US2727233A - Dielectric rod antenna - Google Patents
Dielectric rod antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2727233A US2727233A US634298A US63429845A US2727233A US 2727233 A US2727233 A US 2727233A US 634298 A US634298 A US 634298A US 63429845 A US63429845 A US 63429845A US 2727233 A US2727233 A US 2727233A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rods
- horn
- dielectric
- antenna
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
Definitions
- This invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly to an antenna array of dielectric rods having directive properties such that the peak intensity of the main lobe is shifted oh the axis of the array.
- Antennas for use with automatic tracking radar systems usually employ for the purpose of securing a conical scan either a paraboloid reflector having some means for displacing the feed with respect to the axis of the reflector, or a lobe-switching array of radiators with a means for changing periodically the relative phases of the currents exciting particular radiators in the array.
- Antennas employing the feed-displacement method of scanning usually present a severe mechanical problem in dynamic balancing because of the large moment of inertia involved when a long paraboloid feed is revolved at a high rate of speed or when the reflector is revolved about an axis diiferent from its own axis.
- Antennas of the lobe-switching type require the use of a switching or a phasing device capable of handling large amounts of radio frequency power at high rates of speed.
- One type of lobe-switching antenna which incorporates dielectric rods as radiating elements employs a probe inserted into each dielectric rod, together with suitable impedance matching means, to couple the energy from the transmission line to the radiating elements.
- FIG. 1 is an oblique cutaway view of an embodiment of this invention.
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line IIII of Fig. 1.
- a metal, compound electromagnetic horn 11 flared in two planes is connected at its throat to a waveguide transmission line 10.
- a rectangular metal box extension 13 is fastened to the mouth of the horn 11.
- dielectric rod radiators 16, 17, 18 and 19 (19 not shown) Disposed at each corner of the box 13 are dielectric rod radiators 16, 17, 18 and 19 (19 not shown) having square bases.
- the rods are mechanically fastened in position by a rectangular block 14 of dielectric material having its corners cut away to accept the square bases of the rods.
- Thin sheets 2t), 21, 22 and 23 of a suitable dielectric material are fastened between the rods to position and secure them.
- the space within the horn between the horn throat and the bases of dielectric rods 16 and 17 is filled in part with a phasing section 12 of dielectric material.
- Radio frequency energy introduced into the waveguide transmission line 10 will, under suitable conditions known to those familiar with the art, be propogated toward the horn throat and through the horn and dielectric rods into free space. Because of the difference in the velocity of propogation through the dielectric phasing section 12 between the horn throat and the rods 16 and 17 and that through the air between the horn throat and rods 18 and 19, the energy will arrive at the ends of rods 16 and 17 in a time phase diiferent from that at the ends of rods 18 and 19.
- the above described antenna can be rotated about its longitudinal axis to produce a conical scan if desired. Since the antenna can be made very nearly symmetrical about a central axis, the problem of dynamic balancing is relatively simple.
- Lobe switching can be effected, if such is desired, by the installation of a mechanical arrangement whereby the dielectric phasing section 12 is shifted between alternate pairs of rods, thus changing the direction of the peak intensity of the beam in the manner described above.
- An antenna comprising, ductive electromagnetic horn, said horn being flared in two planes and being connected at its throat to said transmission line, a rectangular metal box fastened to the mouth of said horn, said box having an open end, four dielectric rod radiators having square bases, the base of each of said rods being fastened in a corner of said box, a rectangular block of dielectric material fastened to said rods and said box, the corners of said block being removed to accept the square bases of said rods, four sheets of dielectric material fastened between adjacent rods to fix the relative positions of said rods, and a phasing section of dielectric material disposed between the bases of two of said rods and the throat of said horn.
- An antenna for producing a predetermined radiation pattern comprising a conductive electromagnetic horn flared in two planes, means for electrically coupling the throat of said horn to an external circuit, a plurality of dielectric rods, means for mechanically mounting said rods in rigid spaced relationship at the mouth of said horn in the direction of energy propagation, means for controlling the relative time phase of excitation of selected rods to displace the axis of directivity of energy propagation from the longitudinal axis of said horn.
- An antenna comprising, an electromagnetic horn, means for electrically coupling the throat of said horn to an external circuit, a plurality of dielectric rods, means for mechanically mounting said rods parallel to the axis of said horn, said rods being positioned at the mouth of said horn for receiving radiation therefrom, and dielectric coupling means for controlling the phase of excitation of a transmission line, a conselected rods to'shift the axis of directivity of energy propagation from theaxis of said born.
- An antenna for producing a predetermined radiation pattern comprising a conductive electromagnetic horn flared in-two planes, means'for electrically coupling the throat of said horn to an external circuit, a plurality of dielectric rods, means for mechanically coupling said rods perpendicular to the plane of the mouth of said horn, said rods being positioned at the mouth of said born for receiving radiation therefrom, and dielectric coupling means for controlling the phase of excitation of selected rods to control the relative time phase of the energy propagated by said selected rods whereby the axis of directivity of energy propagation is displaced.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Description
Dec. 13, 1955 J. EYGES' 3,727,233
DIELECTRIC ROD ANTENNA Filed Dec. 11, 1945 INVENTOR LEONARD J. EYGES ATTORNEY DIELECTRIC ROD ANTENNA Leonard J. Eyges, Cambridge, Mass., assignor, by mesne assignments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Application December 11, 1945, Serial No. 634,298 4 Claims. (Cl. 343-785) This invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly to an antenna array of dielectric rods having directive properties such that the peak intensity of the main lobe is shifted oh the axis of the array.
Antennas for use with automatic tracking radar systems usually employ for the purpose of securing a conical scan either a paraboloid reflector having some means for displacing the feed with respect to the axis of the reflector, or a lobe-switching array of radiators with a means for changing periodically the relative phases of the currents exciting particular radiators in the array.
Antennas employing the feed-displacement method of scanning usually present a severe mechanical problem in dynamic balancing because of the large moment of inertia involved when a long paraboloid feed is revolved at a high rate of speed or when the reflector is revolved about an axis diiferent from its own axis.
Antennas of the lobe-switching type require the use of a switching or a phasing device capable of handling large amounts of radio frequency power at high rates of speed. One type of lobe-switching antenna which incorporates dielectric rods as radiating elements employs a probe inserted into each dielectric rod, together with suitable impedance matching means, to couple the energy from the transmission line to the radiating elements.
It is an object of this invention to provide an antenna array of dielectric rods excited directly by an electromagnetic horn.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an antenna array having a beam directed along an axis difierent from the axis of the array.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an antenna array having a high power gain and directivity consistent with a small aperture normal to the planes of the main lobe.
These and other objects will be more apparent upon consideration of the following description together with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an oblique cutaway view of an embodiment of this invention; and
Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line IIII of Fig. 1.
With particular reference to Figs. 1 and 2, a metal, compound electromagnetic horn 11 flared in two planes is connected at its throat to a waveguide transmission line 10. A rectangular metal box extension 13 is fastened to the mouth of the horn 11. Disposed at each corner of the box 13 are dielectric rod radiators 16, 17, 18 and 19 (19 not shown) having square bases. The rods are mechanically fastened in position by a rectangular block 14 of dielectric material having its corners cut away to accept the square bases of the rods.
Thin sheets 2t), 21, 22 and 23 of a suitable dielectric material are fastened between the rods to position and secure them.
The space within the horn between the horn throat and the bases of dielectric rods 16 and 17 is filled in part with a phasing section 12 of dielectric material.
States Patent Radio frequency energy introduced into the waveguide transmission line 10 will, under suitable conditions known to those familiar with the art, be propogated toward the horn throat and through the horn and dielectric rods into free space. Because of the difference in the velocity of propogation through the dielectric phasing section 12 between the horn throat and the rods 16 and 17 and that through the air between the horn throat and rods 18 and 19, the energy will arrive at the ends of rods 16 and 17 in a time phase diiferent from that at the ends of rods 18 and 19. Thus a plane of equal phase of the energy taken in a region near the ends of the rods would not be normal to the longitudinal axes of the rods but would be inclined, so that a line in the direction of the peak intensity of the main lobe of the array would be displaced with respect to the axis of the array. The amount and direction of such displacement, assuming a fixed position of the rods, is a function of the diflerence between the electrical path length in the air within the horn and in the dielectric phasing section 12.
The above described antenna can be rotated about its longitudinal axis to produce a conical scan if desired. Since the antenna can be made very nearly symmetrical about a central axis, the problem of dynamic balancing is relatively simple.
Lobe switching can be effected, if such is desired, by the installation of a mechanical arrangement whereby the dielectric phasing section 12 is shifted between alternate pairs of rods, thus changing the direction of the peak intensity of the beam in the manner described above.
Since certain changes may be made in the above described article and different embodiments of the invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense, and therefore that the invention is to be limited only by the prior art and the spirit of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. An antenna comprising, ductive electromagnetic horn, said horn being flared in two planes and being connected at its throat to said transmission line, a rectangular metal box fastened to the mouth of said horn, said box having an open end, four dielectric rod radiators having square bases, the base of each of said rods being fastened in a corner of said box, a rectangular block of dielectric material fastened to said rods and said box, the corners of said block being removed to accept the square bases of said rods, four sheets of dielectric material fastened between adjacent rods to fix the relative positions of said rods, and a phasing section of dielectric material disposed between the bases of two of said rods and the throat of said horn.
2. An antenna for producing a predetermined radiation pattern comprising a conductive electromagnetic horn flared in two planes, means for electrically coupling the throat of said horn to an external circuit, a plurality of dielectric rods, means for mechanically mounting said rods in rigid spaced relationship at the mouth of said horn in the direction of energy propagation, means for controlling the relative time phase of excitation of selected rods to displace the axis of directivity of energy propagation from the longitudinal axis of said horn.
3. An antenna comprising, an electromagnetic horn, means for electrically coupling the throat of said horn to an external circuit, a plurality of dielectric rods, means for mechanically mounting said rods parallel to the axis of said horn, said rods being positioned at the mouth of said horn for receiving radiation therefrom, and dielectric coupling means for controlling the phase of excitation of a transmission line, a conselected rods to'shift the axis of directivity of energy propagation from theaxis of said born.
4. An antenna for producing a predetermined radiation pattern comprising a conductive electromagnetic horn flared in-two planes, means'for electrically coupling the throat of said horn to an external circuit, a plurality of dielectric rods, means for mechanically coupling said rods perpendicular to the plane of the mouth of said horn, said rods being positioned at the mouth of said born for receiving radiation therefrom, and dielectric coupling means for controlling the phase of excitation of selected rods to control the relative time phase of the energy propagated by said selected rods whereby the axis of directivity of energy propagation is displaced.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES" PATENTS Bowen Sept. 13, Southworth Sept. 13, King May 26, Barrow Oct. 13, Buchholz Mar. 7, Feldman et al. Dec. 3, Feldman Feb. 4, Becket a1 Mar. 4,
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US634298A US2727233A (en) | 1945-12-11 | 1945-12-11 | Dielectric rod antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US634298A US2727233A (en) | 1945-12-11 | 1945-12-11 | Dielectric rod antenna |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2727233A true US2727233A (en) | 1955-12-13 |
Family
ID=24543225
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US634298A Expired - Lifetime US2727233A (en) | 1945-12-11 | 1945-12-11 | Dielectric rod antenna |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2727233A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3271776A (en) * | 1962-12-28 | 1966-09-06 | Hazeltine Research Inc | Intercoupling lines for impedance matching of array antennas |
US3392396A (en) * | 1964-12-28 | 1968-07-09 | Hermann W. Ehrenspeck | Tunable endfire surface wave antenna |
WO1994011921A1 (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-05-26 | D-Mac International Limited | Antenna |
WO2003079491A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-25 | David Macfarlan Mitchell | Surface wave antenna |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2129669A (en) * | 1937-03-30 | 1938-09-13 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Guided wave transmission |
US2129711A (en) * | 1933-03-16 | 1938-09-13 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Guided transmission of ultra high frequency waves |
US2283935A (en) * | 1938-04-29 | 1942-05-26 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Transmission, radiation, and reception of electromagnetic waves |
US2298272A (en) * | 1938-09-19 | 1942-10-13 | Research Corp | Electromagnetic horn |
US2343531A (en) * | 1940-01-01 | 1944-03-07 | Gen Electric | Directive radiator |
US2411872A (en) * | 1942-06-11 | 1946-12-03 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave directive antenna |
US2415089A (en) * | 1942-05-28 | 1947-02-04 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave antennas |
US2416675A (en) * | 1941-11-26 | 1947-03-04 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Horn antenna system |
-
1945
- 1945-12-11 US US634298A patent/US2727233A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2129711A (en) * | 1933-03-16 | 1938-09-13 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Guided transmission of ultra high frequency waves |
US2129669A (en) * | 1937-03-30 | 1938-09-13 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Guided wave transmission |
US2283935A (en) * | 1938-04-29 | 1942-05-26 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Transmission, radiation, and reception of electromagnetic waves |
US2298272A (en) * | 1938-09-19 | 1942-10-13 | Research Corp | Electromagnetic horn |
US2343531A (en) * | 1940-01-01 | 1944-03-07 | Gen Electric | Directive radiator |
US2416675A (en) * | 1941-11-26 | 1947-03-04 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Horn antenna system |
US2415089A (en) * | 1942-05-28 | 1947-02-04 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave antennas |
US2411872A (en) * | 1942-06-11 | 1946-12-03 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave directive antenna |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3271776A (en) * | 1962-12-28 | 1966-09-06 | Hazeltine Research Inc | Intercoupling lines for impedance matching of array antennas |
US3392396A (en) * | 1964-12-28 | 1968-07-09 | Hermann W. Ehrenspeck | Tunable endfire surface wave antenna |
WO1994011921A1 (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-05-26 | D-Mac International Limited | Antenna |
WO2003079491A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-25 | David Macfarlan Mitchell | Surface wave antenna |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0376540B1 (en) | Compensated microwave feed horn | |
US3389394A (en) | Multiple frequency antenna | |
US3568204A (en) | Multimode antenna feed system having a plurality of tracking elements mounted symmetrically about the inner walls and at the aperture end of a scalar horn | |
KR0148253B1 (en) | Embedded surface wave antenna | |
US3146453A (en) | Shortened horn antenna with multiple phased feed | |
US2754513A (en) | Antenna | |
US3665480A (en) | Annular slot antenna with stripline feed | |
US2929065A (en) | Surface wave antenna | |
US3852762A (en) | Scanning lens antenna | |
US2846678A (en) | Dual frequency antenna | |
US3032762A (en) | Circularly arrayed slot antenna | |
US2965898A (en) | Antenna | |
US3500419A (en) | Dual frequency,dual polarized cassegrain antenna | |
US3268902A (en) | Dual frequency microwave aperturetype antenna providing similar radiation pattern on both frequencies | |
US3340534A (en) | Elliptically or circularly polarized antenna | |
US2562332A (en) | Tilted slot antenna | |
US3576579A (en) | Planar radial array with controllable quasi-optical lens | |
US2918673A (en) | Antenna feed system | |
US2727233A (en) | Dielectric rod antenna | |
US2473446A (en) | Antenna | |
US2894261A (en) | Antenna array | |
US2946055A (en) | Parasitic dipole slot antenna | |
US3364489A (en) | Traveling wave antenna having radiator elements with doubly periodic spacing | |
US3673606A (en) | Flush mounted steerable array antenna | |
US3238531A (en) | Electronically steerable narrow beam antenna system utilizing dipolar resonant plasma columns |