US2717327A - Velocity modulation devices - Google Patents

Velocity modulation devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2717327A
US2717327A US2355A US235548A US2717327A US 2717327 A US2717327 A US 2717327A US 2355 A US2355 A US 2355A US 235548 A US235548 A US 235548A US 2717327 A US2717327 A US 2717327A
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United States
Prior art keywords
guide
potential
wave
guides
velocity modulation
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US2355A
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English (en)
Inventor
Touraton Emile
Zwobada Rene
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/16—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/28—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is perpendicular to the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/30—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is perpendicular to the axis of the resonator or resonators and is radial or disc-like before reflection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tubes. v I
  • One object of the present invention is a velocit'yfmodulation tube of the reiiex type, in which progressive wave guides are used instead of resonating volumes.
  • Fig. 1 shows in cross-section a velocity modulation tube incorporating features of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken along the line 2 2 of Figure 1.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 show curves useful for understanding the operation of the velocity modulation tubes of the present invention, and v Figs. 5 to 7 show other embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a velocity modulation tube incorporating features of the invention which comprises a wave guide 1 and a wave guide 2 brought to a given potential and through which a at beam of electrons, emitted by an elongated cathode 3, flows in succession.
  • the flat electron beam is reected by the decelerating field produced by a reflector 4 and successively flows through wave guide 2 and wave guide 1 from the reflector, and is finally attracted by the bottom part of guide 1 as shown in Figure 2 by a dotted line.
  • the dimensions and the potentials of the'various elements are chosen in such a way that the transit time of the electrons in each guide be equal to T/4, T being the period of the oscillation, which varies according to the potential of the reflector.
  • T being the period of the oscillation, which varies according to the potential of the reflector.
  • the total value ofthe transit time for both guides is therefore T/2. It is also necessary that the time elapsing between two successive passages of the unmodulated electrons in the centre of guide No. 1 be equal to KT -l-T/4, where K is an integer.
  • Wave guide 1 is terminated on the left by a load 6 which must be equal to the characteristic impedance of the guide.
  • Guide 2 is terminated on the right in its characteristic impedance 7.
  • the left end of guide 2 feeds the right end of guide 1 through a connection without reection, in such a way that at two points 8 and 9 of the same vertical section of guides 1 and 2, the wave travelling in guide 1 is lagging one fourth of a period behind the wave travelling in guide 2.
  • the electron beam is suitably hunched at its second passage in guide 2 and that the high-frequency potential in the guide is such that the bunches of electrons of the beam be retarded.
  • These bunches of electrons take one quarter of a period to go from guide 2 to guide 1. Since the wave which travels in guide 1 lags one-fourth of a period behind the wave which travels in guide 2, the bunches of electrons are slowed down again in guide 1.
  • the beam will therefore give up energy to guide 2 and then to guide 1 and it is possible to pick up this energy.
  • the time of travel in the two guides is sufficiently' short so that the electrons remain grouped together.
  • FIG. 3 shows the high-frequency potentialsA ofvthe guides, the distancefrom the origin of. each guide being given along theabscissa and the high-frequencypoten tials ofi the guidesin the ordinates.
  • the potential zincach point ofguide 1. isequal Vto the sum of the potential prevailing at the right-endof guide'2 plus an additional potential proportional: to .the distance from this point to the beginning of guide 1 (see-Fig. 3 curve-10).
  • each point of guide 2 is proportional to the distance from this vpoint-tothe -leftend of the guide (see Fig. 3', curve 1.1).
  • s f y Fig. ,4 shows the high Afrequency potential inboth guides in vectorial form, showing the lag of Vone fourth of a'p'eriod of the potential of guide 1 (shown by vector 12) behind the potential of guide 2 .(shown by vector 13).
  • the resulting electron modulation is equivalent to a modulation by a single potential, in phase with potential of guide 1 and equal in absolute value to the difference of the absolute values of the potential of guides l and 2. Since this difference is constant for all [the points of the guide, as may be seen on Fig. 3, the electron beam is uniformly modulated on the whole length Tof the guides.
  • the potential of the reflector is adjusted so that the oscillationfwhich takes place has a given wavelength.
  • the reflector potential is slightly changed, for instance in such a,l way that the transit time be increased, there will be a drift of the oscillations towards longer wavelengths so that the number of periods included in the transit time of the electrons remain the same. It will thus be possible to vary the 'frequency of oscillation of the tube by a mere change in the'potential of the reflector. This frequency drift may be large, for
  • Fig. 5 shows a top view of a velocity modulated tube incorporating features of the invention and Fig. 6 a sectional view along thereof.
  • two guides 14 and 15 are connected end to end, :'and wound spirally. They have a common wall and are therefore at the same potential, their length is equal to (K4-Mal), l being a value close to the oscillation wavelength of the tube and K an integer.
  • Cathode 17 and the focussing system 18 of the cathode ray beam are external to the spirals.
  • Reflector 19 is located inside the spiral and its shape is adapted to reflect the beam in a given direction.
  • FIG. 7 With reference to Figure 7 there is shown a velocity L modulation tube incorporating a further embodiment of this invention.
  • Helically wound wave guide of two turns is used in this embodiment.
  • the helically wound wave guide forms two wave guides 20 and 21, one above the other between a cathode 22 and a reector 23 each of which is formed as a single turn of a helix.
  • a high frequency electronic device comprising an elongated cathode electrode, an elongated reector electrode whose length runs in substantially the same direction as that of the cathode electrode, said electrodes being spaced apart a given distance throughout their length, wave guide lengths disposed adjacent each other in overlapping relation between said electrodes and spaced the scope y tererom, waive guide .lengths being connected to each. ⁇ otherand. having. openings therethrough, substantially co-extensive with said electrodes and in alignment therewith, the transit time of an electron between corresponding points; in. saidopenings being a: quarter of.
  • a high frequency electronic device according to claim 1;, .wherein saidwave guide lengths comprise a continuousvwave guide structure 3.
  • a high frequency electronic device wherein the wave guide lengthscornprise parts of a helically wound wave guide.
  • a high frequencyrerlectronic device wherein said electrodes are disposed in parallel planes, andv the wave guide lengths areldisposed'f between said planes.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US2355A 1947-01-17 1948-01-15 Velocity modulation devices Expired - Lifetime US2717327A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2717327X 1947-01-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2717327A true US2717327A (en) 1955-09-06

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US (1) US2717327A (fr)
FR (1) FR941522A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2903578A (en) * 1952-10-21 1959-09-08 Nat Res Dev Travelling wave linear particle accelerators
US2928021A (en) * 1957-08-19 1960-03-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Duplex traveling-wave tube amplifier
US3971966A (en) * 1975-08-14 1976-07-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Planar ring bar travelling wave tube
EP0191790A1 (fr) * 1984-07-30 1986-08-27 The Commonwealth Of Australia Dispositif de retard pour guides d'ondes
US5227701A (en) * 1988-05-18 1993-07-13 Mcintyre Peter M Gigatron microwave amplifier

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2122538A (en) * 1935-01-22 1938-07-05 American Telephone & Telegraph Wave amplifier
US2153728A (en) * 1936-10-07 1939-04-11 American Telephone & Telegraph Ultra high frequency signaling
US2367295A (en) * 1940-05-17 1945-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2402184A (en) * 1941-05-03 1946-06-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device contained within wave guides
US2450026A (en) * 1941-08-29 1948-09-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Thermionic device for use with wave guides
US2457524A (en) * 1945-05-26 1948-12-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave guide repeater
US2462087A (en) * 1943-04-19 1949-02-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type
US2509374A (en) * 1946-06-07 1950-05-30 Philco Corp Electromagnetic wave amplifier

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2122538A (en) * 1935-01-22 1938-07-05 American Telephone & Telegraph Wave amplifier
US2153728A (en) * 1936-10-07 1939-04-11 American Telephone & Telegraph Ultra high frequency signaling
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2367295A (en) * 1940-05-17 1945-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2402184A (en) * 1941-05-03 1946-06-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device contained within wave guides
US2450026A (en) * 1941-08-29 1948-09-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Thermionic device for use with wave guides
US2462087A (en) * 1943-04-19 1949-02-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type
US2457524A (en) * 1945-05-26 1948-12-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave guide repeater
US2509374A (en) * 1946-06-07 1950-05-30 Philco Corp Electromagnetic wave amplifier

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2903578A (en) * 1952-10-21 1959-09-08 Nat Res Dev Travelling wave linear particle accelerators
US2928021A (en) * 1957-08-19 1960-03-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Duplex traveling-wave tube amplifier
US3971966A (en) * 1975-08-14 1976-07-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Planar ring bar travelling wave tube
EP0191790A1 (fr) * 1984-07-30 1986-08-27 The Commonwealth Of Australia Dispositif de retard pour guides d'ondes
EP0191790A4 (fr) * 1984-07-30 1987-01-20 Commw Of Australia Dispositif de retard pour guides d'ondes.
US5227701A (en) * 1988-05-18 1993-07-13 Mcintyre Peter M Gigatron microwave amplifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR941522A (fr) 1949-01-13

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