US2737349A - Double-acting jaw type stone crusher - Google Patents

Description

March 6, 1956 c. D. HlcKEN 2,737,349

DOUBLE-ACTING JAw TYPE STONE cRUsHER Filed NOV. l0, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet l I u I NUHHHIIII' "33 March 6, 1956 c. D. HlcKEN DOUBLE-ACTING JAW TYPE STONE CRUSHER 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 10, 1952 HIIIIIHHHH! WUIHWHWM Mal'h 6, 1956 c. D. HlcKEN 2,737,349

DOUBLE-ACTING JAW TYPE STONE CRUSHER 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. l0, 1952 United States Patent DOUBLE-ACTING JAW TYPE STONE CRUSHERv Carroll D. Hicken, Waukesha, Wis.

Application November 10, 1952, Serial No. 319,746

1 Claim. (Cl. 241-140) This invention relates to stone crushers and refers more, particularly to an improved double acting jaw type Crusher.

In double acting jaw type stone crushers a pair of opposed stationary jaws are mounted upright in a iixed frame in downwardly converging relation to one another, and an upright pitman carrying movable crushing jaws at its opposite faces is movably mounted between thelixed jaws, wit-h each of the movable jaws opposed to one of the fixed jaws in downwardly converging relation thereto. The pitman is actuated by means of a power driven eccentric rotatably mounted on the frame of the crusher and drivingly connected with the pitman by means of a'bearing intermediate the movable jaws on the pitman and. in which the eccentric is journaled.

In some types of double acting jaw crushers the pitman merely oscillates with a pendulum-like action, while in others it moves bodily upwardly and downwardly, asV well as from side to side, to thus carry the movable jaws in a substantially orbital path. The orbital motion of the jaws in this latter type of Crusher affords a grinding action which has been found to be substantially more efficient than the merely crushing or squeezing action provided by a pitman which is pivoted at its upper end to have a .pendulum motion.

From apractical standpoint the pitman ina double acting crusher in which the movable jaws have orbital motion must be so mounted that its upper end is constrained substantially entirely to vertical linear motion, with little or no horizontal motion, and consequently the motion of the upper portions of the movable jaws` in such an apparatus is nearly straight up and down, even though the lower portion of the pitman hasl the desired orbital motion, corresponding substantially to that of the eccentric. Hence the upper portions of the jaws in.y that type of crusher can exert no substantial squeezing or crush.- ing action upon stones, and this is especially undesirable since the upper portions of the jaws are of course operatingon the largest rocks. Desirably, therefore, the movable. jaws would have an orbital motion at all points along their height, but heretofore. no feasible means have been known for accomplishing this desideratum in a doubleacting crusher.

The present invention has for itsA object the provision of a jaw type double acting stone Crusher in which the movable crushing jaws have` an orbital motion, including a substantial horizontal component of motion as well as a substantial vertical component, at all points along their height, so that the crusher will exert a pronounced grinding action upon the larger stones at the entrance to the throats dened by the fixed and movable jaws aswell as upon the smaller material near the bottoms ofthe jaws.

Another object of the present invention resides in the provision of a stone Crusher of the double acting jaw' type in which substantially all of the crushing forces imposed upon theV movable jaws will be transmitted to the eccentric pitman driver, with only relatively small forces being imposed upon the. guide means by which theA` upper end 2,737,349 Patented Mar. 6, 1956 ICC of the pitrnan is guided for substantially vertical motion, so that` said guide means need not have excessive strength or weight.

A further object of this invention is achieved in consequence of the attainment of the foregoing object4 and resides iny the provision of a double acting jaw type stone Crusher which has a low center of gravity and in which vibration problems are minimized` by reason of the fact that most of thev crushing reactions of the jaws are imposed upon the eccentric pitman driver, which is located near the bottom of the machine, thus necessitating only a relativelyr light upper structure on the apparatus.

Still another object of this invention is realized because of the imposition of the major portion of the crushing reactions upon the eccentric driver and resides in the provision of a jaw type double acting crusher having relatively light and simple guide means at the top of the fixed` frame of the machine, s o that conveyors and other accessory equipment can readily be installed above the jaws without hindrance from, or interference with, the components of the crusher mechanism, and particularly the upper guide means for the pitman, at the top of the machine.

While the principles of this invention are generally applicable to double actingjaw type stone Crushers, they are more particularly suitable for application to a secondary Crusher, that is, aV Crusher designed to operate upon stone which has. already undergone a preliminary crushing operation so as to be substantially uniform in size and small enough to be handled by jaws which are spaced a relatively small distance apart.

With the above and other objects in View, which will appear as the description proceeds, this invention resides in the novel method and apparatus hereinafter described and more particularly defined by the appended claim, it being understood that such changes in the precise embodiment of the herein-disclosed invention may be made as come within the scope of the claims.

Ther accompanying' drawings illustrate one complete example of the physical embodiment of the invention constructed according to the best mode so far devised for the practical application of the principles thereof, and in which:

Figure l is a side elevational View of a crusher embodying the principles of this invention, portions being broken away and shown in section;

FigureV 2 is a horizonttal sectional view taken substan- `tially on the plane of the line 2-2 in Figure l, parts vstone Crusher embodying the principles of this invention and comprising essentially a pair of substantially t.shaped opposed side plates 6 held in fixed spaced apart parallel relation and which carry the various components of the Crusher mechanism.

A pair of fixed jaws 7 are mounted in opposed downwardly converging relation to one another between the 'side plates, transversely to them and spanning the distance between them, by means to be described presently. An upright pitman, designated generally by 8, has movable jaws 9 secured at its opposite sides, and the pitman is so mounted in the fixed frame that each of the movable jaws-v is at all times disposed in opposed downwardly converging: relationship to one of the stationary jaws. The movable. jaws; are carried .by the pitman in 3 an orbital path which alternately approaches each of the stationary jaws, the pitman being actuated for such orbital motion by means of an eccentric driver 10, the shaft 11 of which is journaled in coaxial bearings 12 secured to the side plates of the frame and the eccentric 13 of which is journaled in a pair of coaxial pitman bearings 14 fixed medially between the movable jaws on the pitman.

The eccentric driver is rotated by a prime mover of any suitable type (not shown), with which it is connected by any suitable means, as for example, a belt (not shown) trained around sheaves 15 secured to one end of the shaft; and a pair of ywheels 17, keyed to the shaft near each end thereof, stabilizes the motion of the eccentric and pitman.

Each of the fixed jaws 7 substantially spans the distance between the side plates and is substantially channel-shaped in cross section, the front face 19 of the web of the channel providing the grinding surface of the jaw while the rearwardly extending legs 21 afford an upper and a lower support for the jaw, being engaged, respectively, with a supporting strut 23 and a toggle plate 24 backed by an adjustable pillow block 26. The supporting struts and toggle plates are engaged in arcuate crosssection grooves 27 extending lengthwise along the relatively wide rear face of each of the legs 21, so that the fixed jaws are both readily detachable from their mountings and readily adjustable in respect to their angle of convergence. Attention is directed to the fact that the fixed jaws are symmetrical about their horizontal center planes so that they may be inverted to compensate for the irregular wear which normally occurs on their working faces.

Each supporting strut 23 has its ends rigidly secured to the side plates of the frame, and its front surface is rounded to a substantially semi-circular profile, to rest in the arcuate groove 2'7 in the uppermost leg of the jaw member and thus afford a fixed pivot around which the bottom of the jaw may be adjustingly swung back and forth. The adjustable pillow blocks 26 which support the toggle plates 24, and through them the lower portions of the jaws, are seated in elongated forwardly opening channel-like supports 23, the ends of which are secured to the ide plates. The pillow blocks are of course long enough to substantially span the distance between the side plates, and each has an arcuate cross-section groove 29 in its front face in which the rear edge of one of the toggle plates is received. It will be understood that the toggle plates are also long enough to substantially span the distance between the side plates and that they are held in place solely by virtue of the engagement of their rounded front and rear edges in the arcuate grooves in the lower legs of the jaws and in the front faces of the pillow blocks, respectively, the toggle plates being otherwise unsupported to permit them to accommodate themselves to any position of angular adjustment of the fixed jaws about the supporting strut 23.

it wiil also be understood that the fixed jaws are normally urged into engagement with their respective toggle plates and supporting struts by the reaction forces imposed upon them during crushing of stone. However, to preclude displacement of the fixed jaws during intervals when there is no such reaction against them, a tension spring 3l, connected between each jaw 7 and the channellike support 2S which holds its associated pillow block, biases the jaw member rearwardly into secure holding engagement with the toggle plate and strut. The spring which thus retains each jaw may be provided with any desired degree of tension by virtue of the fact that its rear end is hooked into an adjusting screw 32 secured in a lug 33 projecting upwardly from the channel-like support 2d. rfhe front end of each spring hooks into an ear .34 on the rear of the jaw member intermediate its ends and midway between the two legs 21, so that the tension force reaction of the spring is substantially equalized between the strut 23 and the toggle plate 24.

Angular adjustment of the jaws is readily effected by the insertion of shims behind the pillow blocks 26, and either of the jaws 7 may be readily removed by unhooking one end of its spring and lifting the jaw out of the frame, both of these operations being facilitated by relief of spring tension by means of the adjusting screw 32.

A pair of downwardly converging plates 35 secured to the side plates, one above each fixed jaw and forming substantially an upward continuation of the working surface thereof, in effect provides a hopper which funnels material into the throats 36 conjointly defined by the opposed sets of fixed and movable jaws.

The body of the pitman comprises an elongated, substantially box-like frame 37, of .a length to substantially span the distance between the side plates. The movable jaw members 9 which are detachably secured to the body of the pitman, are platelike, and preferably their crushing faces 33 are slightly convex or arcuate in profile as viewed from the side. The upper and lower edges 39 and di), respectively, of the movable jaws converge toward their crushing faces, the lower edges hooking behind upwardly and outwardly inclined ridges 42 which project from the frame of the pitman while their upper edges are engaged by wedge strips 43 which extend across the pitman and are detachably secured to the frame thereof as by means of screws 44 passing through countersunk holes in the wedge blocks and into threaded holes in the frame. The movable jaw members may thus be quickly detached from the pitman by removing the wedge strips 43, and it will be observed that the movable jaw members, like the stationary jaw members, are symmetrical about their horizontal center planes to enable them to be inverted on the pitman to compensate for uneven wear on their convex crushing faces.

A pair of cover plates 46 on the top of the pitman body, sloping downwardly from the vertical center plane thereof, protect the pitman frame from material poured into the machine and cooperate with the hopper plates 35 in guiding such material into the throats 36 between the jaws.

The pitman of this invention is distinguished by a pair of parallel upward extensions 48, one at each end of the pitman. Links 49 serve as the guide means for the upper end of the pitman, each link having one of its ends pivotally connected to the top of the pitman extension, as at 5l, and its other end pivotally connected, as at 52, to the upwardly projecting portion of its adjacent L-shaped side plate, the respective pivotal connections of the two links being of course coaxial.

Several advantages flow from the upward extensions which characterize the pitman of this invention. First, the upward extensions and their associated links are disposed at the extreme ends of the pitman, adjacent to the side plates, so that there is no other superstructure whatsoever above the pitman at any point along its length, thus permitting a conveyor or other accessory equipment to be installed above the body of the pitman without interference from any of the necessary structural components of the Crusher itself.

Because each of the links 49 is disposed substantially horizontally, its end which connects with the pitman swings only a very slight distance away from a vertical plane containing the axis of the driver 1i), and the upper end of the pitman extension therefore is guided by the links for motion in an almost perfectly vertical path, with only a negligible horizontal component of motion. However, because the extensions on the pitman project a substantial distance above the upper edges of the movable jaws, while the movable jaws are substantially centered, vertically, with respect to the eccentric between them, every point along the height of each movable jaw follows a desirable orbital path during actuation of the pitman, thus assuring that the jaws will eiect both a crushing and a grinding action upon the larger stones near the tops of the two throats 36 as well as upon the smaller material near the bottoms of said throats.

The paths of three points along the height of the movable jaws are diagrammed at 53, 54 and 55, respectively, in Figure 3. It will be seen that a point midway between the top and bottom edge of each movable jaw will follow a slightly elliptical orbit 54 corresponding very nearly to the orbit of the eccentric axis of the driver, but modified, of course, by the pitman guide links, so as to be noncircular. The lower edge of each jaw likewise follows an orbital path, designated by 55, which, however, has a slightly larger component of horizontal motion because of its disposition below the axis of the pitman bearings; while the upper edges of the movable jaws will also follow orbital paths 53 which, while having less horizontal motion component than the orbits 54 of the midpoints of the jaws, will nevertheless be sufficiently circular as to be very effective in grinding and crushing stones at the entrances to the throats 36.

Particular attention is directed to the fact that the axis of the pitman bearings 14 in which the eccentric is journaled lies in a horizontal plane which intersects the movable jaws midway between their top and bottom edges. As a result of this disposition of the pitman bearing axis, the reaction forces against the movable jaws are substantially balanced along their height, that is, substantially as much reaction force is imposed upon each movable jaw above the pitman axis as below it, with the result that little or no turning couple is imposed upon the jaws to tend to rotate the pitman about the pitman bearing axis. In consequence of this balance of the forces upon the movable jaws about the driver axis, substantially the entire crushing reaction from each of the movable jaws is imposed upon the ecentric, with only relatively small forces being imposed upon the links, and, moreover, such forces as are carried to the links are transmitted to them through the long lever arm provided by the pitman extensions, so that the actual forces exerted upon the links and their respective pivotal connections are very small. While this imposition of the force loads upon the eccentric requires the driver and its bearings to be of sturdy construction, the strength requirements for these parts are not excessive in a secondary Crusher, and the slight additional weight of the driver necessitated by this requirement is made up for in the relative lightness of the guide means made possible because of this feature, and moreover results in an apparatus having a desirably low center of gravity.

It will be noted that the fixed jaws in the crusher shown in the acompanying drawings have relatively fiat working faces and are disposed ata substantial angle to the horizontal, while the movable jaws, as mentioned above, have curved crushing faces. The throat defined by jaws of this shape is particularly advantageous since it affords a gradual transition from its widest to its narrowest point which takes full advantage of the orbital motion of the jaws. The slight downward convergence of the movable jaws on the pitman enables the fixed jaws to be set at an angle sufficiently close to vertical so that mud will not tend to cling to the crushing faces of the jaws.

From the foregoing description taken together with the accompanying drawings it will be readily apparent that this invention provides a double acting jaw type stone crusher having superior grinding and crushing action by reason of the fact that its movable jaws have substantial orbital motion at all points along their height; and which features a low center of gravity and an absence of structure at its top which might interfere with the installation of a conveyor or other accessory equipment.

What l claim as my invention is:

A double-acting rock crusher comprising: a pair of upright side plates fixed in substantially parallel relationship to one another; a pair of upright opposed stationary jaws, each of which has a planar working surface extending from one of said side plates to the other, said working surfaces converging downwardly towards one another; an upright pitman movably mounted between the stationary jaws and having movable crushing jaws on its opposite sides the working surfaces of which face the stationary jaws and likewise substantially span the distance between the fixed side plates, the pitman being wider at the top than at the bottom so that the Working surfaces of its jaws converge downwardly towards one another as do the working surfaces of the stationary jaws but at a lesser angle, and said working surfaces of the movable pitman-carried jaws being slightly convex in planes parallel to the fixed side plates with the lower portion of each curved surface approaching parallelism with the planar working surface of its coacting stationary jaw when the pitman is in its highest and lowest positions; a power driven eccentric rotatably carried by the fixed side plates and connected to the pitman to impart orbital motion thereto, the axis of said eccentric driver being substantially parallel to and medially between the movable jaws and lying in a horizontal plane intersecting the mid points of the curved working surfaces of the movable jaws; a pair of parallel upward extensions on the pitman, one at each end thereof, inside the fixed side plates but directly adjacent thereto so as not to interfere with the flow of rocks from above the pitman and into the bites of the coacting jaws, said extensions projecting above the top of the pitman a distance greater than the vertical height of the curved working surfaces of the pitman-carried movable jaws; and a link pivotally connecting the upper end of each of said extensions with the adjacent fixed side plate to guide the motion imparted to the pitman by the eccentric.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 646,516 Brown Apr. 3, 1900 2,097,906 Wettlaufer Nov. 2, 1937 2,131,801 Gruender Oct. 4, 1938 2,380,419 Ebersol July 31, 1945 2,595,219 Anderson May 6, 1952 2,626,759 Barber Jan. 27, 1953 2,670,141 Anderson Feb. 23, 1954

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