US26978A - Process for coloring the surface of metals - Google Patents
Process for coloring the surface of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US26978A US26978A US26978DA US26978A US 26978 A US26978 A US 26978A US 26978D A US26978D A US 26978DA US 26978 A US26978 A US 26978A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- metals
- coloring
- battery
- chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 50
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 22
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
Definitions
- the present invention consists in anew mode or process of coloring, bronzing, or darkening metals,which is particularly applicable, in connection with the well-known process of electroplating, to the production of a black, brown, or other colored groundwork to white lines or marks of silver or other white metal.
- thermometers thermometers, astronomical, surveying, and otherinstruments where the graduations are very close or finely marked to obtain white lines or marks upon a dark surface of metal, so that the readings thereon could be readily made; but no such graduations have heretofore been possible, the metal groundwork used for such purposes being, previous to myinvention,invariab1y white and the lines black, the difficulties of which to the vision are manifest.
- the agents I employ are either chlorine, sulphur, or nitrogen, in connection with the action of a galvanic battery, and I will now proceed to describe the details of my new process, first enumerating some of the materials containing one or more of the above-named elements that may be used, as follows:
- I can use diluted hydrochloric acid, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, chloride of ammonium, chlorate of potassium, and almost all salts and liquids containing chlorine; second, I can use diluted sulphuric acid and almost all salts and liquids containingsulphur; and third, I can use diluted nitric acid and almost all salts and liquids containing nitrogen.
- the current of electricity is thus passed through the solution of chloride of sodium the salt held in solution is decomposed, and the chlorine, being the negative element, is set free at the positive pole, while the sodium, which is the positive element, is set free at the negative pole.
- the metal to be colored being connected with the positive pole of the battery, the chlorine there set free, having a strong affinity for metals,will unite with the metal to form a chloride. If the metal to be colored be copper or an alloy of copper-like brassthe chloride formed will be black, or nearly so.
- the action of the battery on a solution containing sulphur or nitrogen is the same as on a solution containing chlorine, the sulphur or nitrogen, being set free at the positive pole, forming with the metal at that pole asulphide or a nitrite, according to the element used.
- the kind of salt used has a tendency to modify the result. For instance, the color produced on the same metal by different solutions is more or less adhesive and varies in tint. Thus, if brass be the metal to be colored and chloride of sodium be used in connection with the galvanic battery a black will be produced, whereas if chlorate of potassium be the solution the brass will be colored red.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
MATTHEW EDWARDS, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.
PROCESS FOR COLORING THE SURFACE OF METALS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 26,978, dated January 31, 1860.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, MATTHEW EDWARDS, of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Process of Coloring, Bronzing, orDarkening Metals; and I do hereby declare that the following description is a full and exact specification ofthe same, wherein I have set forth the nature and principles of my improvements, by which my invention may be distinguished from all others of a similar class, together with such parts as I claim and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent.
The present invention consists in anew mode or process of coloring, bronzing, or darkening metals,which is particularly applicable, in connection with the well-known process of electroplating, to the production of a black, brown, or other colored groundwork to white lines or marks of silver or other white metal.
It has long been desired in thermometers, astronomical, surveying, and otherinstruments where the graduations are very close or finely marked to obtain white lines or marks upon a dark surface of metal, so that the readings thereon could be readily made; but no such graduations have heretofore been possible, the metal groundwork used for such purposes being, previous to myinvention,invariab1y white and the lines black, the difficulties of which to the vision are manifest. By my new process I am enabled to color, bronze, or darken metals in a simple, cheap, and expeditious manner, and moreover, in the case of such metals as have had lines or marks of silver, platina, or other white metal previously deposited upon them, to produce this effect without coloring or defacing the said lines or marks, thereby atfording a contrast between metallic groundwork. and the marks, lines, or configurations thereon, the desirability of which has been hereinbefore briefly alluded to.
To produce the result of tinting or coloring metals the agents I employ are either chlorine, sulphur, or nitrogen, in connection with the action of a galvanic battery, and I will now proceed to describe the details of my new process, first enumerating some of the materials containing one or more of the above-named elements that may be used, as follows:
First, I can use diluted hydrochloric acid, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, chloride of ammonium, chlorate of potassium, and almost all salts and liquids containing chlorine; second, I can use diluted sulphuric acid and almost all salts and liquids containingsulphur; and third, I can use diluted nitric acid and almost all salts and liquids containing nitrogen.
To color metals I take, for instance, a solution of chloride of sodium, orcommon salt, and connect this solution, by means of a piece of copper or other metal, with the negative pole of a galvanic battery, whereby the electricity is conducted from that pole into the liquid in which the metal to be colored is immersed and connected with the positive pole of the battery. When the current of electricity is thus passed through the solution of chloride of sodium the salt held in solution is decomposed, and the chlorine, being the negative element, is set free at the positive pole, while the sodium, which is the positive element, is set free at the negative pole. The metal to be colored being connected with the positive pole of the battery, the chlorine there set free, having a strong affinity for metals,will unite with the metal to form a chloride. If the metal to be colored be copper or an alloy of copper-like brassthe chloride formed will be black, or nearly so.
The action of the battery on a solution containing sulphur or nitrogen is the same as on a solution containing chlorine, the sulphur or nitrogen, being set free at the positive pole, forming with the metal at that pole asulphide or a nitrite, according to the element used.
The kind of salt used has a tendency to modify the result. For instance, the color produced on the same metal by different solutions is more or less adhesive and varies in tint. Thus, if brass be the metal to be colored and chloride of sodium be used in connection with the galvanic battery a black will be produced, whereas if chlorate of potassium be the solution the brass will be colored red.
To color or darken the surface or groundwork of a metal upon which silver, 850., has previously been deposited without injuring the incisions or deposits, it is only necessary to use a weak solution of any of those above enumerated in connection with the battery.
It will be observed that one great difference between the use ot'a battery for depositing one metal upon another, as in electroplating, and the application of the same agent for coloring metals is, that in the former case the metal to receive the deposit is connected with the negative pole of the battery. In thelatter case the metal to be colored is connected with the posiiive pole.
Having thus described my improvements, I shall state my claim as follows: What I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is-
The new process, substantially as hereinabove described, for coloring, darkening, or bronzing metals when the same is applied to metals that have had a previous deposit of white metal upon them.
MATTHEW EDWARDS. Witnesses:
SAMUEL W. RICHARDS, ALBERT W. BROWN.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US26978A true US26978A (en) | 1860-01-31 |
Family
ID=2096646
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26978D Expired - Lifetime US26978A (en) | Process for coloring the surface of metals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US26978A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2583581A (en) * | 1947-07-01 | 1952-01-29 | Hiram S Lukens | Metal coating |
| US2615930A (en) * | 1945-12-13 | 1952-10-28 | Edison Inc Thomas A | Method of making positive electrodes for battery cells |
| US2682593A (en) * | 1949-06-28 | 1954-06-29 | Gen Electric | Electrical contact |
| US2881237A (en) * | 1951-08-28 | 1959-04-07 | Electric Storage Battery Co | Storage battery plate and production thereof |
| US3006821A (en) * | 1945-03-29 | 1961-10-31 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Manufacture of silver chloride electrodes |
| US4541305A (en) * | 1982-03-02 | 1985-09-17 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Speed reducer |
| FR2617937A1 (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1989-01-13 | Rockwell Cim | ELASTIC PRESSING RING FOR REDUCING-MULTIPLIER MECHANISMS WITH AT LEAST ONE OUTPUT, FOR EXAMPLE FOR ORDERING ACCESSORIES ON VEHICLES |
-
0
- US US26978D patent/US26978A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3006821A (en) * | 1945-03-29 | 1961-10-31 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Manufacture of silver chloride electrodes |
| US2615930A (en) * | 1945-12-13 | 1952-10-28 | Edison Inc Thomas A | Method of making positive electrodes for battery cells |
| US2583581A (en) * | 1947-07-01 | 1952-01-29 | Hiram S Lukens | Metal coating |
| US2682593A (en) * | 1949-06-28 | 1954-06-29 | Gen Electric | Electrical contact |
| US2881237A (en) * | 1951-08-28 | 1959-04-07 | Electric Storage Battery Co | Storage battery plate and production thereof |
| US4541305A (en) * | 1982-03-02 | 1985-09-17 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Speed reducer |
| FR2617937A1 (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1989-01-13 | Rockwell Cim | ELASTIC PRESSING RING FOR REDUCING-MULTIPLIER MECHANISMS WITH AT LEAST ONE OUTPUT, FOR EXAMPLE FOR ORDERING ACCESSORIES ON VEHICLES |
| EP0300870A1 (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1989-01-25 | Rockwell Automotive Body Systems-France En Abrege:Rockwell Abs-France | Elastic pressure ring for speed reducers or multipliers with at least one output, such as for accessory drives in vehicles |
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