap 5 of counting tube C2 and (via gates G13 and G14 respectively) to gap 90f tubes C1 andC S.
  • the time scale circuit is restored to its initial condition representing a time of ten milliseconds.
  • the resetting pulse passed via gate G14 also restores the counting tube C4 to its initial condition with gap (lfired. Only when this gap is fired can gate G3 have any effect.
  • the next pulse onthe space lead S (0.2 millisecond later) causes gates G3 and G4 to open and fire the start tubeST of device F1 and the foregoing chain of events is repeated.
  • Gate G15 conducts on thefirst of-these pulses and fires the stop tube SF of device F1.
  • atransient voltage pulse is passed to a gateGlG whose other input is supplied when (as at this stage) tube 1 ofdeviceFZ is-fired.
  • Gate-G16 opens to pass a resetting-pulse to reset the time. scale circuit into a condition .in-which the firstgap 0. in-each tube isconducting. This resetting of tube CZisaccomplished by means of the gateG17; At the same time, counter C4 is restored to its initial condition i hsan. Med.
  • gate G3 opens since it is receiving simultaneous inputs from gap 0 of C4 and from the space lead S still carrying the premature start element.
  • a pulse is passed through gate G4 to fire the start tube ST of F1 thus restarting the time scale circuit. Since this occurs immediately after 140.2 milliseconds (really 130.2 milliseconds) the time scale circuit is restarted some ten milliseconds earlier than before. However, since it was reset this time to zero and not to ten milliseconds the premature arrival of a start element is compensated for and the timing of the examination periods relative to the true time of arrival of the signal elements is substantially the same as before i. e. at the centres of the signal elements.
  • a stop signal is forcibly inserted at 140.2 milliseconds whether or not a marking potential is present at the time.
  • tube 2 of the device F2 is fired and the condition of the space lead is again examined, this time by gate G10 but if no start element has been received no action results.
  • tube 3 of device F2 is fired and the discharge in counting tube C4 steps to gap 2.
  • tube 3 of F2 causes a pulse to pass through gate G11 to fire the stop tube SP of device F1.
  • a pulse is passed to a gate G18 which receives a second input from tube 3 of F2.
  • G18 provides an output to reset the time scale circuit into a condition in which the gaps fired are 01.0, C20 and C31. This represents a time of twenty milliseconds.
  • Gate G21 provides an output which passes through gate G4 to fire the start tube ST of the device F1. This, in turn, restarts the time scale circuit.
  • the restarting of the time scale circuit takes place at approximately 160 milliseconds i. e. ten milliseconds later than the time when it is normally restarted.
  • the starting condition of the time scale circuit has been advanced by ten milliseconds to compensate for the failure or late arrival of the start element the timing of the examination periods is substantially the same as before i. e. at the centres of the signals elements.
  • start element completely fails to arrive it is forcibly inserted at 20.2 milliseconds as has already been explained. It will be apparent that since the device assumes a start element when it has not in fact been received,
  • a two-condition device F3 At T18 the long space tube LS is fired but the first mark element thereafter acts via a gate G20 to fire the mark tube M of F3 and extinguish tube LS.
  • a gate having an inhibiting input (such as G3) is disclosed in the specification of the copending application of A. D. Odell, filed June 25, 1953, and bearing Serial Number 363,542, now Patent No. 2,688,695.
  • An electronic regenerative repeater for start-stop printing telegraph signal combinations transmitted at regular intervals comprising means for examining the elements of a received signal combination, a non-continuously running time base for determining the times at which said examination takes place, means for starting said time base into operation on receipt of each successive start element and means operative when a start element arrives at any other than its expected time for automatically adjusting the time base so as to determine the correct examination times for the remaining elements of the combination following the mis-timed start element.
  • a regenerative repeater as claimed in claim 1 in which said time base comprises a continuously operating source of pulses and means normally operative on receipt of the start element of a signal combination to cause pulses from said source to be applied to a counting chain and in which the means for adjusting the time base comprises means for varying the stage of the counting chain at which counting begins.
  • a regenerative repeater as claimed in claim 2 comprising a multi-condition trigger device, means for actuating said device from its initial condition into a plurality of successive operating conditions, a plurality of examining devices each operable under control of said trigger device in a respective'operating condition to examine the incoming telegraph circuit for the presence of a start element arriving at different times and means operable when a start element is detected by one of said examining devices for causing pulses from said source to be applied to an appropriate stage of said counting chain to start the next cycle.
  • a regenerative repeater as claimed in claim 1 comprising means operable if a start element has not been received at the end of a predetermined period after a previous signal combination for automatically simulating the efiect of a start element by starting said time base.
  • a regenerative repeater as claimed in claim 4 comprising a counting device, means for advancing the countingdevice each time a start element is automatically inserted and means operable after a predetermined number of consecutive steps have been taken by said counting device to prevent the automatic insertion of any further start elements.
  • a regenerative repeater as claimed in claim 2 in which said counting chain comprises a plurality of coldcat-hode electric discharge gaps connected for sequential firing by successive pulses from said source.
  • a regenerative repeater for telegraph signals each consisting of the same number of'elementsindicated by one or other of two conditions, a source ofregularly repeated pulses at said receiver, a time scale circuit for counting said regularly repeated pulses, means controlled by said time scale circuit for controlling the operations of said regenerative repeater, means for restoring said time scale circuit to an initial position during each cycle of duration equal to that of a telegraph signal, and means controlled by the received signals to alter the movement of said time scale circuit to compensate for apparent errors in times of arrival of the elements constituting a signal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
US332817A 1952-02-08 1953-01-23 Telegraph repeaters Expired - Lifetime US2749386A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3381/52A GB721838A (en) 1952-02-08 1952-02-08 Improvements in or relating to telegraph repeaters

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US2749386A true US2749386A (en) 1956-06-05

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US332817A Expired - Lifetime US2749386A (en) 1952-02-08 1953-01-23 Telegraph repeaters

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US (1) US2749386A (en))
AU (1) AU162841B1 (en))
CH (1) CH318083A (en))
GB (1) GB721838A (en))
NL (2) NL175255B (en))

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898403A (en) * 1956-02-21 1959-08-04 Monroe Calculating Machine Distributor
US2974197A (en) * 1953-12-10 1961-03-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Synchronizing arrangement for a regenerative telegraphic repeater utilizing signal transitions
US3164677A (en) * 1953-04-13 1965-01-05 Gen Dynamies Corp Toll charge computer
US3178511A (en) * 1960-07-19 1965-04-13 Siemens Ag Distortion correction of telegraph symbols
US3271518A (en) * 1960-07-07 1966-09-06 Siemens Ag Distortion correction of teleprinter symbols
US3492423A (en) * 1966-12-22 1970-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Arrangement for tuning a teleprinter to the frequency of the incoming signal

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2373134A (en) * 1942-08-06 1945-04-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signaling system
US2401729A (en) * 1941-12-06 1946-06-11 Alfred N Goldsmith Impulse counting and selecting device
US2454089A (en) * 1942-10-06 1948-11-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Regenerative repeater
US2474490A (en) * 1944-02-10 1949-06-28 Pelle Pierre Start-stop regenerative repeater
US2498695A (en) * 1946-02-19 1950-02-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Telegraph receiver
US2561434A (en) * 1947-01-16 1951-07-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Electronic telegraph repeater
US2599345A (en) * 1949-11-29 1952-06-03 Oberman Roelof Maarten Marie Regenerative repeater

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2401729A (en) * 1941-12-06 1946-06-11 Alfred N Goldsmith Impulse counting and selecting device
US2373134A (en) * 1942-08-06 1945-04-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signaling system
US2454089A (en) * 1942-10-06 1948-11-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Regenerative repeater
US2474490A (en) * 1944-02-10 1949-06-28 Pelle Pierre Start-stop regenerative repeater
US2498695A (en) * 1946-02-19 1950-02-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Telegraph receiver
US2561434A (en) * 1947-01-16 1951-07-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Electronic telegraph repeater
US2599345A (en) * 1949-11-29 1952-06-03 Oberman Roelof Maarten Marie Regenerative repeater

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164677A (en) * 1953-04-13 1965-01-05 Gen Dynamies Corp Toll charge computer
US2974197A (en) * 1953-12-10 1961-03-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Synchronizing arrangement for a regenerative telegraphic repeater utilizing signal transitions
US2898403A (en) * 1956-02-21 1959-08-04 Monroe Calculating Machine Distributor
US3271518A (en) * 1960-07-07 1966-09-06 Siemens Ag Distortion correction of teleprinter symbols
US3178511A (en) * 1960-07-19 1965-04-13 Siemens Ag Distortion correction of telegraph symbols
US3492423A (en) * 1966-12-22 1970-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Arrangement for tuning a teleprinter to the frequency of the incoming signal

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GB721838A (en) 1955-01-12
NL95831C (en))
AU162841B1 (en) 1953-03-12
CH318083A (fr) 1956-12-15
NL175255B (nl)

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