US2743370A - Mass spectrometer - Google Patents

Mass spectrometer Download PDF

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US2743370A
US2743370A US322673A US32267352A US2743370A US 2743370 A US2743370 A US 2743370A US 322673 A US322673 A US 322673A US 32267352 A US32267352 A US 32267352A US 2743370 A US2743370 A US 2743370A
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electrode
ions
electrons
region
mass
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US322673A
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Inventor
Ian H Mclaren
William C Wiley
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Bendix Aviation Corp
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Bendix Aviation Corp
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Priority to US322673A priority patent/US2743370A/en
Priority to GB32585/53A priority patent/GB741588A/en
Priority to DEB28537A priority patent/DE1062455B/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
    • C25D3/24—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc from cyanide baths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/02—Details
    • H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
    • H01J49/14—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers
    • H01J49/147—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers with electrons, e.g. electron impact ionisation, electron attachment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/34—Dynamic spectrometers
    • H01J49/40—Time-of-flight spectrometers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to mass spectrometers and, more particularly, to mass spectrometers for operating in a simple/manner to determine the masses of different ionsv byrmeasuring the time required 4for the ions to travel through a predetermined distance.
  • the invention also relates to methods of determining the masses of different ions.
  • pulses of ions are utilized to determine the masses of the Vdilferent gases or vapors in an unknown mixture and the relative abundance of the gases and vapors in the mixture.
  • the pulses of ions are accelerated by a force for movement through a predetermined distance. Because of this force, the ions of relatively light mass attain a greatervelocity than the ions of heavy mass and travel through the predetermined distance before the ions of heavy mass.
  • the -masses of the ions can be determined.
  • This invention provides a mass spectrometer for producing pulses of ions by ionizing molecules ofl gas at periodic intervals.
  • the mass spectrometer includes vion ⁇ accelerating electrodes which ⁇ have directvvoltages imposed on them to accelerate the ions a moderate amount in a tirst region and a considerable amount in a second region to produce a separation of the ions on the basis of their mass and a collection of the ions at a focal distance from the regions.
  • a relatively stable operation is provided in the mass-spectrometer such that a relatively sharp .delineation between ions of diierent mass is obtained. Since direct voltages are imposed on the ion-accelerating electrodes,.ther eleck trical system forming a part of the mass spectrometer is also'considerably simplied.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a mass spectrometer for determining thev masses of the differenty gases and vapors in an ⁇ unknown mixture byrrieasuring'the times required for ions formed from the gases-to travel through a predetermined distance.
  • Another object is to provide a mass spectrometer of the above .characterl for producing pulseslofl ions and for imposing constant forces on the ions ⁇ to producela separation of the ions on the basis of the masses of the r 2,743,370 Patented Apr. 24, 1956 ICC ions during the movement of the ions through a predeL termined distance.
  • a further object is to provide a mass spectrometer of the abovev character which is more stable inv operation than the time-of-ight mass spectrometers now Ain use.
  • Still another object is to provide a mass spectrometer of the above character requiring the use .of relatively simple electrical components to provide a relatively sharp y delineation between ions of different mass.
  • a still further robject is tov provide amethod of producing 'pulses of ions and of separating the diiferent ions in each pulse on they basis of their mass so as to determine the masses of the ions.
  • Figure l is a somewhat schematic view, partly in block form and partly in perspective, illustrating the mechanical and electrical features which together constitute one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a somewhat schematic view, partly in block form and partly in vertical section, illustrating a modi' tication of the invention for detecting ions of a particu* lar mass.
  • a lament 10 made from a suitable lmaterial such as tungsten is provided.
  • the lament has the shape of fa wedge in a substantially vertical plane asseeny in Figure 1 and has a relatively great width, suchas 2.5 centimeters.
  • a control electrode 12 is disposed ata relatively close distance to the filament ⁇ 10 and isprovided with av horizontal slot 14 aligned with the tip of the lament 10 along the complete width ofthe filament. 1 ⁇
  • An acceleratingelectrode 16 having .a slotf18 corresponding substantially in shape and position tol the slot 14 is positioned in substantially parallel relationship with the electrode 12.
  • the electrode16 isffseparated from the electrode 12 by a relatively small distance, such as 2 millimeters.
  • a collector20 is disposed atA a moderate distance, such as 1 or2 centimeters, from the electroder 16and in substantially parallel relationship to the elec'- trode.
  • The. backing plate 22 is substantially perpendicular tothe' electrode 16-and the collector 20 and is slightly to the rear. of an imaginary line extending from the tip oflthe filament 10 through the-'slots 14 and 18 to the collector 20.
  • a control electrode 24 madesfrom a suitable wire mesh is disposed in substantially parallel relationship to the backingv plate 22 and at a relatively close distance,
  • the elec trode 24 is'slightlyin-front of the imaginary line disclosed above. Slats 26vextend laterally. from the backingplate 22 to the electrode 24 to fform a compartment with the electrode 16 and thefcollector 20. y
  • a vertical slot 28 is provided Ain one of the slats 26 at a position substantiallygaligned with the imaginary line' disclosed above.
  • the slot 28 communicates with a cond uit 30 which extends from a receptacle y32 adapted to hold molecules of the dierent gases or vapors'consti-l electrode 36 is in turn positioned at a relatively great.r
  • the electrode A36 is also madefrom ra suitable Wire lmesh and is positioned in substantially parallel relationship to the electrode 34.
  • a detector is positioned at a moderate distance, such as 3 centimeters, from the electrode.
  • the detector may constitute a collector 3S or electrony multiplier similar to that disclosed onpage. 831 et Radio Engineering" (third edition, 1947)- byV Professorl Fred. erick E. Terman.
  • a time indicator such as anoscilloscope 40, is connected to the collector 3S through: amplifiers 41 to indicate the relative times at which. signals are produced by the, collector.
  • a connection is also made from the output terminal of ay pulse forming, circuit 42 to ana input terminal of the oscilloscope 40@ so that the sweep of the beam in the oscilloscope will be initiated. everyv time that a pulseisproduced by the circuit;4 42;
  • a relatively high positive. voltage such as 275: volts is applied to; the filament through a. resistance 43 from a suitable power supply 44.
  • Positive voltages in the order of 250 volts and 375 volts are ⁇ respectively applied to the electrodes 12 and 16 through suitable resistances 46 and 4S from the power supply 44.
  • a voltage of 375 volts is also applied to the collector througha resistance 50.
  • Positive voltages of 400 and3150 ⁇ volts are applied to the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24 through suitable resistances 52 and ⁇ 54, respectively, from the power supply 42.
  • a positive voltage of approximately 50. volts is applied to the collector 38 through a suitable resistance 56 so that electrons secondarily emitted from the collector by the impingement of ions will be attracted back to the collector,
  • the electrodes 34 and 36. are 4directly grounded.
  • voltage pulses having a relatively short durations such: as4 0.01 microsecond and having a magnitude in the order of F ⁇ -50: volts are applied to the electrode 12.
  • the voltage pulses are applied to the electrode 12 through a coupling capacitance 58 fromy the pulse forming circuit 42.
  • the pulse forming circuit 42 may be similar to that disclosed and claimed in co-pendi-ng application Serial No. 230,905 filed lune llt, l95l byI William C. Wiley.
  • the voltage on the electrode becomes greater than the voltage on the filament 10. This causes the electrons emitted by the filament to be accelerated towards the electrode 12.
  • the electrons movingV past the electrode 12 upon the imposition of a voltage pulse on the electrode are further accelerated in the region betweenthe electrodes 12 and 16. The electrons are accelerated in this region since the electrode 16 is. a-t a higher potential than the electrode 1-2 even during the time that the voltage pulse is applied to the electrode 12.
  • the electrons Because of the accelerations imparted to the electrons in the region between the filament 10l and the electrode 12 and in the region between. the electrodes 12 and 16, the electrons have a considerable energyr as they travel through the region between the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24. After travelling through this region, the electrons impinge on the collector 20aY As the electrons move through the region between the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24, some of them strike molecules of gas introduced into the region from the receptacle 32. Since the electrons have had considerable accelerations imparted to them between thegfilament 10 and the electrode 1'6, they strike the. gas molecules with a suicient force to produce an ionization of the molecules into electrons and positive ions. Most of the ions have a single positive charge but a few of the ions have more than one charge because of a loss of two or more electrons from the gas molecules.
  • the ions After the ions have traveled past the electrode 24, they are subjected to a force which is considerably greater than that imposed on them in the region between the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24. Such, a considerable force is imposed on the ions in the region between the electrodes 24 and 34 because of the difference. of approximately 35.0 volts between, the potentials imposed on the electrodes.
  • the electrodes 34 and 36 are both at substantially ground potentials, no force is exertedv upon the ions in this region. This causes the ions to travel through the region with substantially the same 'velocity as that attained by them as they move past the. electrode 34. After moving past the electrode 36, the ions impinge on the collector 38 and produce signals having strengths dependent (in part) upon the relative abundance of the different gases or vapors in the unknown mixture.
  • the signals produced by the collector 38 are amplied by the amplifiers 41 and are visually displayed ou the oscilloscope 40. By determining the relative times at which the signals appear on the oscilloscope, the masses of the different ions can be determined. The relative abundance of the ions can also be determined from the amplitudes ot the different signals.
  • the mass spectrometer disclosed above has several important advantages. Since the filament 10 has a considerable width, a relatively large number of electrons are accelerated into the region between the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24 during the short period of time that the pulse of voltage is applied to the electrode 12. As a result, a relatively large number ot ions are instantaneously produced by the impingement of the electrons on molecules of gas introduced into the region between the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24.
  • the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24 have restricted lengths, they are not able to produce any material deflection of the electrons passing between them.
  • the action of the plate 22 and the electrode 24 in deflecting the electrons from a straight path is further limited because of the moderate voltage difference between the plate and the electrode.
  • the deection of the electrons from a straight path is also limited because of the intermediate voltage on the electrode 16 and the collector 2i) relative to the voltages on the plate 22 and the electrode 24.
  • the backing plate 22 and the electrodes 24 and 34 are maintained at substantially constant potentials, they impart a relatively stable operation to the spectrometer during the acceleration of the ions in the region between the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24 and in the region between the electrodes, 24 and 34. Because of the stable operation of the mass spectrometer during these periods of ion acceleration, the ions become separated more sharply on the basis of. their mass than in timc-O-flight mass spectrometers operating with voltage pulses which do not maintain a constant amplitude and shape. This relatively sharp delineation between ions of different mass causes ions of adjacent masses to be distinguished from one another over a wide range of values.
  • the imposition of the particular voltages on the backi'ng plate 22 and the Velectrodes 24 and 34 provides a compensation for difierences in the positioning and random maar@ motion, ofthe ions at the instant that the ions are formed.
  • 'Ille-differences in the positioning of the ions are produced because of the finite width of the electron beam.
  • 'Ihe finite width of the electron beam is produced because of the collimating action which is provided on the electrons by the slots 14 and 18. Differences in the random motion of individual ions are caused by the thermal and other energy in the ions.
  • the ions of each mass in a pulse are collected at ay different time from the ions of all other masses in the'pulse because of the separation of the ions on the basis of their mass during their travel towards the collector 38.
  • a pulse of voltage is applied only to the electrode 12.
  • the mass spectrometer disclosed above differs from' other time-'of-tlight mass spectrometers now in Ause. These spectrometers require the vinitial mposition/,of voltage pulses on electrodes controlling the movement of the electrons 'and the'subsequent imposition of voltage pulses on electrodes controlling the movement of the ions.
  • the pulserforming circuitSS shown in block form in Figure l can be relatively simple. Since a pulse is applied by the pulse forming 'circuit 42 only to the electrode 12, the period of time required Vfor electrons to travel'into the region between the backing plate 22 and the electrode 24 can be arithmetically approximated. The period' of timerequired for the ions of each mass to travel tothe collector 38 can also be arithmetically approximated.
  • ali-approximation can be made oftherelative time between the ⁇ formation of a voltage pulse by the circuit 42 and the appearance ⁇ on the voscilloscope 40 of a signal produced byions of a particular mass.
  • a system for distinguishing between'ions of a particular mass and all other ions.
  • l 'T he system includes a delay network 80 having an input termi- 'n'al connected'to the output terminal yof the purse forming circuit 42 and having an outputterminal connected to anfinput terminal of an oscilloscope 32.
  • the network ttloperatesv to delay the pulse produced by the -circuit 42 for 'a period of time corresponding to that required 4for the ions of the particular mass to reach the collector 38.
  • the network then introduces the pulse to the oscilloscope 82, which operates to provide anindication only during the time that a pulse is introduced-to it from the network.
  • the oscilloscope 82 provides an indication only as to the presence or absence of ions of a particular 6 mass in eachion pulse.
  • Y when Vthernass spectrometer is utilized withother components to @form a leak detector since an indication by the oscilloscope 82 ofa particular gas, such as helium ⁇ indicates the presence of a leak in the equipment being tested.
  • a mass spectrometer including, means for providing a plurality ofelectrons, means forproviding a rst region with the electron means, means 'for imposing on the electrons in ythe fifrsttregion a force of relatively long duration to prevent the movement of the electrons from the electron providing means, means for imp osing on the electrons ⁇ a pulsating 'force v.of relatively short duration totaccelerate the electrons 'through the region, means for ⁇ providing a second region disposed relative to the first region to form a channel for the passage of electronsgmeans for introducing a plurality of molecules of gas into.
  • the second region for ionization by the electrons passing through the region, means for, imposing on the ions in the second region ya force of substantially constant magnitude to accelerate the ions through the region and torproduce a separation of the ions on the basis of theirV mass,'means for detecting the ions after their travel through a relatively great distance past the second region, and means 'for indicating the relative times at which the ions of different mass are detected.
  • a mass spectrometer including, means for providing a plurality of electrons, means for providing a first region with the electron means, means for imposing on the electrons in the ⁇ first region an electrical field to restrain the movement ofthe electrons from the emitting means, means for imposing'yon the electrons in the first region an lelectrical field of'relatively short duration to accelerate the electrons through the region, means rfor providing a second region in a direction disposed to provide a channel for the passage of electrons through the region,means for introducingla plurality of molecules of gas into the .second regionl for ionization by the electrons, passing vthrough the region, means lfor imposing anelectrical field of substantially constant magnitude on Vthe.
  • ions in the 'second region to produce an acceleration of 4the ions through the regionfand a separation vof the ions on thebasis of their mass, means for detecting the ions-after their travel through afrelatively great dis-V tance past the second region, and means for indicating the relative tirnes'at which the ions of different mass are detected.
  • 31A mass/spectrometer' including, av filament for emitting a plurality of electrons, a control electrode separated from the filament by a rrelatively short distance, means for applying direct voltages on the lame'ntrand the electrode of such magnitude as to produce yan electric field between them for preventing the flow of electrons towards the electrode, means for applying pulses of voltage between the filament and the electrode to produce a flow of electrons past the electrode during the pulses, a collector for receiving the electrons flowing past the electrode, a backing plate disposed between the control electrode and the collector and in substantially the same direction as the-electron flow, anion electrode separated from the backing plate by arelatively short distance and defining with the yplate a region through which the'electrons low, means for introducing into the region between the backing plate and the ion electrode a plurality of gas molecules for ionization by the electrons, means for applying 'direct vvoltages on lthe backing plate and the ion electrode of suchma'gnitude
  • a mass spectrometer including, ⁇ a filament for emitting a plurality of electrons, a rst electrode separated from the iilament by a relatively small distance and having a direct voltage applied to it of less magnitude than that applied to the filament, a second electrode sepa rated from the first electrode by a relatively small distance and having a direct voltage applied to it of greater magnitude than that applied to the lilarnent, means for applying a pulse of voltage'to the first electrode to bring the voltage on the electrode to an intermediate 'magnitude relative to the voltages on ⁇ the filament and second electrode, a collector for receiving the electrons flowing to it upon the application of the voltage pulse on the rst electrode, a backing plate disposed between the second electrode and the collector and having a direct voltage applied to it, an ion electrode separated from the backing plate by a relatively small distance to define 'ith the plate a region through which the electrons flow, means for introducing molecules of gas into the region between the backing plate and the ion electrode for i
  • a mass spectrometer including, a filament for emitting a plurality of electrons, a iirst electrode disposed at a relatively short distance from the filament, means for applying voltages of substantially constant magnitude on the filament and the electrode to restrain the electrons from movement towards the electrode, means for applying pulses of voltage on the electrode relative to the voltage on the iilament to accelerate the electrons towards the electrode, a backing plate disposed in substantially parallel relationship to the direction of electron iiow at a position past the electrode, a secondelectrode disposed in substantially parallel relationship to the backing plate at a relatively short distance from the plate and on the opposite side of the electron flow from the backing plate, means for introducing a plurality of gas molecules into the region between the backing plate and the second electrode for ionization by the electrons, means for applying voltages of substantially constant magnitude on the backing plate and the second electrode to accelerate the ions towards the electrode and to produce a separation of the ions on the basis of their mass, a detcctor disposed to produce signals in
  • a mass spectrometer including, a vfilament for emitting a plurality of electrons, a first electrode disposed at a relatively short distance from the lilament, means for applying voltages of relatively long duration on the filament and the electrode to prevent the movement of the electrons towards the electrode, means for applying pulses of voltage of relatively short duration on the electrode relative to the voltage on the filament to accelerate the electrons towards the electrode, a backing plate, a second electrode disposed at a relatively short distance from the backing plate and in substantially parallel relationship to the backing plate to form a region through which the electrons flow, means for introducing a plurality of molecules of gas, blinko the region between the backing plate and the second electrode for ionization of the molecules by the electrons, means for applying voltages: ofA substantially constant magnitude on the backing plate and the second electrode to accelerate the ions towards the electrode and to produce a separation of the ions on the basis of their mass, means for detecting the ions after their travel through a relatively great distance past the second electrode, and means for indicating
  • a mass spectrometer including, a filament for providing a plurality of electrons, a collector, means for providing an electric field adjacent to the filament for normally restraining the movement of electrons towards the collector, means tor varying the electric field in pulses to produce a movement of the electrons towards the collector, a backing plate, an electrode separated from the plate by a relatively short distance, the backing plate and the electrode being disposed relative to the electron flow to pro vide for the passage of the electrons between the plate and the eleetrode,means for introducing a plurality of molecules of different gas into the region between the backing plate and the electrode for ionization by the electrons, a power supply for applying direct voltages to the backing plate and the electrode of such magnitude as to produce an acceleration of the ions towards the electrode and a sepa ration of the ions on the basis of their mass, a detector located at a relatively great distance past the electrode in the direction of ion travel to produce signals dependent upon the times at which the ions of dilierent mass travel through the distance,
  • a mass spectrometer including, a filament shaped to emit a beam of electrons having a relatively large dimension in a transverse direction, a iirst electrode disposed at a relatively close distance to the lament and in substantially parallel relationship to the filament in the transverse direction of the electron beam, means for applying direct voltages on the lament and the electrode of such magnitude as to restrain the flow of electrons towards the electrode, a pulse forming circuit for applying pulses of voltage on the electrode relative to the voltage on the lament to accelerate the electrons towards the electrode, a backing plate disposed in substantially parallel relationship to the direction of electron travel, a second electrode disposed in substantially parallel relationship to the backing plate at a relatively close distance to the plate and on the far side of the electron flow from the backing plate, means for introducing a plurality of molecules of gas into the region between the backing plate and the second electrode to obtain an ionization of the molecules by the electrons owing through the region, ages on the backing plate and the second electrode of such magnitude as to produce a movement of the a
  • a mass spectrometer including, means for providing a plurality of electrons, means for providing a rst region, means for normally preventingr a movement of the electrons through the region, means for introducing a plurality of molecules into the rst region, means for imparting an instantaneous pulse of energy to the electrons to produce a movement of the electrons through the region for ionization of different molecules introduced into the region, means for providing a substantially constant electrical eld in the iirst region for a movement of the ions through the region and a separation of the ions on the basis of their mass, means for detecting the ions after their travel through a particular distance past the first region in accordance with the time required for the ions to travel through the distance, and means for indicating the relative times at which the ions of dierent mass are detected.
  • a mass spectrometer including, a filament for emitmeans for applying direct voltt ting a plurality of electrons, a rst electrode disposed at a particular distance from the filament, an electrical circuit for applying a voltage on the electrode relative to the voltage on the filament to prevent the movement of electrons past the electrode, an electrical circuit for applying an instantaneous pulse of voltage on the electrode relative to the voltage on the filament to produce a movement of the electrons past the electrode, a backing plate disposed in a direction transverse to the movement of electrons, a second electrode separated from the backing plate by a particular distance to define with the lplate a region through which the electrons flow upon their movement past the first electrode, means for introducing molecules into the region between the backing plate and the second electrode for ionization by the electrons, an electrical circuit for applying a substantially constant voltage difference between the backing plate and the second electrode to produce an electrical field for the movement of the ions towards the electrode and a separation of the ions on the basis of their mass, a detector disposed
  • a mass spectrometer including, a backing plate, a first electrode aligned with the backing plate at a particular distance from the plate, means for introducing a plurality of molecules into the region between the backing plate and the first electrode, means for providing a plurality of electrons, a second electrode disposed in the path of the electron tiow, an electrical circuit for biasing the electrode to prevent the iiow of electrons through the region between the backing plate and the first electrode, an electrical circuit for applying instantaneous pulses of voltage to the second electrode to produce a movement of the electrons through the region between the backing plate and the first electrode for an ionization of molecules introduced into the region, electrical means for producing a substantially constant electrical iield in the region between the backing plate and the first electrode for a movement of the ions through the region and a separation of the ions on the basis of their mass, a detector disposed at a particular distance from the rst electrode to produce signals upon the movement of the ions through the distance, and an indicator for indicating the different
  • a mass spectrometer including, means for providing a first region, means for providing a plurality of electrons, means for imposing a substantially constant force on the electrons to prevent the electrons from moving through the first region, means for introducing a plurality of molecules into the first region, means for imposing a force of a relatively short duration on the electrons to produce a movement of electrons through the first region for ionization of the molecules, means for imposing a substantially constant electrical force in the first region to produce a movement of the ions through the first region and a separation of the ions on the basis of their mass, a detector disposed at a particular distance past the rst region to produce signals upon the movement of the ions through the region, and means for indicating the dilierent signals produced at the detector.
  • VA mass spectrometer including, a filament for emitting a plurality of electrons, a first electrode disposed at a particular distance from the filament, an electrical circuit for normally applying a voltage on the electrode relative to the voltage on the filament to restrain the electrons from movement towards the electrode, a pulse forming circuit for applying pulses of voltage on the electrode relative to the voltage on the filament to provide the electrons with energy for movement past the electrode, a backing plate disposed in substantially parallel relationship to the electrode at a position past the electrode and on one side of the electron flow, a second electrode disposed in substantially parallel relationship to the backing plate at a particular distance from the plate and on the opposite side of the electron ow from the backing plate, means for introducing a plurality of molecules into the region between the backing plate and the second electrode for ionization by the electrons, an electrical circuit for applying between the backing plate and the second electrode a relatively constant voltage diiierence of a polarity to produce a movement of the ions towards the electrode and a separation of the ions on the basis of their
  • a detector disposed at a particular distance past the sec? ond electrode to produce signals in accordance with the time required for the ions of different mass to travel through the particular distance, and an indicator for indicating the detection of the ions of different mass.

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US322673A 1952-11-26 1952-11-26 Mass spectrometer Expired - Lifetime US2743370A (en)

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FR66032D FR66032E (nl) 1952-11-26
US322673A US2743370A (en) 1952-11-26 1952-11-26 Mass spectrometer
GB32585/53A GB741588A (en) 1952-11-26 1953-11-24 Mass spectrometer
DEB28537A DE1062455B (de) 1952-11-26 1953-11-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung aufeinanderfolgender monoenergetischer Ionenschuebe, insbesondere zur Laufzeit-Massenspektrometrie

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US2900548A (en) * 1956-06-06 1959-08-18 Winston H Bostick Plasma generator
US2908837A (en) * 1956-08-22 1959-10-13 Bendix Aviat Corp Anode structure
US2926251A (en) * 1956-07-18 1960-02-23 John S Luce Ion acceleration system
US3212442A (en) * 1962-04-23 1965-10-19 Litton Systems Inc Ion drag pumps
US3247373A (en) * 1962-12-18 1966-04-19 Gca Corp Mass spectrometer leak detector with means for controlling the ion source output
US3622827A (en) * 1969-10-21 1971-11-23 Bendix Corp Matrix assembly for aligning electron multiplier components
US4206383A (en) * 1978-09-11 1980-06-03 California Institute Of Technology Miniature cyclotron resonance ion source using small permanent magnet
CN102881552A (zh) * 2012-09-26 2013-01-16 哈尔滨工业大学 一种电子碰撞电离源
JP2017525095A (ja) * 2014-12-30 2017-08-31 コリア ベーシック サイエンス インスティチュート 飛行時間質量分析計

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US2576601A (en) * 1949-10-06 1951-11-27 Earl E Hays Method of accelerating ions
US2581216A (en) * 1947-10-21 1952-01-01 Vendomatic Machine Corp Vending and dispensing device
US2642535A (en) * 1946-10-18 1953-06-16 Rca Corp Mass spectrometer

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US2370673A (en) * 1939-09-11 1945-03-06 Cons Eng Corp Mass spectrometry
US2470745A (en) * 1945-05-15 1949-05-17 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Mass spectrometer
US2642535A (en) * 1946-10-18 1953-06-16 Rca Corp Mass spectrometer
US2581216A (en) * 1947-10-21 1952-01-01 Vendomatic Machine Corp Vending and dispensing device
US2576601A (en) * 1949-10-06 1951-11-27 Earl E Hays Method of accelerating ions

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2900548A (en) * 1956-06-06 1959-08-18 Winston H Bostick Plasma generator
US2926251A (en) * 1956-07-18 1960-02-23 John S Luce Ion acceleration system
US2908837A (en) * 1956-08-22 1959-10-13 Bendix Aviat Corp Anode structure
US3212442A (en) * 1962-04-23 1965-10-19 Litton Systems Inc Ion drag pumps
US3247373A (en) * 1962-12-18 1966-04-19 Gca Corp Mass spectrometer leak detector with means for controlling the ion source output
US3622827A (en) * 1969-10-21 1971-11-23 Bendix Corp Matrix assembly for aligning electron multiplier components
US4206383A (en) * 1978-09-11 1980-06-03 California Institute Of Technology Miniature cyclotron resonance ion source using small permanent magnet
CN102881552A (zh) * 2012-09-26 2013-01-16 哈尔滨工业大学 一种电子碰撞电离源
CN102881552B (zh) * 2012-09-26 2015-05-20 哈尔滨工业大学 一种电子碰撞电离源
JP2017525095A (ja) * 2014-12-30 2017-08-31 コリア ベーシック サイエンス インスティチュート 飛行時間質量分析計
US10388506B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2019-08-20 Kora Basic Science Institute Time-of-flight mass spectrometer using a cold electron beam as an ionization source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB741588A (en) 1955-12-07
FR66032E (nl)
DE1062455B (de) 1959-07-30

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