US2702370A - Pulse-modulated traveling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields - Google Patents

Pulse-modulated traveling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields Download PDF

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Publication number
US2702370A
US2702370A US416668A US41666854A US2702370A US 2702370 A US2702370 A US 2702370A US 416668 A US416668 A US 416668A US 41666854 A US41666854 A US 41666854A US 2702370 A US2702370 A US 2702370A
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Prior art keywords
cathode
tube
electrode
pulse
auxiliary electrode
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US416668A
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English (en)
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Lerbs Alfred
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/44—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to well-known amplifier, oscillator or multiplier ultra-high frequency tubes, in which an electron beam propagates at right angles with an electric and a magnetic field, the latter fields being perpendicular to each other.
  • the electric field is-established between two electrodes which are approximately parallel to the beam, the positive electrode, or anode, being. in the form of adelay line.
  • the twofields are so adjusted that thebeam-velocity' is. equal to the phase velocity of aspace harmonic of an ultra-high frequency wave propagating along'the delayline.
  • an auxiliary electrode is provided in the tube, this electrode being" separated from the anode and located opposite the cathode; this electrode is connected to said cathode,- being brought thereby to potential thereof, or abiasing voltage is applied thereto,
  • a grid is provided between the auxiliary electrode and the cathodethis grid bei'ngbrought, for the duration of the modulating pulses, to a potential intermediate between auxiliary electrode. and cathode potentials.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an amplifier tube according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows very diagrammatically an end view of the tube shown in Fig. 1;
  • Figs. 3 to 7 show various embodiments of the electrodes used according to the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows an oscillator according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a travelling Wave amplifier of rectilinear structure, with crossed electric and magnetic fields.
  • the tube comprises a delay line 2 and a parallel negative electrode 4.
  • Line 2 may for example be brought to a potential equal to the potential of the envelope 1, which in the embodiment shown is grounded. Under these conditions, line 2 may also be grounded as shown at 23.
  • An ultra-high frequency source (not shown) is feeding in the usual way an ultra-high frequency wave to the delay line 2 through the input 6 and the amplified energy is collected at the output 15.
  • a cathode 3, which may for example be brought to a potential equal to that 2,702,370 Patented Feb. 15, 1955' of electrode-4, is in. the embodiment shown carricdby the latter electrode, although this arrangement is notessential.
  • the cathode is heated by a filament 5,.an extremity of which is connected to the electrode 4.
  • A: magnetic field perpendicular. to the plane of Figure 1 is provided within the tube, for example by a magnet 22 (Fig, 2).
  • An auxiliary electrode 7, separated from anodev 2,. is located opposite the cathode 3;
  • the modulating voltage is supplied. by asource 9,.through.a transformer 8 whose secondary Winding is connected between electrodes 7- and 4.
  • Electrode. 4 is connected-tothe negative terminal of a highvoltage power. supply source 17, whose positive terminal is grounded. Fil'amentl' is heated by a source 18, through a-transformer 19 whose-secondary winding is connected between electrode 4 and filament 5.
  • the electrode 7- is at. cathode potential, since itis connectedto the cathode through the secondary winding of the transformer 8.
  • the electrode 7 gainsa positive potential, for instance substantially equalto the-potentialof theanode 2. This results'in thecathodebeing unlocked It will be notedthatthe modulating and bias supply circuitsare independent of each other.
  • auxiliary electrode does not need to be of the diagrammatic form shown, butmay be a part of any suitable electronic optical system, as shown in Fig- 4, where-equipotential level lines 21 may be'seen.
  • the electrode-7 can be broughtto apot'entiali which is more, negative than that of cathode 3' with respect to theano'deZ, as shown for instance in Fig. 5;
  • the secondary winding of the transformer 8'isseparated from the negative electrode by a capacitor lil /hose capacitance is-large enough so as not to offer any appreciable impedance to the pulses;
  • Resistor 11 which is in parallel with said secondary winding, is used'for loading the modulator and stabilizing it in operatiom thisresistor of course may be dispensed with.
  • the tube may be provided (Fig. 7).
  • the grid is brought to a' potential intermediate" between the potentials of these two electrodes'and preferably corresponding to the equip'otential level prevailing in the place occupied by the grid.
  • the gri'd should be of such a shape as to cause minimum: disturbance of the equipotential levels.
  • the grid? whichlis' shown in plan view in Fig.
  • FIG. 6 consists of a block l2 supporting parallel rods 13 pointing in the direction ofith'e beam:
  • a grid is easily cooled and easily adaptable: to the tube.
  • iti is connecte'd t'o alsuitable'tap on thesecondary Winding of the transformer 8, so that modulation takes place both on the grid 12 and the electrode 7.
  • the grid could be brought to a more negative potential than the cathode D. C. potential.
  • Figure 8 shows the invention as embodied in the oscillator tube, described in the copending application, Serial Number 281,347, filed on April 9, 1942, and known as Carcinotron, this Word being a registered trade-mark.
  • This tube differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that energy is collected at an output 6 arranged at the end of the line 2 which is nearest to the gun 3.
  • an attenuator 16 which absorbs the spatial components of the ultra-high frequency wave which are propagating in the same direction as the beam.
  • cathode 4' is separated from electrode 4". Pulse modulation is applied between the cathode 4' and the auxiliary electrode 7 as in the case of Figure 4.
  • the electrode 4" is brought to a more negative potential than the cathode.
  • an A. C. voltage supplied by a source 14 through a transformer, is superimposed to the D. C. voltage applied between the delay line 2 and the electrode 4".
  • the pulse-modulated oscillating energy provided by the tube is also frequency-modulated, since it is known that in this type of Oscillators, frequency is dependent on the potential difference between the delay line 2 and the electrode 4".
  • Any other means could of course be used for the purpose of frequency modulation: for instance the output of the source which feeds the terminals 17 could be varied.
  • a travelling Wave tube of the type including an anode in the form of a delay line, a negative electrode substantially parallel thereto, means for propagating an ultra-high frequency wave along said delay line, whereby an electric field is provided between said two electrodes, means for providing within said tube a magnetic field normal to said electric field, and a cathode for propagating an electron beam normally to both said fields, said tube comprising: an auxiliary electrode located substantially in front of said cathode and in prolongation of said anode; energized connections for negatively biasing said auxiliary electrode, whereby said cathode is normally blocked; and connections for applying modulating pulses, provided by a modulating source, between said auxiliary electrode and said cathode with positive potential of said pulses applied to said auxiliary electrode for causing said cathode to emit during each of said pulses.
  • a travelling wave tube of the type including an anode in the form of a delay line, a negative electrode substantially parallel thereto, means for propagating an ultra-high frequency wave along said delay line, whereby an electric field is provided between said two electrodes, means for providing within said tube a magnetic field normal to said electric field, and a cathode for propagating an electron beam normally to both said fields, said tube comprising: an auxiliary electrode located substantially in front of said cathode and in prolongation of said anode; energized connections for normally bringing said auxiliary electrode to the same negative potential as said cathode; and connections for applying modulating pulses, provided by a modulating source, between said auxiliary electrode and said cathode for causing said cathode to emit during each of said pulses.
  • a travelling wave tube of the type including an anode in the form of a delay line, a negative electrode substantially parallel thereto, means for propagating an ultra-high frequency wave along said delay line, Whereby an electric field is provided between said two electrodes, means for providing within said tube a magnetic field normal to said electric field, and a cathode for propagating an electron beam normally to both said fields, said tube comprising: an auxiliary electrode located substantially in front of said cathode and in prolongation of said anode; energized connections for bringing said auxiliary electrode to a potential which is negative with respect to said cathode; and connections for applying modulating pulses, provided by a modulating source, between said auxiliary electrode and said cathode for causing said cathode to emit during each of said pulses.
  • a tube according to claim 3 further comprising a grid located between said cathode and said auxiliary ill electrode and a connection for bringing said grid, when modulating pulses are provided, to a potential intermediate between the respective potentials of said auxiliary grid and said cathode.
  • a travelling wave tube of the type including an anode in the form of a delay line, a negative electrode substantially parallel thereto, means for propagating an ultra-high frequency wave along said delay line, whereby an electric field is provided between said two electrodes, means for providing within said tube a magnetic field normal to said electric field, and a cathode for propagating .an electron beam normally to both said fields, said tube further comprising an auxiliary electrode located substantially in front of said cathode and in prolongation of said anode; means for negatively biasing said auxiliary electrode whereby said cathode is normally blocked; and means for applying modulating pulses between said auxiliary electrode and said cathode for causing said cathode to emit during each of said pulses.
  • a travelling wave tube of the type including an anode in the form of a delay line, a negative electrode substantially parallel thereto, means for propagating an ultra-high frequency wave along said delay line whereby an electric field is provided between said two electrodes, means for providing within said tube a magnetic field normal to said electric field, and a cathode for propagating an electron beam normally to both said fields, said tube further comprising an auxiliary electrode located substantially in front of said cathode and in prolongation of said anode; a source of direct current potential for negatively biasing said auxiliary electrode whereby said cathode is normally blocked; and a source of modulating pulses, applied between said cathode and said auxiliary electrode, for causing said cathode to emit during each of said pulses.
  • a travelling wave tube of the type including an anode in the form of a delay line, a negative electrode substantially parallel thereto, means for propagating an ultra-high frequency wave along said delay line, whereby an electric field is provided between said two electrodes, means for providing within said tube a magnetic field normal to said electric field, and a cathode for propagating an electron beam normally to both said fields, said cathode being electrically separated from said negative electrode, an auxiliary electrode located substantially in front of said cathode and in prolongation of said anode; energized connections for negatively biasing said auxiliary electrode whereby said cathode is normally blocked; connections for applying modulating pulses, provided by a modulating source, between said auxiliary electrode and said cathode for causing said cathode to emit during each of said pulses, and means for varying the direct current potential between said negative electrode and said delay line for frequency mgdulating the pulse modulated output energy of the ill 6.

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US416668A 1953-03-18 1954-03-16 Pulse-modulated traveling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields Expired - Lifetime US2702370A (en)

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FR1077050T 1953-03-18

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FR (1) FR1077050A (fr)
GB (1) GB753688A (fr)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2833956A (en) * 1954-03-11 1958-05-06 Csf Travelling wave tubes of the magnetron type
US2834909A (en) * 1954-06-17 1958-05-13 Varian Associates Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2844797A (en) * 1953-10-23 1958-07-22 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2865004A (en) * 1956-03-30 1958-12-16 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2888649A (en) * 1956-01-31 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tube system
US2889488A (en) * 1954-05-13 1959-06-02 Csf Delay lines for crossed field tubes
US2890373A (en) * 1955-05-12 1959-06-09 Varian Associates Retarded wave electron discharge device
US2890372A (en) * 1956-02-23 1959-06-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave amplifiers
US2895071A (en) * 1952-12-23 1959-07-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2899594A (en) * 1959-08-11 johnson
US2907913A (en) * 1956-02-16 1959-10-06 Raytheon Co Traveling wave oscillator
US2911556A (en) * 1954-03-25 1959-11-03 Csf Backward travelling wave oscillators
US2919374A (en) * 1955-07-05 1959-12-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Improved traveling wave tube amplifier
US2924740A (en) * 1957-12-13 1960-02-09 Raytheon Co Electronic systems
US2925521A (en) * 1957-04-05 1960-02-16 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tubes
US2928020A (en) * 1957-03-28 1960-03-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Microwave oscillator
US2937310A (en) * 1956-10-26 1960-05-17 Telefunken Gmbh High frequency pulse generation
US2939034A (en) * 1955-06-10 1960-05-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron gun for slalom focusing systems
US2944181A (en) * 1954-08-05 1960-07-05 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron velocity modulation apparatus
US2951173A (en) * 1947-11-25 1960-08-30 Csf Traveling wave tube oscillators
US2955223A (en) * 1956-09-12 1960-10-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US3073991A (en) * 1958-09-29 1963-01-15 Raytheon Co Electron sorting devices
US3167684A (en) * 1960-01-20 1965-01-26 Johann R Hechtel Klystron tubes
US3192434A (en) * 1960-02-09 1965-06-29 Litton Prec Products Inc Backward wave oscillator having anode-sole spacing of 0.05 wavelength
US3274431A (en) * 1961-07-03 1966-09-20 Varian Associates Crossed field high frequency electron discharge apparatus
US3302126A (en) * 1963-11-08 1967-01-31 Litton Prec Products Inc Collector arrangement for collecting unfavorably phase focused electrons
DE2103608A1 (de) * 1970-01-26 1971-08-05 Thomson Csf Wanderfeldrohre vom M Typ

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1069695B (fr) * 1957-01-24 1959-11-26

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899594A (en) * 1959-08-11 johnson
US2951173A (en) * 1947-11-25 1960-08-30 Csf Traveling wave tube oscillators
US2895071A (en) * 1952-12-23 1959-07-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2844797A (en) * 1953-10-23 1958-07-22 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2833956A (en) * 1954-03-11 1958-05-06 Csf Travelling wave tubes of the magnetron type
US2911556A (en) * 1954-03-25 1959-11-03 Csf Backward travelling wave oscillators
US2889488A (en) * 1954-05-13 1959-06-02 Csf Delay lines for crossed field tubes
US2834909A (en) * 1954-06-17 1958-05-13 Varian Associates Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2944181A (en) * 1954-08-05 1960-07-05 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron velocity modulation apparatus
US2890373A (en) * 1955-05-12 1959-06-09 Varian Associates Retarded wave electron discharge device
US2939034A (en) * 1955-06-10 1960-05-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron gun for slalom focusing systems
US2919374A (en) * 1955-07-05 1959-12-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Improved traveling wave tube amplifier
US2888649A (en) * 1956-01-31 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tube system
US2907913A (en) * 1956-02-16 1959-10-06 Raytheon Co Traveling wave oscillator
US2890372A (en) * 1956-02-23 1959-06-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave amplifiers
US2865004A (en) * 1956-03-30 1958-12-16 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2955223A (en) * 1956-09-12 1960-10-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2937310A (en) * 1956-10-26 1960-05-17 Telefunken Gmbh High frequency pulse generation
US2928020A (en) * 1957-03-28 1960-03-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Microwave oscillator
US2925521A (en) * 1957-04-05 1960-02-16 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tubes
US2924740A (en) * 1957-12-13 1960-02-09 Raytheon Co Electronic systems
US3073991A (en) * 1958-09-29 1963-01-15 Raytheon Co Electron sorting devices
US3167684A (en) * 1960-01-20 1965-01-26 Johann R Hechtel Klystron tubes
US3192434A (en) * 1960-02-09 1965-06-29 Litton Prec Products Inc Backward wave oscillator having anode-sole spacing of 0.05 wavelength
US3274431A (en) * 1961-07-03 1966-09-20 Varian Associates Crossed field high frequency electron discharge apparatus
US3302126A (en) * 1963-11-08 1967-01-31 Litton Prec Products Inc Collector arrangement for collecting unfavorably phase focused electrons
DE2103608A1 (de) * 1970-01-26 1971-08-05 Thomson Csf Wanderfeldrohre vom M Typ
US3708764A (en) * 1970-01-26 1973-01-02 Thomson Csf Travelling wave tubes

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Publication number Publication date
GB753688A (en) 1956-07-25
FR1077050A (fr) 1954-11-03

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