US2716059A - Photographic transfer process - Google Patents

Photographic transfer process Download PDF

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Publication number
US2716059A
US2716059A US267447A US26744752A US2716059A US 2716059 A US2716059 A US 2716059A US 267447 A US267447 A US 267447A US 26744752 A US26744752 A US 26744752A US 2716059 A US2716059 A US 2716059A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion layer
emulsion
gelatin
sheet
subject
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US267447A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henry C Yutzy
Edward C Yackel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE517065D priority Critical patent/BE517065A/xx
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US267447A priority patent/US2716059A/en
Priority to GB1825/53A priority patent/GB726542A/en
Priority to FR1092962D priority patent/FR1092962A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2716059A publication Critical patent/US2716059A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
    • G03C5/315—Tanning development

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photography and more particularly to a photomechanical copy method for use in the reproduction of printed matter.
  • a simple photographic method including difierentially hardening silver salt emulsion layers and transferring unhardened strata of such layers to a support to obtain useful images.
  • a substantially unhardened colloid-silver halide emulsion layer preferably containing a colloid tanning silver halide developing agent is exposed to a two-tone subject and after development in the presence of alkali a stratum of the unexposed region of the emulsion layer is transferred to a receiving sheet by merely pressing the sheet into contact with the developed emulsion layer and peeling off the sheet with a stratum of the unexposed region of the emulsion adhered thereto.
  • the stratum of emulsion obtained on the receiving sheet have sufficient optical density that it is readily visible.
  • colored matter was either initially incorporated into the emulsion layer before exposure or subsequently was formed in the stratum of transferred emulsion layer, for example, by exposure of the transferred stratum to light followed by heating if desired to accelerate development of the silver halide in the stratum.
  • Our above-mentioned invention also proposed for certain purposes to 2,716,059 Patented Aug. 23, 1955 incorporate into the substantially unhardened emulsion layer containing a tanning developing agent, a second developing agent such as a color developing agent.
  • the silver halide is developed partly by both developing agents but tanning development is kept below a required minimum so that the gelatin in this area although slightly tanned is not sufliciently tanned to prevent transfer.
  • the silver thus formed by tanning and 1 the nontanning development is sufficient to contribute very considerably to the density of the transferred image which constitutes an important advantage since no further treatment of the receiving sheet after transfer is necessary.
  • the reduction of the degree of tanning in the relatively unexposed areas is also an advantage since it tends to allow transfer of those areas to the receiving sheet more easily.
  • the result of reflex exposure is that the emulsion is partially but uniformly exposed by the general exposure through the support, and areas of the emulsion layer corresponding to the highlights of the subject will receive appreciably more exposure than the areas corresponding to the shadows of the subject, and tanning development proceeds principally in the areas of the emulsion corresponding to the highlights in the subject although silver is formed throughout the emulsion layer. Similar effects are obtained when the exposure is made by other contact and projection printing methods.
  • tanning developing agents are of silverihalide
  • 340 grams of gelatin and 5700 grams of water was jelled, noodled and washed for one-half hour 650 grams of 8% aqueous saponin solution 680 grams of dispersion A (a dispersion of 4-phenyl catechol prepared by dissolving 50 grams of 4-phenyl catechol in 75 grams of dibutyl phthalateat 80" C. and pouring it into a vigorously stirred solution of 50 grams of gelatin in 50 grams of 8% aqueous saponin solution and in 500 cc. of Water at 40 C.)
  • dispersion A a dispersion of 4-phenyl catechol prepared by dissolving 50 grams of 4-phenyl catechol in 75 grams of dibutyl phthalateat 80" C. and pouring it into a vigorously stirred solution of 50 grams of gelatin in 50 grams of 8% aqueous saponin solution and in 500 cc. of Water at 40 C.
  • tanning developing agents especially useful because of nonwandering characteristics in emulsion layers are those having a solubility at 20 C. of from about .005 to".l.0 gram per 100 cc. of a phosphate-citric acid bulfer'solution of pH 5.0 prepared from a 1.5% solution 'mentioned diphenyl compounds are preferred because they possess the combination of the common properties, high rate of development, high tanning efficiency, and
  • the desired I compounds are, for example, those mentioned and having the mentioned characteristics.
  • tanning developing agents as hydroquinone and pyrocatechol, in absence of sulfite, are used, they are less desirable but useful results may be obtained.
  • Compounds like 2- hydroxy-amino diphenyl or 3,4-diamino diphenyl are not especially useful because of their poor stability or failure. to tan.” It'is, therefore, apparent that after exposure to a subject the differential hardening of the exposed emulsion can take place in the presence of a a tanning developing agent and that this includes whether or not the agent is in the emulsion before exposure.
  • the concentration of tanning or mixed tanning and non-tanning developing agents in the emulsion is dependent in part upon the result-desired but can be of the order of 350 grams'of developing agent per kg. of silver nitrate, converted to silverhalide, usedin making the emulsion to obtain good density,-or about 250 grams per kg. of silver nitrate to obtain adequate density and an emulsion having optimum keeping properties.
  • the emulsion layer be not harder than would be the case with gelatin containing 0.25 oz. of formalde-.
  • nontanning developing agents are preferably used in the emulsions in a a proportion of approximately to percent of total developing, agent, the balance of the developing agent, to percent, being the tanning developing agent.
  • the subject 12 and emulsion layer 11 are arranged and exposed as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings.
  • the amount of exposure depends of course upon a number of factors such as the contrast of the subject, emulsion sensitivity and light source and should be regulated so that the regions 13 corresponding to the shadows of the subject are not unduly exposed. Exposure results in partially and uniformly exposing the emulsion with the light coming through the support, and latent images will be obtained in both areas 13 and 14' corresponding to the shadow and highlight regions respectively, the relative amounts of latent image obtained in these areas of the emulsion layer being dependent somewhat upon the contrast of the subject.
  • an alkaline solution such as four'percent sodium carbonate solution containing sixpercent urea
  • urea or other gelatin softener in the alkaline developing reflex exposure, development is'carried out by use of solutions of our invention to facilitate transfer of the stratum of unhardened emulsion.
  • softeners such as formamide, ethylene chlorohydrin, and sodium nitrate can be used in the alkaline developing solution or in a separate solutionfollowing development in concentration of the order of 2 to. 20 percentto ac-Y commodate-variations which maybe encountered with different emulsions and conditions of' development.
  • alkaline developer solutions useful contain four percent sodium carbonate, six percent urea and preferably containing not more than approximately the below-indicated concentrations .of any] With proper selection of exposure time,
  • nontanning developing agent used in the emulsion layer is capable of coupling with itself during development with the alkaline solution.
  • s-hydroxy-a-naphthol and 4-methoxy-a-naphthol are representative of such developing agents. Their use results in a dye being formed in the developed emulsion layer in both the shadow and highlight areas which adds to the density in the shadow region, strata of which are subsequently transferred to the receiving sheet.
  • a method of photographic reproduction which comprises exposing to a two-tone subject a substantially unhardened gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer containing a mixture of a developing agent of the class consisting of 3,4-dihydroxy diphenyl, 2,5-dihydroxy diphenyl and 2,3-dihydroxy diphenyl, and a developing agent of the class consisting of N-methyl-p-aminophenol-x-sulfonic acid, p-hydroxy-anilino-methane sulfonic acid, pyrogallol dimethyl ether, 8-hydroxy-a-naphthol and 4- methoxy-u-naphthol, said emulsion layer being not harder than a gelatin layer containing 0.7 gram of formaldehyde per pound of gelatin freshly coated, developing the exposed emulsion layer with an alkaline solution to obtain a hardened gelatin and silver image in the region of exposure to the high-light area of the subject and substantially unhardened
  • a method of photographic reproduction which comprises exposing to a two-tone subject a substantially unhardened gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer containing a mixture of approximately 60 to percent of the total developing agent, of a developing agent of the class consisting of 3,4-dihydroxy diphenyl, 2,5-dihydroxy diphenyl and 2,3-dihydroxy diphenyl, and approximately 40 to 35 percent of a developing agent of the class consisting of N-methyl-p-arninophenol-x-sulfonic acid, p-hydroxy-anilino-methane sulfonic acid, pyrogallol dimethyl ether, 8-hydroxy-wnaphthol and 4-methoxy-anaphthol, said emulsion layer being not harder than a gelatin layer containing 0.7 gram of formaldehyde per pound of gelatin freshly coated, developing the exposed emulsion layer with an alkaline solution to obtain a hardened gelatin and silver image in the region of exposure
  • a method of photographic reproduction which comprises exposing to a two-tone subject a substantially unhardened gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer so as to obtain some exposure in the areas of the emulsion layer corresponding to the shadow areas of the subject and appreciably more exposure in the areas of the emulsion layer corresponding to the hightlight areas of the subject, said emulsion being not harder than a gelatin layer containing 0.7 gram of formaldehyde per pound of gelatin freshly coated, developing said exposed emulsion layer with an alkaline solution in the presence of both a gelatin tanning silver halide developing agent and a substantially non-tanning silver halide developing agent to obtain a hardened gelatin and silver image in the areas of the emulsion layer corresponding to the highlights of the subject, and substantially unhardened gelatin, silver and silver halide in the areas of the emulsion layer corresponding to the shadows of the subject, said development being such as to prevent any substantial tanning of the emulsion layer in

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US267447A 1952-01-21 1952-01-21 Photographic transfer process Expired - Lifetime US2716059A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE517065D BE517065A (d) 1952-01-21
US267447A US2716059A (en) 1952-01-21 1952-01-21 Photographic transfer process
GB1825/53A GB726542A (en) 1952-01-21 1953-01-21 Improvements in processes of photographic reproduction
FR1092962D FR1092962A (fr) 1952-01-21 1953-01-21 Perfectionnement à la reproduction photographique de documents

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US267447A US2716059A (en) 1952-01-21 1952-01-21 Photographic transfer process

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US2716059A true US2716059A (en) 1955-08-23

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US267447A Expired - Lifetime US2716059A (en) 1952-01-21 1952-01-21 Photographic transfer process

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BE (1) BE517065A (d)
FR (1) FR1092962A (d)
GB (1) GB726542A (d)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2763553A (en) * 1947-11-04 1956-09-18 Eastman Kodak Co Lithographic offset printing process
US2835575A (en) * 1955-04-05 1958-05-20 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic reproduction process
US2852371A (en) * 1956-11-20 1958-09-16 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic duplicating process
US2903964A (en) * 1955-01-24 1959-09-15 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic spirit duplicating process
US2944899A (en) * 1956-10-04 1960-07-12 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilization of photographic silver halide emulsions
US3010391A (en) * 1954-06-29 1961-11-28 Grinten Chem L V D Light-sensitive sheets and process for producing transfer images
US3043687A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-07-10 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic colloid transfer process
US3043688A (en) * 1959-05-20 1962-07-10 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic colloid transfer process
US3060022A (en) * 1959-07-13 1962-10-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Image transfer process
US3062648A (en) * 1960-02-09 1962-11-06 Eastman Kodak Co Photographically sensitive lithographic printing plate
US3080230A (en) * 1956-02-18 1963-03-05 Agfa Ag Photographic stratum transfer process and element therefor
US3079858A (en) * 1956-02-25 1963-03-05 Agfa Ag Process for the production of printing forms
US3091531A (en) * 1961-02-23 1963-05-28 Eastman Kodak Co Hardening gelatin-silver halide lithographic offset printing plates
US3128180A (en) * 1958-07-02 1964-04-07 Eastman Kodak Co Hardened high-contrast photographic silver chloride emulsions and method of processing
US3143414A (en) * 1961-03-02 1964-08-04 Eastman Kodak Co Process for preparing direct positives
US3148060A (en) * 1962-10-16 1964-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co Colloid transfer process and activator solution therefor
US3180731A (en) * 1962-03-14 1965-04-27 Eastman Kodak Co Photothermographic elements and method of using same
US3189449A (en) * 1962-10-01 1965-06-15 Eastman Kodak Co Colloid stratum transfer process
US3189448A (en) * 1962-08-22 1965-06-15 Eastman Kodak Co Developing compositions used in photographic transfer processes
US3206308A (en) * 1959-12-28 1965-09-14 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic stratum transfer process and developing compositions therefor
US3234021A (en) * 1958-04-28 1966-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Photocopying and transfer process involving photopolymerization
US3240600A (en) * 1963-01-16 1966-03-15 Eastman Kodak Co Colloid transfer process
US3240599A (en) * 1961-09-28 1966-03-15 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic colloid stratum transfer process
US3287129A (en) * 1963-01-16 1966-11-22 Eastman Kodak Co Light-sensitive photographic elements containing developing agent precursors
US3300307A (en) * 1963-01-18 1967-01-24 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic developer composition
US3301677A (en) * 1963-09-30 1967-01-31 Agfa Ag Photographic images and printing forms prepared by heat development
US3340063A (en) * 1963-09-04 1967-09-05 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic colloid transfer system
US3345170A (en) * 1964-06-05 1967-10-03 Eastman Kodak Co Light sensitive photographic elements containing developing agent precursors
US3409430A (en) * 1959-07-15 1968-11-05 Zindler Lumoprint Kg Method of making copies by diffusion transfer
DE1283676B (de) * 1962-08-20 1968-11-21 Eastman Kodak Co Bildempfangsmaterial zum Empfang von nicht gehaerteten Bildteilen einer Silberhalogenidemulsionsschicht

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US742405A (en) * 1901-12-17 1903-10-27 Farbenfabriken Elberfeld Co Photographic plate and process of making same.
US2214446A (en) * 1938-05-10 1940-09-10 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Photographic development of silver halide layers
FR873005A (fr) * 1940-08-03 1942-06-26 Mimosa Ag Procédé pour le développement rapide des images photographiques
GB549956A (en) * 1941-05-14 1942-12-16 Kodak Ltd Improvements relating to self-developable photographic materials
US2315966A (en) * 1940-04-15 1943-04-06 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsion
US2352014A (en) * 1941-07-21 1944-06-20 Rott Andre Photomechanical printing process and printing material for carrying out the same
US2409959A (en) * 1944-05-17 1946-10-22 Polaroid Corp Method of forming images of dichroic materials
US2592368A (en) * 1947-11-04 1952-04-08 Eastman Kodak Co Gelatine silver halide emulsion layer containing a dihydroxy diphenyl tanning developing agent
US2596754A (en) * 1947-11-04 1952-05-13 Eastman Kodak Co Photomechanical copy method

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US742405A (en) * 1901-12-17 1903-10-27 Farbenfabriken Elberfeld Co Photographic plate and process of making same.
US2214446A (en) * 1938-05-10 1940-09-10 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Photographic development of silver halide layers
US2315966A (en) * 1940-04-15 1943-04-06 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsion
FR873005A (fr) * 1940-08-03 1942-06-26 Mimosa Ag Procédé pour le développement rapide des images photographiques
GB549956A (en) * 1941-05-14 1942-12-16 Kodak Ltd Improvements relating to self-developable photographic materials
US2352014A (en) * 1941-07-21 1944-06-20 Rott Andre Photomechanical printing process and printing material for carrying out the same
US2409959A (en) * 1944-05-17 1946-10-22 Polaroid Corp Method of forming images of dichroic materials
US2592368A (en) * 1947-11-04 1952-04-08 Eastman Kodak Co Gelatine silver halide emulsion layer containing a dihydroxy diphenyl tanning developing agent
US2596754A (en) * 1947-11-04 1952-05-13 Eastman Kodak Co Photomechanical copy method
US2596756A (en) * 1947-11-04 1952-05-13 Eastman Kodak Co Photomechanical copy method

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2763553A (en) * 1947-11-04 1956-09-18 Eastman Kodak Co Lithographic offset printing process
US3010391A (en) * 1954-06-29 1961-11-28 Grinten Chem L V D Light-sensitive sheets and process for producing transfer images
US2903964A (en) * 1955-01-24 1959-09-15 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic spirit duplicating process
US2835575A (en) * 1955-04-05 1958-05-20 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic reproduction process
US3080230A (en) * 1956-02-18 1963-03-05 Agfa Ag Photographic stratum transfer process and element therefor
US3079858A (en) * 1956-02-25 1963-03-05 Agfa Ag Process for the production of printing forms
US2944899A (en) * 1956-10-04 1960-07-12 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilization of photographic silver halide emulsions
US2852371A (en) * 1956-11-20 1958-09-16 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic duplicating process
US3234021A (en) * 1958-04-28 1966-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Photocopying and transfer process involving photopolymerization
US3128180A (en) * 1958-07-02 1964-04-07 Eastman Kodak Co Hardened high-contrast photographic silver chloride emulsions and method of processing
US3043687A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-07-10 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic colloid transfer process
US3043688A (en) * 1959-05-20 1962-07-10 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic colloid transfer process
US3060022A (en) * 1959-07-13 1962-10-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Image transfer process
US3409430A (en) * 1959-07-15 1968-11-05 Zindler Lumoprint Kg Method of making copies by diffusion transfer
US3206308A (en) * 1959-12-28 1965-09-14 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic stratum transfer process and developing compositions therefor
US3062648A (en) * 1960-02-09 1962-11-06 Eastman Kodak Co Photographically sensitive lithographic printing plate
US3091531A (en) * 1961-02-23 1963-05-28 Eastman Kodak Co Hardening gelatin-silver halide lithographic offset printing plates
US3143414A (en) * 1961-03-02 1964-08-04 Eastman Kodak Co Process for preparing direct positives
US3240599A (en) * 1961-09-28 1966-03-15 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic colloid stratum transfer process
US3180731A (en) * 1962-03-14 1965-04-27 Eastman Kodak Co Photothermographic elements and method of using same
DE1283676B (de) * 1962-08-20 1968-11-21 Eastman Kodak Co Bildempfangsmaterial zum Empfang von nicht gehaerteten Bildteilen einer Silberhalogenidemulsionsschicht
US3189448A (en) * 1962-08-22 1965-06-15 Eastman Kodak Co Developing compositions used in photographic transfer processes
US3189449A (en) * 1962-10-01 1965-06-15 Eastman Kodak Co Colloid stratum transfer process
US3148060A (en) * 1962-10-16 1964-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co Colloid transfer process and activator solution therefor
US3240600A (en) * 1963-01-16 1966-03-15 Eastman Kodak Co Colloid transfer process
US3287129A (en) * 1963-01-16 1966-11-22 Eastman Kodak Co Light-sensitive photographic elements containing developing agent precursors
US3300307A (en) * 1963-01-18 1967-01-24 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic developer composition
US3340063A (en) * 1963-09-04 1967-09-05 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic colloid transfer system
US3301677A (en) * 1963-09-30 1967-01-31 Agfa Ag Photographic images and printing forms prepared by heat development
US3345170A (en) * 1964-06-05 1967-10-03 Eastman Kodak Co Light sensitive photographic elements containing developing agent precursors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE517065A (d)
GB726542A (en) 1955-03-23
FR1092962A (fr) 1955-04-28

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