US2725900A

US2725900A - Loom having drum controlled heddles

Info

Publication number: US2725900A
Application number: US327293A
Authority: US
Inventors: Winfred P Leuszler
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1952-12-22
Filing date: 1952-12-22
Publication date: 1955-12-06
Anticipated expiration: 1972-12-06

Description

Dec. 6, 1955 w. P. LEUSZLER LOOM HAVING DRUM CONTROLLED HEDDLES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 22, 1952 a INVENTOR.

Wm/rea Leaaz/er ATTORN D 6, 1955 w. P. LEUSZLER LOOM HAVING DRUM CONTROLLED HEDDLES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 22, 1952 HAP W F 6', INVENTOR. Mhfld Zeasz/er United States Patent Ofitice 2,725,900 Patented Dec. 6, 1955 2,725,900 LOOM HAVING DRUM CONTROLLED HEDDLES Winfred P. Leuszler, Kansas City, Mo. Application December 22, 1952, Serial No. 327,293 2 Claims. (Cl. 139-30) This invention relates to thefield of interlacing yarn, threads, wires, strips or strands of various materials to produce cloth, fabrics, textiles, screening, fencing or allied such weaving operations.

It is the most important object of the present invention 'to provide improvements particularly adapted for use in hand looms having the usual principal motions of shedding, picking and beating up, but including novel mechanism for raising and lowering the harnesses to present a shed in the warp through which a shuttle carrying the filling is thrown.

shedding motion.

Other objects include the way a perforated drum having plugs disposed in a pre-selected arrangement is used to control harness movement; ,the manner of providing a single treadle to raise the harness and another treadle In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a loom having drum controlled heddles made pursuant to my present invention. r

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on irregilar line IIII'of Fig. 1. v

Fig.- 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line III'III ofFig'. 1. r 7

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken on line IVIV'-of-Fig..3.

Fig.3 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary taken on line V-V of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 6 is a detailed, fragmentary cross-sectional view taken on 1ine.VI V I of Fig. 5.

In its simplest form of loom, the leashes or harnesses, which govern the i cross-sectional view cables, and pulleys- Another type of hand-loom is operatedgbyacr'ank which revolves 'a'nurnber of cams acting'on levers connected to the heddles. By arranging the cams as desired, they operate in the required succession to produce a twill or pattern which may be variegated by increasing the number of cams and heddles. In other forms of hand-looms the proper motions are derived from the vibration of the batten.

The principles of the present invention have been shown in the drawings in connection with a hand-loom that is basically conventional in many respects. A pair of spaced, E-shaped

frames

10 and 12, having

end posts

14 and 16 and center plate 18, are joined by cross bars 20,

22, 24 and 26. Warp threads 28 or yarn roll 30 between

frames

10 and 12 at one end thereof and the finished cloth 32 is wound on a cloth beam 34. Let-ofi and take-up means is provided to pay off the 5 yarn 28 from beam 30 and wind the cloth 32 on beam 34 as is well understood.

From beam 30, warp 28 is passed over a roller 36 and carried through eyes 38 of heddles 40. There are a plurality of harnesses 42 vertically reciprocable between plates 18, each provided with bars 44 for receiving a number of the heddles 40. From eyes 38 thread's'28 pass through the dents or teeth 46 of reed 47 of a swingable batten 48 used to beat home and compact the weft-threads (not shown) as the work progresses. A projecting ledge 50 on batten 48 forms a path for a shuttle (not shown), which contains a cop on which the weft-yarn is wound.

in weaving plain cloth the warp is divided into two parts, each containing an alternate thread, which are alternately raised and lowered, allowing the Weft-thread to pass between a space or shed 52. Each half of the warp is alternately raised and lowered by means of harnesses 42. The shedding mechanism or structure for making the decussation and forming the shed 52 in which the shuttle travels and leaves the weft-thread forms the subject matter of the present invention. It will be'seen that the harnesses 42 may be lowered in regular alternation for plain weaving or in other order, according to the pattern through use of mechanism hereof in the same manner as has heretofore been provided.

At the outset it is pointed out that the plurality of sideby-side harnesses 42, confined between the plates 18-18 are guided in their reciprocable movement by a pair of sets of flanged rollers 54 on the inner faces of each plate 18 respectively. Harnesses 42 are all raised simultaneously by tipping a platform-like foot treadle 56, pivoted on shaft 57 and actuated by an operator seatedatthe front of the loom adjacent roller 58 and beam 34 for cloth 32.

A pair of T-shaped posts 60 underlie harnesses 42 and are vertically reciprocable in tubular bearings 62 fastened are wound on a beam to supports 64 depending from the spaced cross and 22. Bifurcated arms 66 are hinged to treadle 56 at the innermost end of the latter and to posts 60 as at 68 to provide a knee-action knuckle joint. 7

A pair of

uprights

70 and 72 depending from

cross bars

20 and 22 respectively and interconnected by brace means 74 (upright 72 being connected to cross bar 26) journal shaft 76 of a hollow, cylindrical drum 78 beneathharnesses 42 and between bearings 62 and posts 60. Drum 78 has a circumferential row of openings 80 for each harness respectively, the openings being transversely aligned as shown in Figs. 4 and 6. In the loom, chosen for illustration, there are eight harnesses 42 and accordingly drum 78 has eight annular rows of openings 80, each row containing fort -eight openings, there being, therefore, a total of three hundred eighty-four openings in drum 78, each adapted to receive a removable preferably rubber, plug 82.

Each harness 42 in turn is provided with a central pin 60 84 depending theerfrom in alignment with a corresponding row of openings 80 and adapted to pass one of the openplug 82 is removed and when harnesses 42 are lowered by manipulating treadle 56.

Drum 78 is rotated in either direction step-by-step through a toothed disc 86 connected thereto and having forty-eight teeth. A pair of spaced strips 88 depending from cross bar 22 carry swingable levers 90 having springs 92 holding the same against stops 94 and provided with 70 pawls 96 swingably secured thereto. Weights 98 on pawls 96 hold the latter against stops 100. Hinges 102 mount a pair of treadles 104, one for each lever 90 rebars 20 spectively, on cross bar 24, .cables 106 joining treadles 104 with levers 90.

More rapid advancement or retrograde movement may be imparted to drum 78 by hand through a sheave 108 on shaft 76. A cable 110 coiled about sheave 108 and secured thereto at its bight passes over pulleys 112 and wheels 114 on

frames

10 and 12, terminating-in weights 116 guided by rods 118 on posts 14. Graduated scales 129 on posts 14 indicate the position of drum 78 at all times and also aids the operator ashe' grasps weights 116 to rotate drum 78.

No particular skill is required to arrange the plugs 82 in drum 78 according to a desired pattern to be followed in the weaving operation. Th time-consuming, complicated task of connecting the harnesses with a. large number of treadles, as has heretofore been necessary, is entirely eliminated. During the weaving operations, only the treadle 56 and one of the treadles-104 need to be foot-operated. And the entire operation is virtually as simple regardless of the number of harnesses employed.

When treadle 56 is depressed from the position shown in Fig. 1 and swung on axis 57, arms 66 and posts 60 are raised to, in turn, raise all of the harnesses 42 simultaneously to a position where all of the pins 84 are out of engagement with drum 78. Thereupon the operator may step on one of the treadles 104 to swing the same downwardly from the position shown in Fig. l on its hinge 102. The corresponding cable 106 will swing its lever 90 to move the attached pawl :96 against disc 86 and advance drum 78 one step.

As the harnesses 42 are thereupon lowered, some of the pins 84 will each come to rest on a plug 82 and the remaining pins 84 Will each pass an opening 80 as is clear inFigs. and 6, all depending on the arrangement of the plugs 82. After throwing of the shuttle along ledge 50 through the shed 52 thus formed, the weft-thread is driven home by batten 48 and the step-up procedure repeated.

Retrograde movement of drum 78 may be produced by operational? the other treadle 104 while the pins 84 are elevated and the weaver can check the position of weights 116 relative to scales 120 to determine the position of drum 78, or manipulate weights 116 to speed up the rotation of drum 78 when greater movement is desired.

The prior art providing for various types of cylinder motions in shedding mechanisms and in means employed for moving harnesses in weaving machines is recognized. For example, the present invention is clearly distinguishable from the well-known jacquard mechanism placed above a loom for the purpose of automatically selecting and raising the desired warp ends to form the required shed forthe insertion of each pick or filling.

In the first place the harness of a jacquard is entirely different from the harness of the loom herein disclosed or that of looms employing cams or dobbies. The harness line of the jacquard having a warp-receiving mail and a weight or lingoe on its hanger is not contemplated by the present invention.

Secondly, the jacquard uses perforated cards laced around a cylinder through which cards certain needles pass, causing selected harness lines to rise as a gritf is raised and engages jacquard hooks within its path of travel, the lingoe operating to lower the hooks when the grid? drops. Thus, the pattern which is perforated on the card is reproduced upon the tissue in the loom, The

chain of perforated cards passing over a drum for passing warp threads shall be raised is therefore not to be confused with the manner of using a perforated drum for preselecting a pattern or figure to be reproduced on the fabric as in the present invention.

Looms having a dobby with the harness controlling mechanism are also not li-ke :the improvements herein set forth. Pattern chains are employed and provided with pins whichacton hooks or jacks connected-with a series of levers that. arelin turn,coupled.withlthe harness frames. Means engaging the hooks selected by the pins raises the harness frames that'are necessary 'toproduce thepattern.

It is recognized further that shedding-mechanism having an under-cam motion with the cams arranged beneath the harnesses has heretofore been employed.

In the present invention, however, treadles for each harness respectively have been entirely eliminated as have the cables attached to thezharnessesand' the accompanyingpulleys and, sheaves. Instead of raisingand/ or lowering the harnesses by; cams therebeneath or elsewhere on the loom, jthe harnessesare raised by suitablemeehanism, such as by a single treadle in ahand 100m, and permitted to descend according to the pattern 'tdesired by means in their pathsof descent that will. either pass or intercept depending, pins ,orpegs .on..the harnesses'themselves. Thereareno books: that move into or out of thepath of travel of a griffithe use of perforated bars on a chain with pegs to raisecorresponding index. fingers is not contemplated, and the. employmentofweights to lower harness lines or springs to maintain the harnesses yieldably biased toward one endof-theiripaths of. travel are unnecessary.

Having thus describedthe invention, what is claimed as new and desireddobe, secured? by Letters-Patent is:

1. In a hand loom including a plurality of side-by-side, vertically reciprocable harnesses, a-rotatable pattern drum having a circumferential rowof openings for each harness respectively, a pin depending;from each harness respectively in alignment with the corresponding row of openings and a plurality of lugs in selected openings forblocking the travel of correspondingpins toestablish'a pattern, releasable meansfor raisingjhe harnesses and the pins to a position spaced from said drum; and drum control structure including a pair of selectively operatcdlevers, each having parts engageable with,,said drum for stepy-step rotation thereof through the .distance between ladjoining rows, one of said levers being operable to step the drum in one direction, the other-ofsaidlevers being operable to step the drum in the opposite direction, said drum being rotatable only when theharnesses are in said position.

2. A hand loom as set forth in claim 1 wherein said structure includes means operably ,coupled'with said drum for rotating the latter through the,dist ance between one or more. of .saidrows and means associated therewith-for determining which of .said rows-isin alignment with said pins.

References Cited inthe file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 320 Garsed July 24, 1855 7,387 Shuttleworth -1May 21, 1850 557,295 Wicks ....Mar.31, 1896 626,149 Desmarais et;al. May 30, 1899 1,678,121 Leveillee Iuly 24, 1928