US2733319A - Material for electric contacts - Google Patents
Material for electric contacts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2733319A US2733319A US2733319DA US2733319A US 2733319 A US2733319 A US 2733319A US 2733319D A US2733319D A US 2733319DA US 2733319 A US2733319 A US 2733319A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- rhenium
- contacts
- sintering
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 13
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H2001/0208—Contacts characterised by the material thereof containing rhenium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for production of a material of pure rhenium for electric contacts and contacts produced of said material.
- Electric contacts of pure rhenium and alloys of rhenium and other metals with high fusing point, for example ruthenium or platinum, have very good properties and a can be used with current intensities up to about amp.
- Rhenium would thus be an excellent substitute for Wolfram in the tungsten contacts used until now, which after a long use are deteriorated owing to tungsten oxide, which is formed on the contact surfaces, being a bad electric conductor. What has until now made the use of rhenium impossible has been the high price of said metal (which is about the same as the price of platinum). By suitable procedures the present invention intends to make the use of rhenium in electric contacts possible.
- the rhenium powder is reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere, pressed at a pressure lying between 6000 and 9000 kg./cm. suitably about 8000 kg./cm. and thereafter sintered at a temperature lying at least 1000 C. below the fusion temperature (3150 C.).
- the low sintering temperature has the advantage of cheaper production costs and decreased risks for defiling.
- a good sintering result at such a low temperature is dependent on the rhenium powder used.
- the powder must be fine-grained so that at least 70% of the grains have a diameter not exceeding 0.004 mm.
- Such powder is produced through reduction with H of R6KO4 at a temperature between 400 and 600 C.
- H of R6KO4 at a temperature between 400 and 600 C.
- sintering temperatures lying between 1700 C. and 2150 C. have been used, and the sintering time has been varied between 3 and 30 minutes, good results having thereby been obtained. It may be sufiicient in nited States Patent C many cases to sinter the powder at for example 1800" C. during 5-10 minutes.
- the quantity of contact material used for one contact is smaller and thus cheaper, and, owing to the use of a lower temperature, the method itself is also cheaper.
- this method it is suitable to give the material a shape, by pressing and sintering, which differs as little as possible from the shape of the desired contact.
- the rhenium contacts of the type having a plain and a convex side are pressed in hardened steel dies. The die with a concave surface is moved against a stationary die. Thus the surface of the convex side, the working side, of the contact gets a greater density and hardness than the other parts of the contact.
- both dies are moved against each other.
- the pressing operation takes place at room temperature and at a pressure of 6000-9000 kg./ c111
- fine-grained rhenium powder as mentioned above and a pressure of 6000-9000 kg./cm.
- the sintering is obtained, according to an embodiment of the invention, during 10-25 minutes at a temperature of 1850 i40 C.
- an electric furnace with tungsten-or molybden resistors in A1203 tubes.
- the porosity will be 12-30% which is sufficient for contact loads up to about 5 amperes.
- the contact is fastened to a bearer, e. g. a contact spring, by soldering or welding.
- soldering When soldering is used the contact is first copperplated through electro-deposition.
- the welding methods are cheaper and stronger than soldering.
- the contact which is to be welded to a bearer must have a convex surface at the welding point. It is possible to use resistance-welding. The best results, however, have been obtained in using condenser-Welding. This Welding method is generally known as regards other metals. An electric current from a condenser battery is discharged over the welding point at the moment when the two surfaces, which are to be welded together, touch.
- the method of producing electric contact material made of rhenium only, for use in electric switching means comprising the steps of subjecting discrete rhenium particles at least 70% of which have a diameter of at most 0.004 mm., at room temperature to a pressure between 6000 and 9000 kg./cm. for forming a compacted porous rhenium body having a porosity between 5 and 40 percent, and sintering said porous body for a period of 5 to 25 minutes at a temperature between l800 and 2150 C. for imparting a mechanical resistance sufiicient for the purpose to said porous body.
- An electric contact material in form of a comparatively porous body composed of coherent rheniurn particles at least 70% of which have a diameter of at most 0.004 mm., the porosity of said body being between 5% and 40%.
- Page 709 is relied on.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Description
2,733,319 MATERIAL FOR ELECTRIC CONTACTS Eric Arvid Ericsson, Stockholm, and Anders Ossian Jiirgensen, Bromma, Sweden, assignors to Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson, Stockholm, Sweden, a company of Sweden No Drawing. Application June 14, 1952 Serial No. 293,686
Claims priority, application Sweden July 14, 1950 6 Claims. (Cl. 200-166) I The present invention relates to a method for production of a material of pure rhenium for electric contacts and contacts produced of said material.
Electric contacts of pure rhenium and alloys of rhenium and other metals with high fusing point, for example ruthenium or platinum, have very good properties and a can be used with current intensities up to about amp.
Rhenium would thus be an excellent substitute for Wolfram in the tungsten contacts used until now, which after a long use are deteriorated owing to tungsten oxide, which is formed on the contact surfaces, being a bad electric conductor. What has until now made the use of rhenium impossible has been the high price of said metal (which is about the same as the price of platinum). By suitable procedures the present invention intends to make the use of rhenium in electric contacts possible.
It has been proposed to produce contacts by pressing the metal powder to bodies of the desired shape and thereafter sintering the bodies in vacuum or in reducing or indifferent gas at temperatures lying slightly below the fusion temperature.
These methods have however not made it possible to reduce the price, so that the contacts could be more usual in the practical use.
By pressing and sintering according to the invention, however, a metal is obtained having such great porosity and thereby so low specific weight, that the price per unit of volume becomes sufiiciently low, the mechanical resistance for use as contacts thereby not becoming too low.
According to the invention the rhenium powder is reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere, pressed at a pressure lying between 6000 and 9000 kg./cm. suitably about 8000 kg./cm. and thereafter sintered at a temperature lying at least 1000 C. below the fusion temperature (3150 C.). The low sintering temperature has the advantage of cheaper production costs and decreased risks for defiling.
A good sintering result at such a low temperature is dependent on the rhenium powder used. We have found that the powder must be fine-grained so that at least 70% of the grains have a diameter not exceeding 0.004 mm. Such powder is produced through reduction with H of R6KO4 at a temperature between 400 and 600 C. For tests, sintering temperatures lying between 1700 C. and 2150 C. have been used, and the sintering time has been varied between 3 and 30 minutes, good results having thereby been obtained. It may be sufiicient in nited States Patent C many cases to sinter the powder at for example 1800" C. during 5-10 minutes. With such a method, it is possible to produce a material with sufficient mechanical resistance having a porosity of 40%, whereby the following advantage is obtained: the quantity of contact material used for one contact is smaller and thus cheaper, and, owing to the use of a lower temperature, the method itself is also cheaper. With this method, it is suitable to give the material a shape, by pressing and sintering, which differs as little as possible from the shape of the desired contact. The rhenium contacts of the type having a plain and a convex side are pressed in hardened steel dies. The die with a concave surface is moved against a stationary die. Thus the surface of the convex side, the working side, of the contact gets a greater density and hardness than the other parts of the contact. Should both surfaces be used as working surfaces and thus formed convex, both dies are moved against each other. The pressing operation takes place at room temperature and at a pressure of 6000-9000 kg./ c111 By using fine-grained rhenium powder as mentioned above and a pressure of 6000-9000 kg./cm. the sintering is obtained, according to an embodiment of the invention, during 10-25 minutes at a temperature of 1850 i40 C. Thereby it is possible to use an electric furnace with tungsten-or molybden resistors in A1203 tubes. On the average the porosity will be 12-30% which is sufficient for contact loads up to about 5 amperes. For contacts which are designed for higher loads an average porosity of only 5-12% is preferable, which is obtained by sintering at a temperature of 2100" :40 C., e. g. when producing small contacts with a diameter of about 2 mm. with a sintering time of 5-10 minutes. At such high temperatures it is not possible to use a furnace with A1203 tubes. In this case it is necessary to use a furnace with carbon tubes, which, however, causes an increase in the costs and a risk of defiling the contact material with carbon. Such impurities cannot be removed.
The contact is fastened to a bearer, e. g. a contact spring, by soldering or welding. When soldering is used the contact is first copperplated through electro-deposition. The welding methods are cheaper and stronger than soldering. The contact which is to be welded to a bearer must have a convex surface at the welding point. It is possible to use resistance-welding. The best results, however, have been obtained in using condenser-Welding. This Welding method is generally known as regards other metals. An electric current from a condenser battery is discharged over the welding point at the moment when the two surfaces, which are to be welded together, touch.
As example 'a little contact design for 5-10 a. and 24 v. with a diameter of 1.6 mm., a thickness of 0.5 mm. and convex surfaces with 4 mm. radius is welded with a condenser of 7000p. F. and an electrode pressure of 5-10 kg. This method is cheap and it is easy to arrange an automatic production.
We claim:
1. The method of producing electric contact material made of rhenium only, for use in electric switching means comprising the steps of subjecting discrete rhenium particles at least 70% of which have a diameter of at most 0.004 mm., at room temperature to a pressure between 6000 and 9000 kg./cm. for forming a compacted porous rhenium body having a porosity between 5 and 40 percent, and sintering said porous body for a period of 5 to 25 minutes at a temperature between l800 and 2150 C. for imparting a mechanical resistance sufiicient for the purpose to said porous body.
2. The modification of the method according to claim 1 comprising the step of sintering said porous body for a period of 10 to 25 minutes at a temperature between 1850 C. i40 C.
3. The modification of the method according to claim 1 comprising the step of sintering said porous body for a period of 5 to 10 minutes at a temperature between 2100 C. i40 C.
4. In the method according to claim 1, the step of applying said pressure to the rheniurn particles and shaping the same in form of contacts having a convex contact-making surface by means of a steel die to impart to the said surface a density higher than that of the remaining part of the porous body.
5. An electric contact material in form of a comparatively porous body composed of coherent rheniurn particles at least 70% of which have a diameter of at most 0.004 mm., the porosity of said body being between 5% and 40%.
6.. An electric contact material according to claim 5, wherein the said contact materialv is in form of a contact having a convex contact-making surface, the said surface having a density higher than the density of the remaining part of the contact;
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES. PATENTS 1,282,122 Pfanstiehl Oct. 22, 1918 1,359,353 Gebauer Nov. 16, 1920 1,829,756- Noddack et a1. Nov. 3, 1931 2,214,902 Herriger Sept. 17, 1940 2,422,439 Schwarzkopf June 17, 1947 OTHER REFERENCES Inorganic Syntheses (vol. I), Booth, first edition, published 1939 by McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. Pages 176 and 177 are relied on.
Materials and Methods, July 1946, pages 98-102, (Original in Scientific Library.)
Treatise on Powder Metallurgy, Goetzel-Goetzel, volume II, published 1950 by Interscience Publishers, Inc.,
20 New York. Page 709 is relied on.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE705199X | 1950-07-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2733319A true US2733319A (en) | 1956-01-31 |
Family
ID=20315570
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2733319D Expired - Lifetime US2733319A (en) | 1950-07-14 | Material for electric contacts |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2733319A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB705199A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2914639A (en) * | 1957-08-20 | 1959-11-24 | Royden R Freeland | Coaxial switch |
| US3146328A (en) * | 1961-11-07 | 1964-08-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Non-sticking electrical contacts |
| US3511953A (en) * | 1968-06-06 | 1970-05-12 | Guardian Electric Mfg Co | Silver rhenium electric contacts |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3027480A (en) * | 1958-12-15 | 1962-03-27 | Raytheon Co | Electron discharge device cathodes |
| FR2529022A1 (en) * | 1982-06-22 | 1983-12-23 | Doloise Metallurgique | Electrical contact - using a thin layer of material with a high mechanical resistance to prevent oxidation |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1282122A (en) * | 1915-07-12 | 1918-10-22 | Pfanstiehl Company Inc | Process for the production of ductile tungsten. |
| US1359353A (en) * | 1918-10-16 | 1920-11-16 | Charles L Gebauer | Mithod of producing formed metallic articles |
| US1829756A (en) * | 1925-06-18 | 1931-11-03 | Siemens Ag | Homogeneous body consisting of rhenium |
| US2214902A (en) * | 1938-12-02 | 1940-09-17 | Lorenz C Ag | Method of producing cathode materials |
| US2422439A (en) * | 1943-01-29 | 1947-06-17 | American Electro Metal Corp | Method of manufacturing composite structural materials |
-
0
- US US2733319D patent/US2733319A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1951
- 1951-07-13 GB GB16726/51A patent/GB705199A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1282122A (en) * | 1915-07-12 | 1918-10-22 | Pfanstiehl Company Inc | Process for the production of ductile tungsten. |
| US1359353A (en) * | 1918-10-16 | 1920-11-16 | Charles L Gebauer | Mithod of producing formed metallic articles |
| US1829756A (en) * | 1925-06-18 | 1931-11-03 | Siemens Ag | Homogeneous body consisting of rhenium |
| US2214902A (en) * | 1938-12-02 | 1940-09-17 | Lorenz C Ag | Method of producing cathode materials |
| US2422439A (en) * | 1943-01-29 | 1947-06-17 | American Electro Metal Corp | Method of manufacturing composite structural materials |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2914639A (en) * | 1957-08-20 | 1959-11-24 | Royden R Freeland | Coaxial switch |
| US3146328A (en) * | 1961-11-07 | 1964-08-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Non-sticking electrical contacts |
| US3511953A (en) * | 1968-06-06 | 1970-05-12 | Guardian Electric Mfg Co | Silver rhenium electric contacts |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB705199A (en) | 1954-03-10 |
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