US2740110A - Magnetic switching devices - Google Patents

Magnetic switching devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2740110A
US2740110A US355538A US35553853A US2740110A US 2740110 A US2740110 A US 2740110A US 355538 A US355538 A US 355538A US 35553853 A US35553853 A US 35553853A US 2740110 A US2740110 A US 2740110A
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Prior art keywords
torus
switching
units
input
output
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US355538A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cebern B Trimble
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NCR Voyix Corp
National Cash Register Co
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NCR Corp
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Priority to BE528904D priority Critical patent/BE528904A/xx
Priority to NL98706D priority patent/NL98706C/xx
Application filed by NCR Corp filed Critical NCR Corp
Priority to US355538A priority patent/US2740110A/en
Priority to GB11979/54A priority patent/GB753167A/en
Priority to FR1105896D priority patent/FR1105896A/fr
Priority to DEN9171A priority patent/DE954072C/de
Priority to CH336445D priority patent/CH336445A/de
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Publication of US2740110A publication Critical patent/US2740110A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/80—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices
    • H03K17/81—Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945—Proximity switches
    • H03K17/95—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector
    • H03K17/952—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector using inductive coils
    • H03K17/9525—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector using inductive coils controlled by an oscillatory signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/965—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
    • H03K17/97—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using a magnetic movable element

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a magnetic switching or routing device and in particular to a device which uses a selectively-positionable control magnet to control the effectiveness of one or more magnetic switching units to send out an output signal over one or more output paths in response to an input signal applied to the units.
  • switching devices of the type in which a movable wiping contact engages other stationary contacts, have been used to select the output paths over which output signals would be sent, but these switching devices had the drawbacks that there was considerable wear between the moving parts and that it was often difficult to obtain good contact between the wiper and the stationary contacts.
  • control coils are provided for each switching unit to control the saturation of the magnetic circuit and thereby control the effectiveness of input signals to produce output signals, but one of these control coils had to be provided for each unit, and suitable power supplies and controls for selective energization of the coils were required, all of which added to the complexity of the devices. Further, the switching units utilizing control coils to control their effectiveness had the additional disadvantage that unwanted switching transients would appear in the output each time the control coil changed the effectiveness of the switching unit.
  • the novel magnetic switching or routing device overcomes these defects of the switching devices of the past and enables selective switching to be obtained with a simple apparatus and wi hout undue wear on the apparatus or unwanted switching transient signals.
  • the novel switching device contains one or more stationary magnetic switching units, each of which includes an input coil and an output coil which are coupled by a magnetic circuit to produce an output signal for each input signal and contains a single control magnet which can be moved relatively to the switching units to control the saturation of the magnetic coupling circuits of desired ones of the units to prevent the input signals from being effective to cause output signals from these units.
  • the control magnet which is moved relatively to the switching units, need not actually engage the several units but can be effective to exert its control across a small air gap; consequently there will be no wear of the parts when the control magnet is moved relatively to the switching units, nor will there be any problem of making proper contact between the moving parts, as in the prior switches using relatively-movable contacts.
  • the input and output coils for each magnetic switching units are so mounted on the magnetic coupling circuit that magnetism induced in the magnetic circuit by the input signals applied to the input coil will cause corresponding output signals to be generated in the ouput coil, but the effects on the input and output coils due to changes in magnetism induced in the magnetic circuit by the control magnet in rendering the switching unit effective or ineffective will cause no spurious signals to be sent from the input and output coils. Accordingly, unwanted switching transients are eliminated from the novel switching device without necessity for any means or apparatus in addition to that required for the normal operation of the switching device.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a switching device having one or more magnetic switching units and a positionable magnet external to the units and capable of movement relative to the units to control thier effectiveness to produce output signals in response to input signals applied to the units.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a switching or routing device which is capable of very rapid operation and in which switching is effected by selectively controlling the saturation of magnetic circuits of switching units by an external magnet without causing spurious signals as the control is effected.
  • Fig. 1 is a view of a switching device showing a single switching unit and a duplex switching unit associated with a control magnet.
  • Fig. 2 is a view of a switching device showing a plurality of switching units and a control magnet which can be positioned to select which of the switching units will be effective.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one of the switching units and the control magnet of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a section through the control magnet of Fig. 3 and shows in particular the construction of this form of magnet.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic showing of one application of the novel switch in which signals read from a magnetic storage drum are selectively routed to proper destinations.
  • Fig. 6 shows a means for setting the switching device of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 7 shows a modification of the switching device to provide for controls by a linearly-moved channel-shaped control magnet.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further modification of the control magnet arrangement for controlling the effectiveness of the switching units.
  • the switching units will be considered first.
  • the single switching unit shown at the bottom of Fig. 1 and in Figs. 2 and 3, has a magnetic circuit which includes a torus or ring portion 20 and a pair of connecting portions 21 and 22 extending from diametrically opposite points on the torus to points adjacent two pole pieces 23 and 24 with half its turns on either side of the connecting porarsenic tion 21.
  • the torus which contains no air gaps, provides an extremely efiicient magnetic coupling between the input and output coils and enables steep output signals to be obtained in response to input signals.
  • Any desired number of switching units may be associated with a single control magnet to be controlled thereby.
  • control magnet 25 shown in Figs. 1 to 6 consists of two pole pieces 23 and 24 connected by a cylindrical permanent magnet 28, which is made of Alnico I or other magnetic material capable of producing a strong permanent magnet.
  • the magnet 23 is so arranged with respect to the pole pieces as to provide a strong north pole at one pole piece and a strong south pole at the other pole piece.
  • the pole pieces, which are disk-shaped, are notched, as at 29, along their periphery, to provide a larger air gap opposite one of the switching units than that provided opposite the others.
  • the control magnet 25 will be effective on those switching units whose connecting portions 21 and 22 are separated therefrom by small air gaps, to. cause sufficient flux in the magnetic circuit including the connecting portions 21 and 22 and the torus 20, to saturate the torus to such a degree that input signals on the input coils 26 cannot produce sufficient change in the fluxin the torus to cause output signals to be generated in the output coils, and these switching units will be rendered ineffective.
  • the switching unit which is opposite the notches 29 in the pole pieces will not have its torus saturated by flux caused by the control magnet because of the large air gaps between the connecting portions 21' and 22 of its magnetic circuit and the notched portions of the pole pieces 23 and 24. Since the torus is not saturated by the control magnet, input impulses applied to the input coil can cause sufficient flux changes in the torus to produce output signals in the output coil, and the switching unit will be efiective to switch input signals to the output of this particular unit. Accordingly, the switching units can be rendered efiective selectively by simply moving the control magnet to place the notches in the pole pieces opposite the desired unit.
  • pole pieces 23 and 24- have been shown in Figs. 1 to 4 with notches subtending one switching unit, it is obvious that the notches may subtend more than one unit if it is desired to render more than one unit effective for each position of the control magnet. Also, if desired, more than one notch may be provided in the pole pieces to selectively control the effectiveness of the units in diiferent positions of the control magnet.
  • the switching units are mounted in fixed relation in the switching device, and the control magnet is moved relatively thereto, but it is obvious that, as far as the operation of the device is concerned, the control magnet may be made the stationary part of the device, and the switching units can be moved relatively thereto to control their effectiveness.
  • the flux in the torus 20 may be the result of either of two magnetizing forces; namely, the force derived from the input coil 26 when input signals are applied thereto and the force derived from the control magnet 25 when the connecting portions 21 and 22 are not opposite notches 2% in the pole pieces 23 and 24.
  • the flux path extends from one of the pole pieces, say 24, over the connecting portion 22 to the torus, as indicated by the arrow 1) in Fig. 3; then the path divides, with one half of the flux taking the path over one half the torus, as indicated by the arrow b and the other half of the flux taking the path over the other half of the torus, as indicated by the arrow b and finally the path extends over the other connecting portion 21 to the other pole piece 23.
  • the input coil 26 is wound on the torus with half its turns on either side of the control portion 22, so that the flux path enters the center of the coil and extends through the coil in opposite directions, so that changing of flux in the path under control of the control magnet 25 as the efiectiveness of the switch is changed will cause substantially equal voltages of opposite polarity to be generated in the two halves of the coil, which voltages will balance out, and there will be no resultant transient signals in the input circuit.
  • the input coils for the plurality of switching units are connected in series and to a signal source, shown conventionally at 30, which applies input signals to all the units at the same time. Gutput signals, however, will be available only from that switching unit which is opposite the notched portion of the control magnet 25.
  • the invention is not limited to this form of input, however, because the input coils also may be individually connected to independent signal sources, may be connected in parallel and to a signal source, and may be connected in series-parallel combinations to a signal source, depending on the type of source of input signals which is available or the use to which the switching device is to be put.
  • duplex switching unit shown at the top of Fig. l operates in substantially the same manner as the single switching unit just described and may be used in place of the single switching unit when two separate outputs in. response to two inputs are required in any position of the control magnet.
  • This type of unit includes a torus 31 with its input coil 32 and output coil 33 and a second torus 34 with its input coil 35 and output coil as.
  • the same input signals may be applied to both input coils of this switching unit, or difierent input signals may be applied to the two coils, as desired.
  • Both tori of the duplex switching unit are connected in a series magnetic circuit between the pole pieces of the control magnet and are rendered efiective or ineffective together according to the position of the control magnet.
  • This series magnet circuit extends from the pole piece 24, over a connecting portion 40, which engages the torus 31 at a lower point; upward over the two branches of the torus 31; over the connecting portion 41, which engages the torus 31 at a point diametrically opposite where portion engages it, and also engages the torus 34; downward over the two branches of torus 34; and then over connecting portion 42, which engages the torus 34 at a lower point diametrically opposite where portion 41 engages it and extends to the pole piece 23.
  • the tori 31 and 34 will be saturated, rendering the switching unit inefiective when there are short air gaps between the connecting portions 40 and 41 and their related pole pieces 24 and 23, but the tori will not be saturated and the switching unit will be effective when the notches present large air gaps between these connecting portions and their related pole pieces.
  • the novel switching device which is simple in its construction, reliable in operation, and relatively free from wear, is also very versatile in its applications and uses.
  • the switching device is utilized as a routing device to route information read from predetermined portions of a magnetic data storage drum to difierent output channels.
  • the switching device is utilized as a routing device to route information read from predetermined portions of a magnetic data storage drum to difierent output channels.
  • four switching units are used to route information read from four diiferent portions of a magnetic storage drum to four output channels; however, it will be obvious that the number of units and the size of the portions of the storage drum from which data is read can be varied to suit other desired requirements.
  • control magnet is mounted on the same shaft as the magnetic storage drum 51, as indicated by the dot-dash line 52, and is rotated therewith.
  • One quarter of the periphery of each of the pole pieces of the control magnet 50 is recessed, as at 53, to provide the larger air gaps whereby the four switching units can be rendered effective one after another in sequence, each for one quarter of a revolution of the control magnet.
  • Signals stored magnetically on the drum 51 will be read by a pick-up head 54 and applied over an amplifier 55 to the input coils 56 of the four switching units I, II, III, and IV in parallel.
  • control magnet 50 may be rotated at a relatively high rate of speed, it is desirable that balance plates 57 of non-magnetic material be secured to the control magnet adjacent the recesses 53 to provide dynamic balance to the control magnet.
  • the novel switching device with its simple control magnet which has no external control connections and which merely by its position relative to a plurality of switching units and without actually contacting them can control their effectiveness to pass signals, is eminently suited to high-speed dynamic switching for routing signals to desired output channels without any undue wear on the switching device.
  • the switching device is shown as being of the type in which the control magnet is settable to any one of a plurality of control positions to selectively render one of a plurality of switching units effective.
  • the switching device which is shown in Fig. 6 is substantially the same as the one shown in Fig. 2 but has a gear 60, secured to the control magnet 61, which is rotatable about a shaft 62 to place the notch 63 opposite the desired switching unit, as 64, to render it elfective.
  • the control magnet 6i can be rotated to any desired position by means of a rack 65, which meshes with the gear 60 and is given different extents of movement to position the notch 63 opposite the switching unit to be rendered effective.
  • input signals on the input coil 66 of the selected unit will cause output signals to be generated in the output coil 67 and sent out over the selected output channel.
  • the entire control magnet 61 can be positioned by the rack and the gear 60 to move both pole pieces together to bring the notches 63 therein opposite one of the switching units to render the entire unit effective.
  • the control of the switching device of Fig. 6 can be made more flexible to enable the control of the switching units to be effected from two sources.
  • the pole pieces may be made relatively movable to their magnet and independently adjustable relatively to the switching units. Suitable means can adjust one of the pole pieces to position the notch therein opposite a predetermined one of the switching units according to one of the controls, and other means can adjust the other of the pole pieces to position the notch therein opposite a predetermined one of the switching units according to the other of the controls.
  • Each of the units which had a notch positioned opposite thereto would not, because of the large air gap at the notch, have its torus saturated and would be eflective to generate output voltages in response to input signals.
  • the effectiveness of the switching units can be controlled from two independent controls exerted on the pole pieces of the control magnet.
  • FIG. 7 A modified form of the novel switching device is shown in Fig. 7.
  • a plurality of switching units of the type shown in Figs. 1-6 are used, but the control magnet 69 is in the form of a channel member which is secured to a supporting member 70 and is longitudinally movable therewith relatively to the switching units to control their effectiveness.
  • This control magnet has a base portion and two parallel side portions which forms pole pieces 71 and 72 and present .fnorth..and south"..poles to the connecting portions 73 and 74 of the switching units to control the saturation of the tori of the units.
  • the pole pieces of the control magnets are notched at 75 to provide large air gaps which, when moved opposite a switching.unit, will enable the selected switching unit to generate output signals in its output coil, as 76, in response to input impulses applied to its input coil, as 77.
  • FIG. 8 A further modifiedform of the invention is shown in Fig. 8. Only two switching units have been shown in this figure, but, as in the case of the other modifications, any desired number of switching units may be provided.
  • the switching units are similar to those of the other modifications, each having a torus 8!) of magnetic mate- :rial and two connecting portions,
  • Each switching unit is provided with a permanent magnet 84, which extends diametrically across the torus between the points from which the control portions 81 and 82 extend and which presents a strong north pole at one of these points and a strong south pole at the other of these points and normally saturates the torus so that input signals on an input coil 35 on the torus will be ineffective to cause output signals to be generatedin an output coil 86 on the torus.
  • the controlmagnet 83 is a U-shaped magnet which is mounted on a support 87 for movement relative to the switching units to render them effective selectively.
  • the poles of the control magnet are so oriented that when they are opposite the connecting portions 81 and 82 of a unit they will counteract the efiect of the magnet 84 and .will, prevent the torus from being saturated by the magnet 8.4, thereby enabling input signals on the input coil to produce flux variations in the torus to generate output signals in its related output coil.
  • a magnetic switching device in a magnetic switching device, the combination of a plurality of switching units, each switching unit including an input coil, an output coil, and a magnetic coupling means between the coils for enabling current changes applied to the input coil to cause flux variations in the magnetic coupling means which in turn cause output'voltages to be generated in the output coil; and control means external to the switching units but cooperable therewith for controlling the effectiveness of the switching units by controlling the flux saturation in their magnetic coupling means, said control means including a magnet cooperable with the units and positionable with respect to the units to control whether or not the coupling means will be saturated, said magnet, in each position thereof, enabling the control means to render only a certain one of the switching units effective and the remaining units ineifective, whereby all the units may be controlled simultaneously as to their eiiectiveness or ineffectiveness merely by the positioning of the magnet relative to the units.
  • a switching device the combination of a plurality of magnetic switching units, each unit including an input common to the plurality coil, an output coil, and a magnetic coupling means between the coils to enable input signal current changes in the input coil to cause flux variations in the coupling means which in turn generate output signal voltages in the output coil; and a positionable magnet external to the units for controlling their effectiveness to generate an output signal in response to an input signal, said magnet cooperating with the units and relatively movable thereto to control the flux saturation of their magnetic coupling means, each coupling means, when saturated by the magnet, rendering the switching unit ineffective by preventing flux variations in the coupling means in response to input signals and thereby preventing output signals from being generated in the output coil; and said magnet, in each position thereof, cooperating with all the units and operable to saturate the coupling means of predetermined ones of the units, whereby all the units may be controlled simultaneously as to their effectiveness merely by positioning the external magnet relatively thereto.
  • a switching device the combination of a plurality of switching units, each unit including an input coil and an output coil and a magnetic circuit coupling the coils and enabling current changes in input signals on the input coil to cause variations in the flux of the circuit, which variations generate output signals in the output coil; 21 control magnet common to the plurality of units and selectively cooperable therewith to saturate the magnetic circuits of certain of the units to render them ineffective by preventing input signals from causing further flux changes in these units and thereby preventing output signals from being generated therein; and means for mounting the control magnet for movement relative to the switching units to control which units will be rendered ineiiective by having their magnetic circuits saturated by the control magnet.
  • a magnetic switching device the combination of a plurality of magnetic switching units and a control magnet external thereto and movable relativelythereto to selectively render the switching units effective, each of said switching units including a torus of magnetic material and connecting portions of magnetic material extending from diametrically opposite points on the torus to points adjacent the control magnet and also including an input coil and an output coil wound on the torus to be coupled magnetically thereby so that flux variations caused in the torus by current variations in the input coil will generate output signals in the output coil; and said control magnet being movable into a position to present a north pole opposite one of said connecting portions of a unit and a south pole opposite the other of said connecting portions of a unit to thereby saturate the torus of the unit to render the switching unit ineffective by preventing current variations in the input coil from causing flux variations in the torus and output signals in the output coil.
  • a switching device the combination of a plurality of switching units, each unit including an input coil and an output coil and a magnetic circuit coupling the coils and enabling current changes in input signals on the input coil to cause variations in the flux of the circuit, which variations generate output signals in the output coil; the several output coils forming output channels over which output signals corresponding to input signals applied to all the units may be selectively routed; means to apply input signals to all the input coils; a control magnet of units and selectively cooperable therewith to saturate the magnetic circuits of certain of the units to render them ineffective by preventing input signals from causing further flux changes in these units and thereby preventing output signals from being generated therein; and means for mounting the control magnet for movement relative to the switching units to control over which output channels signals will be sent by con trolling which of the units will be rendered ineffective by having their magnetic circuits saturated by the control magnet.
  • each switching unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, said torus magnetically coupling the input coil and the output coil so that flux variations in the torus caused by current changes applied to the input coil will generate output voltages in the output coil, and also including connecting portions of magnetic material extending from diametrically opposite points on the torus to a control magnet; a control magnet having two pole pieces, one for presenting a north pole to the switching units and one for presenting a south pole to the switching units and each pole piece having a notch, which notches are alined to cooperate simultaneously with the connecting portions of a unit; means for mounting the magnet relatively to the switching units so that one pole piece will cooperate with one connecting portion of each unit and the other pole piece will cooperate with the other connecting portion of each unit, and so that a small air gap will separate the pole pieces from their related connecting portions in all the units except the one opposite the notches in the pole pieces;
  • a switching device the combination of a plurality of switching units, each unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, an output coil wound on the torus, said torus forming a first magnetic circuit which couples the input and output coils so that flux variations in this circuit caused by current changes in input signals applied to the input coil will generate corresponding output signals in the output coil, and including connecting portions of magnetic material which extend from diametrically opposite portions of said torus, said torus and two connecting portions forming a second magnetic circuit which can be magnetized by a separate magnet to saturate the torus to prevent the input signals from causing variations in the flux in the torus, thereby rendering the switching unit ineffective to pass signals; a separate magnet mounted adjacent the switching units for movement relative to the switching units, and having pole pieces of opposite polarity for cooperating with the connecting portions of the units to control the flux in the second magnetic circuits of the several units, said pole pieces having alined notches which cooperate simultaneously with the connecting portions of a switching unit, and said pole pieces
  • a switching device for routing input signals selectively to any desired one of a plurality of output chan nels, the combination of a plurality of switching units, each unit including a torus or magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, said torus forming a first magnetic circuit which couples the input and output coils so that flux variations in this circuit caused by current changes in input signals applied to the input coil will generate corresponding output signals in the output coil, and including connecting portions of magnetic material which extend from diametrically opposite portions of said torus, said torus and two connecting portions forming a second magnetic circuit which can be magnetized by a separate magnet to saturate the torus to prevent the input signals from causing variations in the flux in the torus, thereby rendering the switching unit ineffective to pass signals; the several output coils forming output channels over which output signals corresponding to input signals applied to all the input coils may be selectively routed by controlling the effectiveness of the units; means to apply input signals to the input coils of the units; a
  • a switching device the combination of a plurality of switching units, each unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, said torus forming a first magnetic circuit which couples the input and output coils so that flux variations in this circuit caused by current changes in input signals applied to the input coil will generate corresponding output signals in the output coil, and including connecting portions of magnetic material which extend from diametrically opposite portions of said torus, said netic circuit which can be magnetized by a separate magnet to saturate the torus to prevent the input signals from causing variations in the flux in the torus, thereby rendering the switching unit ineffective to pass signals; each of the input coils being wound with half its turns on either side of one of the connecting portions of its related unit and each of the output coils being wound with half its turns on either side of the other of the connecting portions of its related unit; a separate magnet mounted adjacent the switching units for movement relative to the switching units and having pole pieces of opposite polarity for cooperating with the connecting portions of
  • each switching unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, and including a pair of connecting portions of magnetic material extending from diametrically opposite points on the torus and a magnet cooperating with the toms and extending diametrically across the torus with its poles adjacent the points from which the connecting portions extend, said torus magnetically coupling the input coil and the output coil so that flux variations produced in the torus by input signals will cause output signals to be generated in the output coil, and the magnet serving to saturate the torus to normally render the switching unit ineffective by preventing input signals from causing variations in the fiux in the torus; and a control magnet external to the units and movable relatively to the units into cooperation with the connecting portions of any one of the units to control the effectiveness of the unit, said control magnet having its poles oriented to buck the poles of the magnets in the units and, when in cooperation with the connecting portions of
  • each switching unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, said torus magnetically coupling the input coil and the output coil so that flux variations in the torus caused by current changes applied to the input coil will generate output voltages in the output coil, and also including connecting portions of magnetic material extending from diametrically opposite points on the torus to a control magnet; a control magnet having two pole pieces, one for presenting a north pole to the switching units and one for presenting a south pole to the switching units and each pole piece having a notch; means for mounting the magnet relatively to the switching units so that one pole piece will cooperate with one of the connecting portions of each unit and the other pole piece will cooperate with the other connecting portion of each unit and so that a small air gap willseparate the pole pieces from their related connecting portionsin all the units except those portions opposite the notches in the pole pieces; said control magnet being operable to saturate the tori of the
  • a switching unit including an input coil, an output coil, and a magnetic coupling means between the coils for enabling current changes applied to the input'coil' to cause flux variations in'the magnetic coupling means which in turn cause output voltages to be generated in the output coil; and control means external to the switching unit but cooperable therewith for controlling the effectiveness of the switching unit by controlling the flux saturation in the magnetic coupling means, said control means including a magnet positionable with respect to the unit to control whether or not the coupling means will be saturated, said control means, with the magnet in one position, causing no saturation of the coupling means so that current changes in the input coil will be able to cause variation in flux in the coupling means which can cause output voltages to be generated in the output coil and said control means, with the magnet in another position, causing the coupling means to be saturated so that current changes in the input coil will not be able to produce corresponding ilux variations in the coupling means and output voltages will not be generated in response to input current changes, whereby the effectiveness
  • a switching unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, and including connecting portions of magnetic material extending from diametrically opposite points on the torus to a control magnet, said torus magnetically coupling the input and output coils so that flux variations produced in the torus by input signals will cause output signals to be generated in the output coil; and a control magnet cooperating with the connecting portions to control the flux in the torus, said control magnet causing flux saturation in the torus when the unit is to be rendered ineffective but causing no appreciable amount of flux in the torus when the unit is to be efiective.
  • a switching device as claimed in claim 13 in which the input coil is wound on the torus with half its turns on either side of one of the connecting portions and in which the output coil is wound on the torus with half its turns on either side of the other of said connecting portions; whereby signals generated in the two halves of said coils by flux variations, when changing the efiectiveness of the unit, cancel out and no unwanted switching signals will be produced in the coils.
  • control magnet is a permanent magnet having a north pole and a south pole cooperable with the connecting portions respectively; and in which means is provided to mount the magnet for movement relative to the unit to form small air gaps between the poles and their related connecting portions when the torus is to be saturated by the control magnet to render the unit inefiective and to form large air gaps between the poles and their related connecting portions when the torus is not to be saturated by the control magnet and the switching unit is to be efiective.
  • a switching unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, said torus forming a first magnetic circuit which couples the input and output coils so that flux variations in this circuit caused by current changes in input signals applied to the input coil will generate corresponding output signals in the output coil
  • said switching unit including connecting portions of magnetic material which extend from diametrically opposite portions of said torus, said torus and two connecting portions forming a second magnetic circuit which can be magnetized by a control magnet to saturate the-torus to prevent the input signals from causing variations in the flux in the torus, thereby rendering the switching unit inefiective to generate output signals in response to input signals; and a control magnet cooperating with the/connecting portions and operable to control the amount of flux in the second magnetic circuit to control the effectiveness of the switching unit, said control magnet causing sufficient flux in the second magnetic circuit to saturate the torus of the unit .when the unit is to be ineffective but
  • a switching unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, said torus forming a first magnetic circuit which couples the input and output coils so that flux variations in this circuit caused by current changes in input signals applied to the input coil will generate corresponding output signals in the output coil
  • said switching unit including connecting portions of magnetic material which extend from diametrically opposite portions of said torus, said torus and two connecting portions forming a second magnetic circuit which can be magnetized by a separate magnet to saturate the torus to prevent the input signals from causing variations in the flux in the torus, thereby rendering the switching unit ineffective to generate output signals in response to input signals; and a separate magnet movable relatively to the switching unit and having pole pieces of opposite polarity for cooperating with the connecting portions to control the amount of flux in the second magnetic circuit, said pole pieces, when moved adjacent the connecting portions and separated therefrom by small air gaps, causing suflicient flux in the second magnetic circuit to cause
  • a switching unit including a torus of magnetic material and two connecting portions of magnetic material extending from diametrically opposite points on the torus and including an input coil wound on tic torus with half its turns on either side of one of the connecting portions, and an output coil wound on the torus with half its turns on either side of the other connecting portion, said torus forming a first magnetic circuit which couples the input and output coils of the unit so that flux variations in this magnetic circuit caused by current changes in input signals applied to the input coil will generate corresponding output signals in the output coil of the unit, and the torus and the connecting portions of the unit forming a second magnetic circuit which can be magnetized by a control magnet to saturate the torus to prevent input signals from causing variations in the flux in the torus, thereby rendering the switching unit ineffective to generate output signals; and a control magnet cooperating with the connecting portions of the second magnetic circuit to control the flux therein to saturate the torus when the unit is to be ineffective and to leave the torus unsatur
  • a duplex switching unit including two tori of magnetic material, an input coil wound on each torus, and an output coil wound on each torus, each of said tori forming a coupling magnetic circuit which couples its related input and output coils so that flux variations in the coupling circuit caused by current changes in input signals applied to the input coil will generate corresponding output signals in the output coil
  • each switching unit also including a first connecting portion of magnetic material connecting the tori together and a further connecting portion extending from each torus to a point opposite a control magnet, which portions which connect the tori together and also which extend to the control magnet extending from diametrically opposite portions of said tori, said two tori and three connecting portions forming a controlling magnetic circuit in the unit which can be magnetized by the control magnet to saturate the two tori to prevent the input signals on either input coil from causing variations in the flux in its related torus, thereby rendering the switching unit ineffective to generate output signals in response to input signals; and a control magnet cooperating with said further connecting
  • a duplex switching unit including two tori of magnetic material, an input coil wound on each toms, and an output coil wound on each torus, each of said tori forming a coupling magnetic circuit which couples its related input and output coils so that flux variations in the coupling circuit caused by current changes in input signals applied to the input coil will generate corresponding output signals in the output coil, and each switching unit also including a first connecting portion of magnetic material connecting the tori together and a further connecting portion extending from each torus to a point opposite a control magnet which portions which connect the tori together and also which extend to the control magnet extending from diametrically opposite portions of said tori, said two tori and three connecting portions forming a controlling magnetic circuit in the unit which can be magnetized by the control magnet to saturate the two tori to prevent the input signals on either input coil from causing variations in the flux in its related torus, thereby rendering the switching unit ineffective to generate output signals in response to input signals; a permanent magnet external to the unit and cooper
  • a switching unit including a torus of magnetic material, an input coil wound on the torus, and an output coil wound on the torus, and including a pair of connecting portions of magnetic material extending from diametrically opposite points on the torus and a magnet cooperating with the torus and extending diametrically across the torus with its poles adjacent the points from which the connecting portions extend, said torus magnetically coupling the input coil and the output coil so that flux variations produced in the torus by input signals will cause output signals to be generated in the output coil, and the venting saturation vof the torus thereby, rendering the unit effective so that input signals can cause variations in the flux in the torus which will generate output signals.

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  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
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US355538A 1953-05-18 1953-05-18 Magnetic switching devices Expired - Lifetime US2740110A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE528904D BE528904A (en(2012)) 1953-05-18
NL98706D NL98706C (en(2012)) 1953-05-18
US355538A US2740110A (en) 1953-05-18 1953-05-18 Magnetic switching devices
GB11979/54A GB753167A (en) 1953-05-18 1954-04-26 Magnetic switching device
FR1105896D FR1105896A (fr) 1953-05-18 1954-05-14 Dispositif commutateur magnétique
DEN9171A DE954072C (de) 1953-05-18 1954-05-16 Magnetische Schalt- oder Einweisungsvorrichtung fuer Signaluebertragungssysteme
CH336445D CH336445A (de) 1953-05-18 1954-05-17 Magnetischer Kippapparat

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US355538A US2740110A (en) 1953-05-18 1953-05-18 Magnetic switching devices

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US2740110A true US2740110A (en) 1956-03-27

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BE (1) BE528904A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH336445A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE954072C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1105896A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB753167A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL98706C (en(2012))

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858526A (en) * 1955-09-30 1958-10-28 Burroughs Corp Magnetic shift register systems
US2915597A (en) * 1957-07-17 1959-12-01 Ford Motor Co Magnetic head
US2923834A (en) * 1956-12-28 1960-02-02 Gen Electric Magnetic delay element
US2930034A (en) * 1956-11-01 1960-03-22 United Aircraft Corp Contactless switch
US2933721A (en) * 1957-05-22 1960-04-19 Ibm Gated magnetic recording head
US2943307A (en) * 1957-02-19 1960-06-28 Gen Electric Shaft rotation indicator
US2964707A (en) * 1956-07-23 1960-12-13 Industrial Nucleonics Corp Signal distribution system
US2966666A (en) * 1954-04-30 1960-12-27 Electronique & Automatisme Sa Magnetic record and/or playback heads and control arrangement therefor
US2997703A (en) * 1956-08-03 1961-08-22 Clary Corp Keyboard controlled circuitry
US3014988A (en) * 1958-08-18 1961-12-26 Automatic Elect Lab Magnetic saturation control devices
US3020416A (en) * 1960-01-21 1962-02-06 Itt Signal translating device
US3027548A (en) * 1956-12-17 1962-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic coupling arrangements
US3035253A (en) * 1956-04-09 1962-05-15 George C Devol Magnetic storage devices
US3042866A (en) * 1959-08-27 1962-07-03 Avien Inc Means for sampling a plurality of d.c. signals
US3056058A (en) * 1958-03-28 1962-09-25 Printed Motors Inc Electrical rotating machines
US3060412A (en) * 1958-08-18 1962-10-23 Automatic Elect Lab Magnetic saturation control devices
US3060411A (en) * 1959-10-14 1962-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic memory circuits
US3069665A (en) * 1959-12-14 1962-12-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic memory circuits
US3094626A (en) * 1958-12-15 1963-06-18 Int Standard Electric Corp Pulse coding and decoding arrangement
US3110767A (en) * 1957-09-27 1963-11-12 Kenneth A H Smith Magnetic teletypewriter transmittal distributor head
US3112474A (en) * 1958-04-25 1963-11-26 Burroughs Corp Magnetic signal distribution system
US3113300A (en) * 1959-11-12 1963-12-03 Electro Mechanical Res Inc Position sensing apparatus
US3129418A (en) * 1960-08-04 1964-04-14 Teledyne Inc Electronic keyboard
US3140606A (en) * 1960-09-29 1964-07-14 United Aircraft Corp Digital rate of flow transducer
US3163855A (en) * 1959-12-10 1964-12-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic memory circuits
US3170150A (en) * 1960-07-11 1965-02-16 Magnetic Controls Co Mensuration device with electronic detection for remote reading
US3182908A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-05-11 Wahli Ag W Control device
US3192521A (en) * 1961-03-10 1965-06-29 Electro Mechanical Res Inc Shaft encoders
US3197747A (en) * 1960-09-29 1965-07-27 United Aircraft Corp Apertured ferrite device
US3207917A (en) * 1961-03-30 1965-09-21 Danly Mach Specialties Inc Static rotary limit switch
US3230407A (en) * 1962-08-01 1966-01-18 Anelex Corp Electromagnetic transducers
US3258726A (en) * 1966-06-28 Bendable pole pieces for adjustment op iterative networks
US3342070A (en) * 1964-10-01 1967-09-19 Rockwell Mfg Co Fluid meter
US3361878A (en) * 1964-03-11 1968-01-02 Ampex Signal switching system utilizing magnetic switching for rotating head recorders
US3488647A (en) * 1958-06-06 1970-01-06 Ibm Magnetic core switching circuit
US3512141A (en) * 1960-06-13 1970-05-12 Burroughs Corp Manually programmable translator
US4056747A (en) * 1976-01-22 1977-11-01 Chrysler Corporation Speed sensor
US4835431A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-05-30 Lindgren Theodore D Transformer and synchronous machine with stationary field winding
US4853575A (en) * 1984-08-31 1989-08-01 Black & Decker Inc. Tachometer generator

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2988616A (en) * 1958-08-04 1961-06-13 Magnavox Co Switch assembly
US3051806A (en) * 1959-05-18 1962-08-28 Magnavox Co Switch assembly
US3382325A (en) * 1959-08-20 1968-05-07 Iit Res Inst Magnetic transducer system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2021099A (en) * 1932-12-02 1935-11-12 Gerald Alan S Fitz Electric control system
US2342637A (en) * 1941-09-10 1944-02-29 Bendix Aviat Corp Means for reproducing motion
US2427213A (en) * 1945-10-12 1947-09-09 Gen Electric Linear motion transmitter or receiver

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2021099A (en) * 1932-12-02 1935-11-12 Gerald Alan S Fitz Electric control system
US2342637A (en) * 1941-09-10 1944-02-29 Bendix Aviat Corp Means for reproducing motion
US2427213A (en) * 1945-10-12 1947-09-09 Gen Electric Linear motion transmitter or receiver

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3258726A (en) * 1966-06-28 Bendable pole pieces for adjustment op iterative networks
US2966666A (en) * 1954-04-30 1960-12-27 Electronique & Automatisme Sa Magnetic record and/or playback heads and control arrangement therefor
US2858526A (en) * 1955-09-30 1958-10-28 Burroughs Corp Magnetic shift register systems
US3035253A (en) * 1956-04-09 1962-05-15 George C Devol Magnetic storage devices
US2964707A (en) * 1956-07-23 1960-12-13 Industrial Nucleonics Corp Signal distribution system
US2997703A (en) * 1956-08-03 1961-08-22 Clary Corp Keyboard controlled circuitry
US2930034A (en) * 1956-11-01 1960-03-22 United Aircraft Corp Contactless switch
US3027548A (en) * 1956-12-17 1962-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic coupling arrangements
US2923834A (en) * 1956-12-28 1960-02-02 Gen Electric Magnetic delay element
US2943307A (en) * 1957-02-19 1960-06-28 Gen Electric Shaft rotation indicator
US2933721A (en) * 1957-05-22 1960-04-19 Ibm Gated magnetic recording head
US2915597A (en) * 1957-07-17 1959-12-01 Ford Motor Co Magnetic head
US3110767A (en) * 1957-09-27 1963-11-12 Kenneth A H Smith Magnetic teletypewriter transmittal distributor head
US3056058A (en) * 1958-03-28 1962-09-25 Printed Motors Inc Electrical rotating machines
US3112474A (en) * 1958-04-25 1963-11-26 Burroughs Corp Magnetic signal distribution system
US3488647A (en) * 1958-06-06 1970-01-06 Ibm Magnetic core switching circuit
US3014988A (en) * 1958-08-18 1961-12-26 Automatic Elect Lab Magnetic saturation control devices
US3060412A (en) * 1958-08-18 1962-10-23 Automatic Elect Lab Magnetic saturation control devices
US3094626A (en) * 1958-12-15 1963-06-18 Int Standard Electric Corp Pulse coding and decoding arrangement
US3042866A (en) * 1959-08-27 1962-07-03 Avien Inc Means for sampling a plurality of d.c. signals
US3060411A (en) * 1959-10-14 1962-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic memory circuits
US3113300A (en) * 1959-11-12 1963-12-03 Electro Mechanical Res Inc Position sensing apparatus
US3163855A (en) * 1959-12-10 1964-12-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic memory circuits
US3069665A (en) * 1959-12-14 1962-12-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic memory circuits
US3020416A (en) * 1960-01-21 1962-02-06 Itt Signal translating device
US3512141A (en) * 1960-06-13 1970-05-12 Burroughs Corp Manually programmable translator
US3170150A (en) * 1960-07-11 1965-02-16 Magnetic Controls Co Mensuration device with electronic detection for remote reading
US3129418A (en) * 1960-08-04 1964-04-14 Teledyne Inc Electronic keyboard
US3197747A (en) * 1960-09-29 1965-07-27 United Aircraft Corp Apertured ferrite device
US3140606A (en) * 1960-09-29 1964-07-14 United Aircraft Corp Digital rate of flow transducer
US3192521A (en) * 1961-03-10 1965-06-29 Electro Mechanical Res Inc Shaft encoders
US3207917A (en) * 1961-03-30 1965-09-21 Danly Mach Specialties Inc Static rotary limit switch
US3182908A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-05-11 Wahli Ag W Control device
US3230407A (en) * 1962-08-01 1966-01-18 Anelex Corp Electromagnetic transducers
US3361878A (en) * 1964-03-11 1968-01-02 Ampex Signal switching system utilizing magnetic switching for rotating head recorders
US3342070A (en) * 1964-10-01 1967-09-19 Rockwell Mfg Co Fluid meter
US4056747A (en) * 1976-01-22 1977-11-01 Chrysler Corporation Speed sensor
US4853575A (en) * 1984-08-31 1989-08-01 Black & Decker Inc. Tachometer generator
US4835431A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-05-30 Lindgren Theodore D Transformer and synchronous machine with stationary field winding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH336445A (de) 1959-02-28
NL98706C (en(2012))
BE528904A (en(2012))
FR1105896A (fr) 1955-12-08
GB753167A (en) 1956-07-18
DE954072C (de) 1956-12-13

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