US2739627A - Machine for producing wood shavings - Google Patents

Description

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING WOOD SHAVINGS Filed June 24, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet l 23 ATTORNEY IN VN TOR. LUDW/G VOHR/NGER March 27, 1956 L. VOHRINGER 2,739,627

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING WOOD SHAVINGS v Filed June 24, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 wow/a VD'HRINGER March 27, 1956 VOHRINGER 2,739,627

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING WOOD SHAVINGS Filed June 24, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 IN VEN TOR. L UDW/G VOHR/NGER ATTORNEY f Uni States MACHINE non PnonUcmG Woon SHAVINGS Application June 24, 1952, Serial No. 295,299

6 Claims. (Cl. 144-42) The present invention relates to apparatus for the production of wood chips or eXcelsior, and more particularly to apparatus for cutting wood chips or excelsior from logs or billets with cutting and separating knives or blades that are arranged on a disc-shaped rotary, tool carrier.

Apparatus, in which the tool carrier has a rotating cutting motion, has the advantage that the cutting blades only move in the cutting direction and have no reverse movement. Also there is avoided the possibility that the blades may be scratched and damaged by the frictional contact with the wood in the return movement and that thereby the cutting capacity of the blades is prematurely lost.

In known apparatus employing a rotary tool carrier, however, the blades or tools are arranged on the plane side of the disc-type tool carrier. As a result the tools do not wear uniformly.

One object of the present invention is to provide apparatus for the production of wood chips or excelsior with which not only may increased capacity be attained, but through which it is also possible to obtain increased tool life.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine of this type which can operate practically continuously.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of the type described in which the thickness of the wood chips that are to be cut can be adjusted and inwhich this adjustment can be effected, if desired, during operation of the machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine of the character described in which the cutting blades are mounted on the periphery of a rotary head or carrier, and in which they are grouped in pairs spaced from one another around the periphery of the carrier, one blade or tool of each pair removing a slab or chip of the desired thickness from the log or billet and the other blade of each pair cutting that slab or chip into strips of the desired width.

Still another and very important object of this invention is to provide a wood-shaving machine of the character described in which the cutting blades or tools are mounted on a rotary carrier and yet the blades or tools are so moved relative to the work during cutting that the blades or tools cut in a straight line producing a fiat slab or shaving of substantially uniform thickness from end to end.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent hereinafter from the specification and from the recital of the appended claims.

In a machine made according to this invention, the cutting tools comprise planing blades and slitting blades arranged in pairs. Each planing blade has a tip cutting aent edge and is arranged at an angle to a tangent to the periphery of the tool carrier so that its tip cutting edge projects along its whole cutting height beyond the periphery of the tool carrier. Each slitting blade has a plurality of cutting teeth spaced along its height and abuts against the side of the associated planing tool along which the tip cutting edge is formed. The planing blades are adjustable in the directions of their inclination to the tangent. The slitting blades are adjustable toward and from the planing blades.

Preferably the tool carrier is provided on its periphery with three uniformly spaced sets of planing and splitting blades, and these are associated with four carrying devices for the workpieces likewise uniformly arranged about the tool carrier and spaced from one another. In order to obtain a straight line out on the work there is a cam arranged on the drive shaft of the tool carrier which imparts to each of the work carriers a swinging motion through a lever that is associated with the work carrier. Each work carrier has a cam slot that is engaged by a pin. Through this mechanism, the surface of the workpiece, which is to be operated upon, is maintained during cutting in the direction of the tangent to the path of the tool carrier and so the tools take straight line cuts on each workpiece, producing thereby slabs or chip of substantially uniform thickness from end to end.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of apparatus built according to one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of this apparatus;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view showing the control means for the swinging movement of the work carriers;

Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration showing the work carrier in one position;

Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration showing the work carrier in a different position;

Fig. 6 is a section through the tool carrier on the line 66 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a more or less diagrammatic illustration of the one way clutch used to effect feed;

Fig. 8 is a side view of a work carrier;

Fig. 9 is a view of the work carrier taken at right anglesto the view of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the work carrier;

Fig. 11 is a detail vertical section through one of the work carriers;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary horizontal section through the tool carrier on an enlarged scale and showing one set of planing and slitting blades; and

Fig. 13 is a view looking in the direction of the arrow A in Fig. 12.

Referring now to the drawings by numerals of reference, 20 denotes a disc-shaped rotary tool carrier on which three planing or peeling blades 22 and three slitting blades 23 are arranged. The tool carrier 20 is provided with three equi-angularly spaced, approximately circular bores 25 which are parallel to the rotary axis of the tool carrier. The planing blades 22 and the slitting blades 23 are mounted in these bores. Each planing blade 22 has a tip-cutting edge at one side of its tip, and its tip 21 is re- Iieved back of said cutting edge in the direction of rotation of the carrier as clearly shown in Fig. 12. The plan ing blades are adapted to project along the whole heights of their tip cutting edges beyond the periphery of the tool carrier. Each is mounted in the carrier at an angle to a tangent to the periphery of the tool carrier and is adjustable in the direction of its extent, that is, at an angle to the tangent. Forthis purpose, each of the planing blades 22 is removably fastened by screws 26 (Figs. 12 and 13) to a slide 27. Each slide 27 has dove-tailed engagement with a bracket 28 and is mounted for slidable adjustment thereon. Each bracket 28 is fastened by screws 29 to a plane surface 30 that is formed on the wall of the associated bore 25 and that extends inwardly from the periphery of the tool carrier 20. A screw 32 that threads into 6. lug 33, that is formed at the rear of each bracket 28 and thatjis secured to the associated slide 27, serves to adjust each slide 27 on the associated bracket 28, thereby to adjust the extent of projection of the cutting edge of the associated blade 22 beyond'the periphery of the'tool carrier 20. The bores 25 have openings at the periphery 'of'the tool carrier out of which the planing blades 22 project. Gbviouslyit is possible to effect adjustment of the'plan'ing blades in any other conventional manner.

Each slitting blade 23 has a plurality of cutting edges and is generally comb-shaped, having a plurality of cutting teeth 36, as clearly shown in Fig. 13. These teeth have sides that converge toward the tip of the slitting blade and each tooth may be relieved on its sides back of its front'face to provide keen sidecntting edges.

Each slitting blade 23 is secured 'by means of a clampingplate 37 (Fig. 12'), a spacer 38, and screws 39'to a slide 40. Each slide 40 is adjustable by means of a screw 41. "Each screw 41 'is journaled in a lug 42 formed on the corresponding slide 40 and threads into carrierlll.

The planing blades 22 and slitting blades 23 are arranged in spaced pairs around the tool carrier 20; and the slitting 'blade 23 associated with each planing blade 22 is arranged just back of the cutting edge of the associated planing blade 22 substantially perpendicular to the planing blade and with its cutting teeth engaging 'the plane side surface of the planing blade. Each slitting blade 23 is positioned so that its cutting teeth 36 are in position to engage a chip or slab of wood, as it is cut from a log or billet by "the planing tool, to split this slab up into a pluralityof narrow strips suitable, for instance, for excelsior or for cooking in a sulphite bath to produce wood pulp.

The recesses or bores 25 are conical in shape, as clearly shown in Fig. 6, and have their larger ends at their bottoms to expedite the fall therethrough of the wood shavings. The head or carrier 20 is hollow; and between the recesses or bores 25, it is provided with open-ended tubular reinforcing members 45.

About the tool carrier 20 are arranged a plurality of carriers for the work pieces 50. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention the tool carrier 20 is provided about its 'periphery'with three uniformly-spaced sets of planing and slitting blades, and there are four work carriers .51 for the workpieces 5i) likewise uniformly spaced about the peripheryofth'e tool carrier. Each carrier comprises a supporting column 52, an oscillatable table 57 which is swingable thereon, and a slide 53 which is slidable on the table transversely of the table axis. Each slide 53 Slides on ways 58 provided on top of the table, and has a tail portion '54 (Figs. 4 and 5) which is provided with an arcuate slot that is eccentric of the axis of swing of the table. A fixed pin 56, that is secured in an extension 59 of the associated column 52, engages in this slot to control the swingingmotion of the work carrier.

As is illustrated in Fig. 3,'thcre is arranged on the drive shaftfl) ofthe tool carrier 20 a cam 61 which imparts to to thework tables 57 swinging motions about the axes of the shafts "'62. There is a bell-crank lever 64 associated with'each carrier. Each lcver'64 is pivotally mounted on ashaft 65 that is fixed against rotation with the tool car rier '20. Each bell-crank lever 64 is connected by links and 67 with one of the shafts 62 to oscillate that shaft asthecamfitl revolves. Through'the cam 61,'linkages 614, 66,'67,slots 55and'pins 56 (Figs. 4, '5 and '10.) each workpiece '50 ismaintained during cutting in the direction of a tangent to the cutting path of the cutting tool 22 so that straight sided slabs or chips of uniform thickness are cut from thelogs-or billets.

The continuous control of the swinging motion of the blanks provided by the arcuate slots 55 and pins 56 is necessary in order to obtain a straight line cut at the work pieces 50. This kind of cut might be obtained if the circular path, which the blank describes, had the same radius as the tool carrier 20. In such case, however, it would be necessary to displace the rotary axes 62 of the work tables far outwardly of axis 60. On this account it is preferable to control the-swinging motion of the blank constrainedly through arcuate slots 55 and pins 56.

Each of the workpieces itself is held by a yoke which consists essentially of two knurled rollers 70 and 71 which are adjustable toward or'from one another by amanually adjustable screw shaft 72 (Figs. 8 and 10). One of the rollers, the roller 71 of .each set, is mountedon .a head stock member 75 that is slidable on the associated slide 53. Each screw shaft 72 threads into this head stock member, being journaled in a lug 76 that is integral with the associated slide 53. Ahandwheel 77 is provided on each shaft 72 to permit of manual adjustment of each head stock member 75 and associated roller 71 toward and from associated roller'70.

As is illustrated in Fig. 11 each head stock member has a rack 80 secured to it with which there meshes a pinion 81. This permits of quick movement of head stock member 75 toward and from operative position. Each pinion 81.1'sactuated by afoot lever 82 (Figs. 8 and 9) which is pivoted on the corresponding column '52. Each lever 82 is connected by a rod 84 and link 85 (Fig. '11) with a shaft 86 with which one of the pinions '81 is integral. 'By depressing a'foot lever 82, then, the associated head stock member 75 togetherwith the associated knurled roller '71 can be separated from the other roller 70 o'fa set to permit removal of a log or billet from a work carrier or positioning of a log or billet therein. The separatin'g movement takes place against the action of a spring 88 ('Fig. 8); and the'head stock member 75'is carried back to initial position by said spring after release of the associated foot lever.

Thefeed of each blank 50 takes placethrough counterrotation of the'pair of rollers 70 and 71 of the associated yoke. Each pair of rollers is rotated by 'a worm shaft 90 (Fig. 8) that has right and left hand threads. The threads of each shaft 90 mesh, respectively, with warm wheels 92 and '93 secured to the shafts of the rollers 70 and 71 of a set.

The depthwise feed motion of the work may be automatic. On each swing of each work table 5.7 on its axis 62, a *depthwise feed movement is imparted to the" work "through operation of a one way clutch. This clutch operates in such way that the shaft 90 .is free during the swinging motion that takes place during'ithe cut, whereasit is operative during the opposed swinging motion.

The one way clutch consists of "a cam member 89 I (Fig; '7), apair of rollers 91 and springs 94 for'urging these rollers into engagement with a clutch disc 95. Each disc 95 may be secured to associated worm shaft 90. Each disc 95isrotatab1e on associated Shaft and is connected to one end of an arm 96 whose other and is adjustably connected to a plate 97 formingpart of a ball and socket joint (Fig. 2).

Plate 97 .is fastened-to one end of a rod 103 (Figs. 2' and 8) that'has a second ball and socket connection I04 atits other end with the associated column 52. For adjustment of the feed the length of each link '96 is adjusted on associated plate 97.

The drive to the machine is eifected in the illustrated example'by means of a bevel pinion 98 and gear '99 (Fig. 2), the geanbeing secured to the shaft 60' of the tool carrier 20. The tool carrier is .fixedly secured to shaft .60. torotate therewith. The shaft 105, to which the pinion 98.-is secured, runs beneath the -base .plate 1060f I3 I the machine. The columns 52 are mounted on this plate.

Within the tool carrier there are arranged sheaths 100 and 101 (Fig. 2) which enclose a space in which the shavings produced fall. Sheath 101 is conical. For carrying away the shavings out of this space, openings can be provided in the sheath 100, and conveyor 102 can be disposed to pass through this sheath to carry the shavings away.

The blank is mounted obviously in such manner that the planing blades 22 cut in the direction of the fibers of the log.

The operation of the machine will be understood from the preceding description. As carrier revolves, planing blades 22 successively cut shavings or chips from the four workpieces disposed about the head; and as each blade 22 takes its cut, the work table 57 of the workpiece, which is engaged, is rocked about its shaft 62 and the associated slide 53 is moved to maintain the log or billet tangent to the path of rotation of the planing blade so that the blade will take a straight cut. This is efiected through cam 61, linkage 64, 66, 67 and arcuate slot and associated pin 56. As the slab or chip is cut from the workpiece by a blade 22, the associated slitting blade 23 slices that slab or chip into narrow strips suitable for excelsior, or for a pulp wood digesting operation. Between engagement of successive sets of blades 22, 23 with a workpiece, the workpiece is fed forward by the associated knurled rollers 70, 71 through operation of linkage 96, 193 and the associated one-way clutch. Thus the several workpieces are fed step-by-step between operations of successive sets of blades so that each set of blades cuts ofi and slices a slab or chip from each workpiece, and feed alternates with cutting, and the machine operation goes on continuously.

While the invention has been described in connection with a specific embodiment thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modification, and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains, and that may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth and as fall within the scope of the invention or the limits of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. A machine for production of wood shavings comprising a rotary tool carrier, 21 planing blade having a tip cutting edge mounted in said carrier with its tip cutting edge projecting for its full height beyond the periphery of said carrier, a support, a table oscillatable on said support about an axis parallel to the axis of said carrier, a slide for holding a workpiece in position to be engaged by said blade, said slide being mounted on said table for reciprocation thereon in a direction perpendicular to the axis of said table, means for rotating said carrier, means for oscillating said table as said blade takes its cut on the workpiece, and means for effecting reciprocation of said slide during said oscillating movement comprising a slot and a pin engageable therein, one of which is connected to the slide and the other of which is secured to said support.

2. A machine for the production of wood shavings comprising a rotary tool carrier, a planing blade having a tip cutting edge mounted in said carrier to have its tip cutting edge projecting along its whole height beyond the periphery of said carrier, a support, a table oscillatable on said support about an axis parallel to the axis of said carrier, a slide reciprocable on said table in a direction perpendicular to the axis of said table, work supporting means movably mounted on said table and operable to hold and feed the work, means for rotating said carrier, means connecting said rotating means to said table to oscillate said table as said blade takes its out on the work, means for etfecting reciprocation of said slide during said oscillating movement comprising a slot and a pin engageable therein, one of which is connected to the slide and the other of which is secured to said support, and means connecting said support to said table actuated by oscillation of said table for actuating the work supporting means to feed the workpiece toward the carrier on swing of said table in one direction and between successive engagements therewith of the blade.

3. A machine for production of wood shavings, comprising a rotary tool carrier, a planing blade having a tip cutting edge and having its tip surface relieved back of said cutting edge to provide cutting clearance, said blade being mounted in said carrier to have its tip cutting edge projecting along its whole height beyond the periphery of said carrier and to have its tip surface extending generally in the direction of rotation of said carrier, a support, a member mounted on said support for oscillation about an axis parallel to the axis of said carrier, work supporting means movably mounted on said member and operable to hold and feed the work, means for rotating said carrier, means for oscillating said member as said blade takes its out on the work, and means including a one-way clutch for actuating said supporting means to effect feed of the work on swing of said member in one direction and between successive engagements therewith of said blade.

4. A machine for production of wood shavings, comprising a rotary tool carrier, a planing blade having a tip cutting edge and mounted in said carrier to have its tip cutting edge projecting along its whole height beyond the periphery of said carrier, and means for supporting the work in position to be engaged by said blade as the carrier revolves, said means comprising a pair of knurled rollers adapted to clamp the work between them and rotatable on parallel axes to feed the work toward and from the carrier, means for rotating said carrier, means connected to the carrier rotating means and driven in time with said carrier for oscillating said supporting means as said blade takes its out, means operatively connected to said supporting means for controlling the movement of said supporting means during oscillation thereof to cause the blade to cut in a straight line through the work, and means operative after each cutting passage of said blade to impart to the two rollers stepwise movements in opposite directions on their respective axes to effect feed of the work on swing of said supporting means in one direction and between successive engagements therewith of said blade.

5. A machine for production of wood shavings comprising a rotary tool carrier, at planing blade having a tip cutting edge and mounted in said carrier to have its tip cutting edge project along its whole height beyond the periphery of said carrier, means for rotating said carrier, and means for supporting a workpiece in position to be engaged by said blade as the carrier rotates, said supporting means comprising a pair of rollers positioned to rotate on axes parallel to one another and parallel to the axis of said carrier and adapted to clamp a workpiece between them, and means for intermittently rotating said rollers in opposite directions to effect depthwise feed of the workpiece, said last-named means comprising a shaft having two axially spaced threads of opposite hand, respectively, and a wormwheel secured to each roller.

6. A machine for the production of wood shavings comprising a rotary tool carrier, a planing blade having a tip cutting edge and positioned in said carrier to have its tip cutting edge projecting for its full height beyond the periphery of said carrier, a support, a member oscillatable on said support, supporting means movably mounted on said member and adapted to carry a workpiece, means for rotating said carrier, means for oscillating said support to control the path of movement of the blade during cutting of the workpiece, and means for moving said supporting means to effect feed of the workpiece comprising a one-way clutch, a shaft driven thereby and operatively connected to said supporting means to move the

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