Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
  • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2369—Coating or impregnation improves elasticity, bendability, resiliency, flexibility, or shape retention of the fabric
  • Y10T442/2393—Coating or impregnation provides crease-resistance or wash and wear characteristics

Definitions

• the present invention relates to improvements in the treatment of" fibrous materials.
• An object of this invention is to impart stability to and to reduce the tendency to crease of, or to impart a stable cn'nkle or'crease to, fabrics made from materials such as flax,- cotton, hemp, jute, wool, silk, rayon e. g. regenerated fibres from cellulose, proteins, alginates or from cellulose compounds such as acetate rayon, or from syn thetic fibres of the various types known under the trade names nylon, Vinyon, Terylene, Saran, by way of example.
• the invention may be applied to the fibrous material in: the loose state, in the form of rovings or slubbings, yarns,- woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and manufactured garments;-in all cases the treatment may be applied to a single fibrous material or to a mixture of one or more of the fibres indicated above.
• such textile material is treated throughout or in localised areas, either simultaneously .or successively, with a product capable of penetrating and becoming insoluble within the fibre structure and with an artificial resin product of higher molecular weight which does not penetrate the fibre structure but is capable of adhering to it.
• a product capable of penetrating and becoming insoluble within the fibre structure and with an artificial resin product of higher molecular weight which does not penetrate the fibre structure but is capable of adhering to it.
• the material is thereafter crinkled or creased and then treated, for example by heating while in the crinkled or creased condition, to insolubilise the product which has penetrated the fibre structure.
• such textile material is-treated, either simultaneously or successively, with a solution which maybe an aqueous solution of a synthetic resin intermediate condensation product'which is still crystalloidal and with a solution which may be an aqueous solution of a substance which is colloidal and the so treated textile material is thereafter treated to formthe synthetic resins in water-insoluble condition.
• a solution which maybe an aqueous solution of a synthetic resin intermediate condensation product'which is still crystalloidal with a solution which may be an aqueous solution of a substance which is colloidal
• the so treated textile material is thereafter treated to formthe synthetic resins in water-insoluble condition. If thematerial is to be given stable crinkles or creases, then it is crinkled or creased after treatment with the solution or solutions but before or concurrently, with the treatment to form the synthetic resins in water-insoluble condition.
• the substance which is crystalloidal is an amino aldehyde intermediate condensation product of low molecular weight, e. g. a condensate obtained by the treatment of formaldehyde with an amino compound such as urea in aqueous solution for no more than sufficient time to produce a solution of a crystalloidal methylol compound having a viscosity of less than centipoises, when measured at 20 C. in asolution equivalent to 6D urea-formaldehyde condensate to 40 water.
• the substance which is colloidal and is capable of conversion to a synthetic resin is. a far-condensed aminoaldehyde condensation product, e.
• the fibrous material will be treated with the.
• a catalyst which may be an acid, a mixture of acids, a mixture of an acid and a salt, but'preferably in the presence of a. substance which. is. capable of becoming.
• acid or more acid or ofliberating. acid during the treatment, such for instance as ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or aluminium chloride.
• Materials treated according to this invention resist distcrtion and alternatively or concurrently, the treated materials tend to recover. from distortion; there are also manifold subsidiary advantages in thetreated products over .theuntreated materials.
• Oneimportant advantage is the resilience of the treated material as exhibited in the improved resistance to. creasing and therecovery from creasing; at the same time there is a diminished tendency to shrink when Washed.
• Treated materials moreover, can be made resistant to shrinkage (and to swelling) with less resinous condensation product than is necessary for the best crease-resisting? effects.
• advantage may also be taken, of the resiliency of the textile materials and their resistance to. distortion, when so treated, to provide them with crinkles or creases which are stable and resist deformation.
• water-soluble amino-aldehyde condensation products may be madein It has hitherto been found. that wherecrease-resistance is required, it is disadvantageous toproduce materials with surface resinandthe-object of treatment in general has been to form theresin within the actual fibre and evenly distributed throughout it- It, has now been found that superior products may be obtained by the use of a suitable mixture of crystalloidand colloid amino-aldehydecondensation products but consisting mainly of ;the.crystal-loid typeto'the extent of about or evenmore.
• the tensile strength of the treated fabric isgreater and the resistance to abrasion is better; otherv properties also show. an improvement. 7
• the materials treated according to the present invention possess a high degree ofrecovery from creasing inanv atmosphere of .high humidity'and even in theawet state,- this recovery being. much, greater than of crease-resisting;
• a urea-formaldehyde condensation product of low molecular weight and a low viscosity of the order of 5 to 6 centipoises capable of penetrating textile fibres may be prepared according to the methods given, for example, in our British Patent No. 449,243.
• the more complex solution of a urea-formaldehyde condensation product of a relatively high viscosity of the order of 40 centipoises higher molecular weight and in capable of penetrating textile fibres may be prepared according to the methods given, for example, in British Patent No. 517,011.
• a mixture of the two solutions mentioned above was made consisting of 90 parts by volume of the former (crystalloid) and 7.5 parts by volume of the latter (colloid) was diluted to 50% with Water and catalyzed with 1.5% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate estimated on the volume of liquor.
• a plain weave fabric of viscose rayon staple-fibre was impregnated with the solution, centrifuged to remove excess of reagents, and then dried in warm air at a temperature of approximately 40 to 50 C.; during and after the drying process the fabric was subjected to mechanical manipulation so as to break down adhesions between the yarns and between the fibres, and to recover substantially the suppleness of the original cloth.
• the dried fabric was then heated for tree minutes at 145 C. rinsed in soap and water, and dried.
• the aim of the invention is to produce improved products which are still soft and supple, with individual fibres free to move, and with good draping properties.
• the amount of colloidal condensation product in the impregnating solution should not, in general, be more than essential for the efiect desired. A slight excess imparts a stiff finish with the danger that the treated fabric may be brittle.
• the invention is not confined to the use of urea-formaldehyde products, but it also includes the use of condensation products of melamine-formaldehyde; again, it also includes the use of a melamine-formaldehyde product of low molecular weight for the crystalloid product with a urea-formaldehyde product of high molecular weight'for the colloid product, and vice versa.
• the colloid product need not necessarily be of the aminoaldehyde type and it is possible to use compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol (in greater amount than amino-aldehyde) which become fixed at the fibre surface where they form polyvinyl formal with the formaldehyde from the crystalloid product; other colloidal substances capable of reacting with formaldehyde may also be used.
• compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol (in greater amount than amino-aldehyde) which become fixed at the fibre surface where they form polyvinyl formal with the formaldehyde from the crystalloid product; other colloidal substances capable of reacting with formaldehyde may also be used.
• the crystalloid product of low molecu-' lar weight penetrates the fibre, reduces the swelling capacity of the treated material, sta'bilises it, and imparts resilience, whereas the colloid product of high molecular weight remains on, orjust within, the surface of the fibres sealing the fibres and imparting valuable mechanical properties.
• the amount of resin required on the finally treated material for the purposes of the invention is not critical, as distribution is more important than quantity; nevertheless, as a general guide, the improvements in stabilisation, swelling, wet strength and so forth may be obtained with as little as 2 to 5% of resin expressed on the weight of the dry untreated fabric; the full benefits of creaseresistance require rather more and may rangeup to 10 to 15%. With carefully prepared fabrics and repeated impregnations it is possible to obtain soft and supple fabrics with as much as 30 to 50% of resin mainly within the fibre substance.
• the textile material to be treated must be thoroughly absorbent so as to imbibe the crystalloidal part of the mixture of amino-aldehyde condensation products.
• rayon materials it may be advisable to give a preliminary treatment with 6% of NaOI-I solution; with cotton and linen it may be necessary to mercerise the materials to be treatedby the invention in order to obtain the maximum absorptive capacity.
• Some other textile materials such as acetate rayon or nylon, may require swelling in a suitable swelling agent before treatment. If dried the prepared materials need careful drying before impregnation lest the temperature and other conditions of drying should reduce the absorptive capacity.
• fibres which are not swollen by the usual reagents may be swollen in a solvent and transferred by way of a hydroxylic solvent to Water before impregnations in the swollen state.
• inert fillers such as starch, dextrin and china clay, and also materials such as the colloidal dispersions of silicon compounds, all of which can be rendered fast to washing later.
• delustering agents which may be used with rayon such as barium sulphate.
• Pigments may also be bound to the fibre by means of the resin, and indeed the present invention may also find application in pigment printing.
• ammonium salts are used as catalysts, it is possible to incorporate latices of natural and synthetic rubber with the reaction mixture; it is also possible to incorporate reagents such as stearaminopyridinium chloride or octadecyloxymethylpyridinium chloride which impart water repellent properties.
• salts of certain polyvalent metals are used as catalysts, it is possible to add wax emulsions, for example, combined resistance to creasing and spot proofing come from such use of aluminium acetate as catalyst if the impregnated and dried fabric is steamed to produce the basic acetate or the oxide.
• the drying of the impregnated material demands particular care.
• the goods should not be stretched during drying as this not only interferes with the softness of the material but may even produce brittle treated materials by bringing the internal liquor to the surface if undue tension is used.
• the conditions of temperature and humidity within the drying chamber should, if possible, be such that the water vapour is removed from the fibre as vapour, and steps should be taken to ensure that the crystalloidal product does not diffuse towards the surface or the treated fabric after formation of the resin will be brittle.
• the mechanical manipulation of the fabric during and after drying is highly desirable so as to break down the adhesion between fibres and between yarns before resin formation and so produce soft and supple results with the fibres free to move.
• Suitable devices for this purpose are the jigging stenter, the scroll breaker, the button breaker or even a simple doctor blade over which the fabric is flexed. Drying may take place on cylinders heated by steam, gas or electricity, on stenters heated by air which may be moist at the entrance (and here a strong air blast may be used to separate the fibres), or in a chamber with radiant heat, infra-red heat or high frequency radiations.
• the impregnated material may be subjected to mechanical distortion subsequently rendered permanent by formation of resin from the condensation products; hence it is possible to crinkle the loose fibres by compressing a mass of fibres to crinkle rovings and yarns in a goffering machine, to over-twist yarns and then impart reverse twist.
• fabrics for example, it is possible to calender them, to Schreiner them, to emboss them, or to produce glazed effects by friction.
• the impregnated and dried fabric may be heated in different ways.
• catalysts which are weakly acid the time and temperature are of the order of 3 to 5 minutes at 160 to 180 C.; whereas, with stronger acids (or potential acids) the temperature may be reduced to 130 to 150 C.
• Linen fabrics which have been treated with ureaformaldehyde condensation products which penetrate the fibre may be subjected to a further process by treatment with caustic soda as described in our British Patent No. 437,361. It may be frequently desirable to subject linen materials treated by the present invention to a similar process. Materials treated according to the present invention lose less resin during such treatment than materials treated by known processes and the recovery from creasing afterwards is superior; similar remarks apply to crease-resisting cotton and rayon material which have been subjected to further treatment with caustic soda.
• Fabrics treated by the present invention are less easily distorted than untreated materials; both woven and knitted treated fabrics are less liable to fray, and woven fabrics are less liable to slip after treatment.
• the finished fabric had much improved resistance to creasing and good resistance to wear.
• Example 2 100 gms. urea are dissolved in 200 cc. of neutralised 40% formaldehyde solution. This neutral solution is allowed to condense for from 3 to 20 hours at room temperature.
• Example 2 shows similar advantages to the material of Example 1 and can usefully be crimped or pleated before the final heating to 120 C.
• Process for the improvement of a cellulosic textile fabric which comprises impregnating said textile fabric with a mixture of two aqueous solutions, one of said solutions comprising a crystalloidal thermosetting condensation product formed from formaldehyde and urea said crystalloidal condensation product having a viscosity of from about 5 to about 6 centipoises, the other of said solutions comprising a colloidal thermosetting condensation product formed from formaldehyde and urea said colloidal condensation product having a viscosity of at least 20 centipoises, and the quantity of said crystalloidal condensation product being 90 parts to 7.5 parts of said colloidal condensation product, and heating the textile fabric so impregnated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form thermoset resin from both said condensation products, the amount of said condensation products in said textile fabric when so heated being such that said textile fabric after said heating contains from 2% to by weight of resin calculated on the untreated textile fabric.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

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Cited By (8)

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Citations (6)

• 0
  • BE BE506631D patent/BE506631A/xx unknown
• 1950
  • 1950-10-24 GB GB25827/50A patent/GB712098A/en not_active Expired
• 1951
  • 1951-10-23 US US252813A patent/US2739908A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1951-10-24 FR FR1060806D patent/FR1060806A/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

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