US2733373A - Germer - Google Patents
Germer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2733373A US2733373A US2733373DA US2733373A US 2733373 A US2733373 A US 2733373A US 2733373D A US2733373D A US 2733373DA US 2733373 A US2733373 A US 2733373A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- chamber
- cap
- bore
- envelope
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000035510 distribution Effects 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003213 activating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton(0) Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052904 quartz Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon(0) Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0732—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
Definitions
- the lamps be so constructed that their light distribution characteristics may be improved when found necessary.
- the complete failure of lamps of such type is usually due to the failure of the electrodes or of the lead-in conductor connecting an electrode to a contact terminal of the lamp.
- the electrodes or the conductors may become broken or the electrodes may in time become less active whereby the lamp will not longer function in the manner for which it was designed.
- Fig. l is a view, partly in section, of a vapor discharge lamp constructed according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. l and in the direction of the arrows.
- the lamp illustrated in said drawing comprises a tubusuch as quartz, closed at each end thereof to provide a
- a pair of electrodes 7 and 8 supported on the lead-in conductors 9 and 10 which are vacuum tightly sealed in the press seals 11 and 12 in the end walls of the tube 5.
- the chamber 6 contains the usual starting gas, such as argon, xenon, or krypton, and a sucient amount of vaporizable metal, e. g. mercury, so that during operation, the lamp will develop an internal pressure in excess of about one atmosphere depending upon the wattage desired.
- the plug assembly 13 is suitably dimensioned to pass into a socket (not shown) whereby the lamp maybe supported between two sockets and energized through an electrical circuit in a known manner.
- the plug assembly 13 includes a tubular sleeve 14 one end of which telescopes over the end of the envelope 5 with an annular gasket 15 between the adjacent walls of the envelope and the sleeve.
- the other end of ythe sleeve 14 supports the base 16 of the plug assembly, said base being formed of electrical insulation material, such as, for example, ceramic material and the like.
- the base 16 is constructed as a cylinder with an annular flange -17 that fits into the sleeve 14 and is supported iirmly in the end of the sleeve between the annular recess 19 and the anged end Ztl of the sleeve.
- the cylindrical base 16 is provided with an axial bore 21 having a shoulder 22 on the inner end thereof. Within the bore 21 ⁇ is a contact Vspring 23 that is electrically connected to the lead-in conductor 10. The other of leadin conductors, i. e. conductor 9, passes dirough a second bore 24 .inthe base 16 and is electrically connected to a metal cap 25 that is firmly fitted over the outer end of the base.
- a contact terminal comprising a metal plate 26 having a conical stem 27 integral with and perpendicular to ⁇ one side of the plate.
- The'stem 27 is dimensioned to extendfor a substantial distance into the bore 21 Where it forms the electrical connection with the spring 23 and is held in the bore by the pressure exerted by said spring.
- a hole 28 is formed in the cap 25 to accommodate the stem 27, and the hole is made to have a larger diameter than that of to expose the cap 25 which will then carry the current from the socket to the lead-in conductor 9 and to the electrode In. lamps of the type herein contemplated it is common practice to form the electrodes of several thin sheets of a suitable metal having activating compounds between the sheets.
- the electrodes are formed of several layers of such thin sheets and constitute semi-circular receptacles that are spaced apart whereby a maximum portion of each of tne electrodes is located near the axis of the tube to cause the discharge arcs to be substantially centrally located within the tube.
- an electric discharge lamp having a tubular en velope of vitreous material closed at its ends to provide a chamber, subject to unequal distribution of radiations along the envelope, said chamber containing a rare gas anda vaporizable metal, two main electrodes and a leadin conductor for each of said electrodes in each end of said chamber, the electrodes in one end being spaced from the electrodes in the other end of said chamber for supporting a discharge arc therebetween, said conductors extending through the nearest of the end walls of said 35 envelope and being sealed therein, a sleeve telescoped over each end of said tubular envelope and extending beyond its respective end of said envelope, a plug of elecaxial bore in said plug, a spring in said bore electrically connected to one of said conductors, a second bore through said plug, a metal cap covering the outer end of said plug, the other of said conductors passing through said second bore and being electrically connected to said cap, a hole in said cap aligned withV said axial bore, an
- each of said electrodes is semicircular inconstruction with the diameters'being parallel to each other.
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- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Description
Jan. 31, 1956 E, GERMER ELECTRIC DISCHARGE DEVICE Filed Jan. 25, 1951 INVENTo/e. bMz//vo f/QME/P rug,
United States Patent() 2,733,373 Y ELECTRIC DISCHARGE DEVICE Edmund Germer, Berlin-Wannsee, Germany, assignor to Hanovia Chemical & Mfg. Co., Newark, N. J., a corporationv of New JerseyV This invention relates to electric discharge devices and; isxconcernedl in particular with high pressure vapor dischargelamps and with arrangements for the electrodes and terminals in such lamps.
When electric discharge lamps of the high pressure tube type are manufactured according to the present art in the quantities required by industry, it is found that some of the lamps emit radiations of varying intensities along the length of the tube, i. e., they operate with an unequal distribution of radiations between the ends of the tube. Others operate with a substantially equal distribution of radiations. The lamps exhibiting unequal light distribu tion are not suited for applications requiring control on E the radiation intensity. I do not know why in the manufacture of a number of such lamps according to a set scheme, some of them should turn out with unsatisfactory intensity characteristics. It should bel noted also that even some of those lamps that are found uponinspection to have substantially equal intensity characteristics along the length `of the tube, later develop a deficiency in radiation intensity at one of the ends thereof. Whatever may be the explanation for these occurrences, it is, of course, de-
,sirable that the lamps be so constructed that their light distribution characteristics may be improved when found necessary.
The complete failure of lamps of such type is usually due to the failure of the electrodes or of the lead-in conductor connecting an electrode to a contact terminal of the lamp. The electrodes or the conductors may become broken or the electrodes may in time become less active whereby the lamp will not longer function in the manner for which it was designed.
4 It is a general object of the invention to provide an electric discharge lamp having a substantially longer useful life than lamps of such type manufactured heretofore. Another object is to provide a lamp which when manufactured in large quantities have few if any rejects due to unequal light emanation along the length thereof. Further objects and various advantages will appear from the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. l is a view, partly in section, of a vapor discharge lamp constructed according to the invention, and
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. l and in the direction of the arrows.
The lamp illustrated in said drawing comprises a tubusuch as quartz, closed at each end thereof to provide a In each end of the chamber is a pair of electrodes 7 and 8 supported on the lead-in conductors 9 and 10 which are vacuum tightly sealed in the press seals 11 and 12 in the end walls of the tube 5. The chamber 6 contains the usual starting gas, such as argon, xenon, or krypton, and a sucient amount of vaporizable metal, e. g. mercury, so that during operation, the lamp will develop an internal pressure in excess of about one atmosphere depending upon the wattage desired.
Mounted over each of the ends of the tubular envelope 5 is a plug assembly 13 that is suitably dimensioned to pass into a socket (not shown) whereby the lamp maybe supported between two sockets and energized through an electrical circuit in a known manner. The plug assembly 13 includes a tubular sleeve 14 one end of which telescopes over the end of the envelope 5 with an annular gasket 15 between the adjacent walls of the envelope and the sleeve. The other end of ythe sleeve 14 supports the base 16 of the plug assembly, said base being formed of electrical insulation material, such as, for example, ceramic material and the like. The base 16 is constructed as a cylinder with an annular flange -17 that fits into the sleeve 14 and is supported iirmly in the end of the sleeve between the annular recess 19 and the anged end Ztl of the sleeve.
The cylindrical base 16 is provided with an axial bore 21 having a shoulder 22 on the inner end thereof. Within the bore 21`is a contact Vspring 23 that is electrically connected to the lead-in conductor 10. The other of leadin conductors, i. e. conductor 9, passes dirough a second bore 24 .inthe base 16 and is electrically connected to a metal cap 25 that is firmly fitted over the outer end of the base.
Electrical contact with the spring 23 and the lead-in conductor 10 is provided by means of a contact terminal comprising a metal plate 26 having a conical stem 27 integral with and perpendicular to `one side of the plate. The'stem 27 is dimensioned to extendfor a substantial distance into the bore 21 Where it forms the electrical connection with the spring 23 and is held in the bore by the pressure exerted by said spring. A hole 28 is formed in the cap 25 to accommodate the stem 27, and the hole is made to have a larger diameter than that of to expose the cap 25 which will then carry the current from the socket to the lead-in conductor 9 and to the electrode In. lamps of the type herein contemplated it is common practice to form the electrodes of several thin sheets of a suitable metal having activating compounds between the sheets. Also, it is common practice to form -the electrodes with a iiat circular base plate. and a flanged edge around the rrim of such base plate, thereby providing a receptacle-like construction for the electrodes. In the lamp illustrated in the drawing the electrodes are formed of several layers of such thin sheets and constitute semi-circular receptacles that are spaced apart whereby a maximum portion of each of tne electrodes is located near the axis of the tube to cause the discharge arcs to be substantially centrally located within the tube.
While I have described the invention more specifically with reference to a high pressure vapor discharge lamp, it will be noted that the invention is equally applicable to other types of vapor discharge lamps, e. g. a gerinicidal tricall insulation closing the outer end of said sleeve,v an
or lluorescent lamp having a gaseous or metal vapor lilling, or both.
The foregoing disclosure is to be regarded as descriptive and illustrative only and not as restrictive or limitative of the invention, of which obviously an embodiment may be constructed without departing from the general scope herein indicated and denoted in the appended claims.
What I claim is:
1. ln an electric discharge lamp having a tubular en velope of vitreous material closed at its ends to provide a chamber, subject to unequal distribution of radiations along the envelope, said chamber containing a rare gas anda vaporizable metal, two main electrodes and a leadin conductor for each of said electrodes in each end of said chamber, the electrodes in one end being spaced from the electrodes in the other end of said chamber for supporting a discharge arc therebetween, said conductors extending through the nearest of the end walls of said 35 envelope and being sealed therein, a sleeve telescoped over each end of said tubular envelope and extending beyond its respective end of said envelope, a plug of elecaxial bore in said plug, a spring in said bore electrically connected to one of said conductors, a second bore through said plug, a metal cap covering the outer end of said plug, the other of said conductors passing through said second bore and being electrically connected to said cap, a hole in said cap aligned withV said axial bore, an insulation disc covering said cap, a contact plate covering said disc, and a stem integral with said plate and passing through said disc and the hole in said cap and into said axial bore for contacting said spring, whereby there is provided a means for the non-concurrent operation of the two` electrodes at each end of the chamber-and the arc discharge between the ends of the chamber rnay be made to follow anyone of at least tour paths only one path being obtained for operation at anyone time for each of the aforesaid conductor connections.
2. In an electric discharge lamp according to claim l wherein each of said electrodes is semicircular inconstruction with the diameters'being parallel to each other.
References Cited in theflle of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,644,744 Pingen Oct. 11, 1927 1,877,832 Meyer et al Sept. 20, 1932 2,097,261 Spanner Oct. 26, 1937 2,116,702 Kern et al. May 10, 1938 2,154,550 White et al Apr. 18, 1939 2,212,881 Lec'orquillier Aug. 27, 1940 2,264,055 Stocker Nov. 25, 1941 2,264,081 Jost et al. Nov. 25, 1941 2,411,679 Cox Nov. 26, 1946 2,513,091 Frohock June 27, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 431,763 Great Britain 1935 527,940 Great Britain Oct. 18, 1940 589,240 Great Britain June 16, 1947
Claims (1)
1. IN AN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE LAMP HAVING A TUBULAR ENVELOPE OF VITREOUS MATERIAL CLOSED AT ITS ENDS TO PROVIDE A CHAMBER, SUBJECT TO UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATIONS ALONG THE ENVELOPE, SAID CHAMBER CONTAINING A RARE GAS AND A VAPORIZABLE METAL, TWO MAIN ELECTRODES AND A LEADIN CONDUCTOR FOR EACH OF SAID ELECTRODES IN EACH END OF SAID CHAMBER, THE ELECTRODES IN ONE END OF BEING SPACED FROM THE ELECTRODES IN THE OTHER END OF SAID CHAMBER FOR SUPPORTING A DISCHARGE ARC THEREBETWEEN, SAID CONDUCTORS EXTENDING THROUGH THE NEAREST OF THE END WALLS OF SAID ENVELOPE AND BEING SEALED THEREIN, A SLEEVE TELESCOPED OVER EACH END OF SAID TUBULAR ENVELOPE AND EXTENDING BEYOND ITS RESPECTIVE END OF SAID ENVELOPE, A PLUG OF ELECTRICAL INSULATION CLOSING THE OUTER END OF SAID SLEEVE, AN AXIAL BORE IN SAID PLUG, A SPRING IN SAID BORE ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED TO ONE OF SAID CONDUCTORS, A SECOND BORE THROUGH SAID PLUG, A METAL CAP COVERING THE OUTER END OF SAID PLUG, THE OTHER OF SAID CONDUCTORS PASSING THROUGH SAID SECOND BORE AND BEING ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED TO SAID CAP, A HOLE IN SAID CAP ALIGNED WITH SAID AXIAL BORE, AN INSULATION DISC COVERING SAID CAP, A CONTACT PLATE COVERING SAID DISC, AND A STEM INTEGRAL WITH SAID PLATE AND PASSING THROUGH SAID DISC AND THE HOLE IN SAID CAP AND INTO SAID AXIAL BORE FR CONTACTING SAID SPRING, WHEREBY THERE IS PROVIDED A MEANS FOR THE NON-CONCURRENT OPERATION OF THE TWO ELECTRODES AT EACH END OF THE CHAMBER AND THE ARC DISCHARGE BETWEEN THE ENDS OF THE CHAMBER MAY BE MADE TO FOLLOW ANY ONE OF AT LEAST FOUR PATHS ONLY ONE PATH BEING OBTAINED FOR OPERATION AT ANY ONE TIME FOR EACH OF THE AFORESAID CONDUCTOR CONNECTIONS.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2733373A true US2733373A (en) | 1956-01-31 |
Family
ID=3442961
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US2733373D Expired - Lifetime US2733373A (en) | Germer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2733373A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2974249A (en) * | 1958-01-28 | 1961-03-07 | Duro Test Corp | Xenon short arc lamps |
US3775634A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-11-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electric lamp having a base assembly with integral means for axially-orienting the end contact |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1644744A (en) * | 1922-03-21 | 1927-10-11 | Henry M Pingen | Electron tube |
US1877832A (en) * | 1931-03-21 | 1932-09-20 | Ernest A Wallis | Nursing bottle |
GB431763A (en) * | 1933-10-10 | 1935-07-15 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices |
US2097261A (en) * | 1929-04-30 | 1937-10-26 | Spanner Hans Joachim | Lighting device |
US2116702A (en) * | 1936-11-24 | 1938-05-10 | Gen Electric | Electric gaseous discharge lamp |
US2154550A (en) * | 1937-07-28 | 1939-04-18 | Gen Electric | Electric lamp or similar device |
US2212881A (en) * | 1938-02-02 | 1940-08-27 | Gen Electric | Electric gaseous discharge device |
GB527940A (en) * | 1938-04-23 | 1940-10-18 | Egyesuelt Izzolampa | Gas discharge tubular lamps |
US2264055A (en) * | 1939-04-03 | 1941-11-25 | Gen Electric | Starting circuit for electric discharge devices |
US2264081A (en) * | 1940-03-07 | 1941-11-25 | Gen Electric | Gaseous discharge lamp |
US2411679A (en) * | 1945-03-31 | 1946-11-26 | Duro Test Corp | Fluorescent lamp |
GB589240A (en) * | 1943-08-09 | 1947-06-16 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in electric discharge lamps |
US2513091A (en) * | 1948-07-30 | 1950-06-27 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Instant start lamp and circuit |
-
0
- US US2733373D patent/US2733373A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1644744A (en) * | 1922-03-21 | 1927-10-11 | Henry M Pingen | Electron tube |
US2097261A (en) * | 1929-04-30 | 1937-10-26 | Spanner Hans Joachim | Lighting device |
US1877832A (en) * | 1931-03-21 | 1932-09-20 | Ernest A Wallis | Nursing bottle |
GB431763A (en) * | 1933-10-10 | 1935-07-15 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices |
US2116702A (en) * | 1936-11-24 | 1938-05-10 | Gen Electric | Electric gaseous discharge lamp |
US2154550A (en) * | 1937-07-28 | 1939-04-18 | Gen Electric | Electric lamp or similar device |
US2212881A (en) * | 1938-02-02 | 1940-08-27 | Gen Electric | Electric gaseous discharge device |
GB527940A (en) * | 1938-04-23 | 1940-10-18 | Egyesuelt Izzolampa | Gas discharge tubular lamps |
US2264055A (en) * | 1939-04-03 | 1941-11-25 | Gen Electric | Starting circuit for electric discharge devices |
US2264081A (en) * | 1940-03-07 | 1941-11-25 | Gen Electric | Gaseous discharge lamp |
GB589240A (en) * | 1943-08-09 | 1947-06-16 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in electric discharge lamps |
US2411679A (en) * | 1945-03-31 | 1946-11-26 | Duro Test Corp | Fluorescent lamp |
US2513091A (en) * | 1948-07-30 | 1950-06-27 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Instant start lamp and circuit |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2974249A (en) * | 1958-01-28 | 1961-03-07 | Duro Test Corp | Xenon short arc lamps |
US3775634A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-11-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electric lamp having a base assembly with integral means for axially-orienting the end contact |
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