US2696838A - Loom for hand weaving - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 14, 1954 Filed Dec. 8, 1953 R. PURRINGTON LOOM FOR HAND WEAVING 6 Sheets-Sheetl INVENTOR. 51k l v/7132 75,

Dec. 14, 1954 R. PURRINGTON 2,696,838

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United States Patent LOOM FOR' 'HA ND'WEAVING w'Rollo Purrington, Williamsburg, Mass.

Application'DeceniberkS, 1953, -Sei'ial.N0.-'396,915

9 Claims. (Cl.' 139--29) "This invention relates. to improvements in looms adapted 'foruse'by hand weavers.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved loom constructionthat'enables the parts to be folded into compact relation, when the loom is "notin use, whereby the loom may be easily carried fromplace toplace and stored'in'a relatively small space.

f'Moreparticularly, the invention-has for an objectthe provision in a foldable loom, of a frame and'front and rearlpairs of legs "for supporting the fra'me in'a. substantially'h'orizontalposition, such pairs of legs being. pivoted together in "-X-formation and the front legs being pivoted at'their upper ends to one end of the-frame and the rear legs being detachably connected at their upper endsv to the other end'of the frame, anda castle, which is pivoted intermediate its 'endsto the frame at a location betweenthe ends of thelatterandwhich isp-ivotally connectednear -itslower end to'the rearpair of legs, whereby when the reanpair'of legs are detached from the frame and drawn toward the'frontpair-of legs, the castle will be swung with themtogether with the frame and the legs, frame and castle moved into a compact relation'closely approaching parallelism.

Another object-of the invention is to provide a heater, having supporting arms that are fulcrumed on thefront legs'in a manner toenable facile disengagement and engagement and to provide means for connecting the beater to'the castle, when the loom is to be folded, whereby the movement of the castle'causes the supporting arms to disengage from their fulcrums and lie flatly against the front faceof the castle.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved mechanism for actuating the heddle frames inthe castle.

fAfurther'object is to provide in a loom ofthe type described agplurality of foot treadles, which are pivoted to a cross bar-that interconnects the frontpair of legs and extend rearwardly and have their rear ends connected by flexible members to the heddle-raising means in the castle, whereby when the loom is folded, the swinging of the castle'will through the flexible members draw the foot treadles upwardly and within the confines of the folded legs, frameand castle.

'These and othenobjects will more particularly appear from the following detailed description of one illustrative embodiment of the invention in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a'side'elevational view'of a l'oomembo'dying the invention, the parts being 'shown' unfolded and in active or workingposition with one of the treadles depressed'to raise a pair of heddle frames and separate certain-warp threads from others to form the shed;

Fig-2. is a side elevational view showing the loom parts :inpartially folded position;

LFig. 3 is a side elevational view showing the loom parts incompletely folded position;

.Fig. 4 is a plan view of the loom with the parts shown in unfolded positions;

Fig.. 5 is-a-n end elevational view looking from the left of: Fig. .1;

:"Fig. 6. is a cross sectional viewtaken on'the line 66 .of'Fig. :1 and showing the lifting means for the heddle frames;

Fig. 7 isra.sectional' plan-view.taken on the line '7--7 ofFig. 5;

'Fig. 8 'is asectiona1 plan view takenon: the line 8-8 of 'Fig -S;

2,696,838 Patented Dec. 14, 1954 "ice Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view -'taken "on "the line 9-*9' of Fig. *5;

:Fig. 10 is ""a fragmentary sectional view taken entire line 10-10 of Fig. 4; v I

'Fig. 11 -is a sectional view taken onthe line 11 11 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary-sect-ionalviewshowingithe detachable connection between the side bars of theframe 'andthe rear legs of its supporting means; and

Fig. l3is a fragmentary rear'elevational .view illustrativeofthemounting' of one of the rolls. v

Referring to these drawings andfirst'toFigs. land 4 thereof, the loom includes a frame consisting of two laterally-spacedparallel sidebars "1, each having at'eajch end an upturned portion 2,'and cross'bars 3 and "4,'which respectivelyinterconnect the front and rear :end porti'onsZ of the side bars and are rigidly fixed thereto, as'indicated. :Thisfram'eis supported by twopairs'of legs,each pair comprising a tfront leg 5 and "a =rear 'leg 6, which are pivotally connected together in X-formation by a bolt 7. The front legs "5 arepivotally-connected at their upper ends one to each-side bar 1 near the frontend thereof. This pivotal connection is made by a' bolt8 to alug59, which is fixed-to and depends from a side bar. The rear legs 6 are also connected atthei r upper ends one toeach side bar near the rear endthereof. Such connectionconsists of a sleeve10 (see alsoFig. 12) clamped to'a'side bar 'lby a bolt 11 and projectingoutwardly therefrom into 'a slot 1'2 (Fig. l) in the upper end of a rearle'g :6. The two front legsS are rigidly interconnected neartheir lower ends by a cross bar 13 and the two rear legs are similarly'interconnected by across bar 14.

The described'fra'me'carries rolls 15 and 16 rotatably supported bytrunnions "17 and 18, respectively, inbearings 'in the sidebars 1, one :roll as 15, being located beneaththe crossbar 3 and theother roll, as 16,"being located 'beneaththe crossbar 4. One trunnion 18 of roll '16 has fixed thereto a ratchet "19'and a'pawl "20 (Fig. l()) pivotedto the adjacentside bar 1 is pressedbyaspring '21 into'engagement with 'thisratchet. This same-trunnion has a squared outer end (Figs. 1 and 4) to receive a hand crank 22 whereby the roll 16 canbe rotated'to wind thereon the waipithreads. The engagement of'g'pawl 20 withratchet 19 enables such winding but; prevents reverse'rotation until released by depression ofthe'handle 23 of thepawl. The other trunnion '18of roll 16 (see Fig. 13) is mounted ina slot .24 in one end bar and'held therein by a .clip 25, which is easily removable'to enable removal of roll 16 when desired.

The roll 15 (Fig. 4) has a ratchet 26 fixed'thereto. "Mounted ona trunnion 17 (Figs. 4 and 5) at .a:location between the ratchet-26 andrthe lug 9 on the adjacent .side framel isa lever 27 having a pawl 28 to engage the ratchet. As best shown in Fig. 11, this lever enablesthe roll ISUto be turnedwhen'requiredto Wind up the cloth thereon. Holding-pawls 29 of different length areboth pivoted to the lug 9'on the-last-named' side frame 1, engage the ratchet '26 at different points thereon and one or the other of them holds the roll 15 from turning in the direction such as-to unwind the cloth.

Located betweenthe rolls 15 and 16 and spanning-the 'space between the side bars 1 is the castle, which comprises two upright side plates 30,'the upper ends of which are rigidly interconnected by a pair of cross bars 311and the lowerends of which are rigidly interconnected by a .pair of cross bars .32. The side plates 30 arepivotally connected at points intermediate their upper and lower ends onetoeach side bar 1 (Fig. l) and this connection is conveniently made by a bolt 33 (see also Fig. 6). The lower end of each side plate 30 is also pivotally connected to the adjacent back leg '6 (Fig. =1) and this connection is conveniently made by a bolt 34 which as shown in Fig. 6 passes through the side bar 1 and side plate 30 and through an intervening spacer sleeve 35. The described castle supports a plurality (four as shown-in Fig. 4) of heddle frames 36 for vertical sliding movement. The'innerface of eachside plate 30 (Fig. 4) is provided with vertical grooves, one for eachframe 36, to slidably receive and guidethe latter. .Each'heddle frame (Fig.6)

*is :of hollownrectangulartform andrhas fixed therein upper 3 and lower horizontally-disposed cross bars 37 from which the heddles 38 are slidably supported.

The beater (Fig. includes two side arms 39 which are pivotally connected near their lower ends one to each front leg 5 at a location near but above the pivot 7. Each such pivotal connection consists of a sleeve 40 clamped to the leg 5 by a bolt 41 and received in an open-ended slot 42 (Fig. 1) formed in the lower end of a side arm 39. Each of the latter has a finger 43 extending beyond the open lower end of each slot 42 on the front side of the arm 39. These arms 39 (Fig. 5) are also rigidly interconnected by upper and lower cross bars 44 and 45, respectively. Each such cross bar is secured to a side arm 39 by means of a bolt 46 which passes through a slot 47 in the side arm. Thus, these cross bars may be fixed to their supporting side arms 39 in various positions of longitudinal adjustment. The confronting faces of the upper and lower cross bars 44 and 45 are grooved to receive and clamp to the arms 39 a hollow rectangular frame 48 carrying a plurality of closely-spaced vertical wires 49 which form the reed.

Referring to Fig. 1, the warp threads, such as 50, that are wound on roll 16, pass upwardly over cross bar 4 and thence forwardly with a downward inclination to the heddles and are threaded through the eyes of the latter, some threads passing through the eyes of selected heddles in one frame and other threads passing through the eyes of selected heddles in other frames. The threads then pass between the wires of the reed of the beater and then continue forwardly with an upward inclination to the cross bar 3, over which they pass and then travel downwardly to roll 15. By raising some heddle frames while others remain lowered, some of the warp threads, as shown at 50', are raised above others, forming the shed and enabling a shuttle to be manually passed through the space between the raised threads 51) and the lowered threads 50. The heater is manually moved forwardly toward roll 15 to press the weft threads 51 (Fig. 4) in place. The woven cloth 52 is wound up on roll 15.

For actuating the heddle frames 36, a series of foot treadles 53 (six as shown in Fig. 5) are provided. These treadles are each pivotally supported at one end from the cross bar 14 that interconnects the back legs 6. This cross bar 14 has a series of longitudinally-spaced notches, each adapted to receive an end of a treadle 53 and a longitudinal groove in its upper face to receive a rod 54 which serves as a pivot for all the treadles. Rod 54 (Fig. 9) may be clamped in its groove by the heads of a plurality of wood screws 55 threaded into the cross bar 14. The other end of each treadle 53 has a series of four holes 56 therein, one for each heddle frame and each adapted to receive a screw eye 57. Located in the lower part of the castle (Fig. 8) are a series of four cross bars 58. Each cross bar 58 (Fig. 6) overlies all the treadles 53. Each cross bar 58 overlies a different hole 56 in a treadle. Each cross bar 58 (Fig. 8) has a series of six holes 59 spaced so that each overlies a different treadle 53. These holes 59 selectively receive screw eyes 60. As shown in Fig. 8, each cross bar has three screw eyes 60 and, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, each treadle has two screw eyes 57. Connections between the screw eyes 57 and 60 are made by ropes 61, suitably fixed thereto as indicated. Each foot treadle 53 (Fig. 6) is connected to two cross bars 58. These cross bars 58 each lift a heddle frame 36. Various pairs (f the heddle frames 36 may be raised. There are six different combinations, one effected by each of the six treadles. Each cross bar 58 is slotted at opposite ends to receive, one in each, the lower ends of short thin metal links 62, which are pivotally connected to the cross bar by pins 63. The upper ends of each pair of these links are received one in each of the slotted outer ends of two overlying levers 64 and pivotally connected thereto by pins 65. Each pair of these levers 64 is pivoted intermediate its ends on rods 66. The other ends of each pair of levers 64 (Fig. 6) extend toward one another and underlie the bottom of one heddle frame 36. When a cross bar 58 is pulled downwardly, both levers 64 of a pair are swung in opposite directions and engage and lift the heddle frame 36 above it. When the treadle 53, that causes such movement is released, the heddle frame 36 drops in its slideways in the castle, swinging the levers 64 back into horizontal positions in which their inner and adjacent ends rest on a rubber bumper 67 that rests on a table 68 which is fixed at its ends in the two lower cross bars 32. Spacing washers 69 are provided on these 4 rods 66 to separate the levers 64 and cause them to be positioned in proper underlying relation with the heddle frames 36 which they actuate. The heater arms 39, when in inactive position, engage rubber bumpers 70 fixed on the castle.

The loom has been described in its active or working position. It may easily be folded into compact form for storing or for carrying. This folding operation causes the castle to be inverted and therefore the heddle frames 36 must be held against falling out of the castle. For this purpose two long pins 71 are provided and these are normally stored in inactive positions, one in each of two vertical holes in one of the upper cross bars of the castle, as shown in Fig. 1. These pins may be withdrawn and each passed through two horizontal holes, one in each of the upper cross bars 31 of the castle, to overlie all of the heddle frames, as shown in Fig. 4. During the folding operation, the beater arms 39 become disengaged from their fulcrums and subsequently inverted. Consequently these arms must also be held in place and this is done by binding their upper ends to the castle by means of the pins 71 above described. These pins 71 are made to pegs; through screw eyes 72 provided one on each arm To fold the loom, the pins 71 are applied, as just described, to bind the beater arms 39 to the castle and hold the heddle frames 36 against vertical movement in the castle. The warp threads 50 are loosened by releasing the holding pawls 29 from the ratchet 26 on roll 15. Then, if one stands facing the roll 15, the upper end of a back leg 6 can be pulled forwardly with one hand while the upper part of the castle is pushed rearwardly with the other hand. The back legs 6 will disengage from the sleeves 10 and moveforwardly toward the front legs 5. The legs 6 are notched as at 73 (Figs. 1 and 6) to clear the bolts 33 as legs 5 move forwardly. The forward movement of the back legs 6 carries the lower end of the castle forwardly. The castle is caused to swing clockwise as viewed in Fig. 1 and this forces the side bars 1 to swing clockwise about their pivots 8 on the front legs 5. As the castle thus swings, the beater arms 39, which are bound to it, swing therewith and become disengaged from their fulcrums 40 as will be clear from Fig. 2. Continued clockwise movement of the castle causes it to be nearly inverted and the front and rear legs 5 and 6 moved as closely together as possible, as will be clear from Fig. 3. As the castle swings as described, it lifts the treadles by means of the ropes 61 as will be clear from Fig. 2 and finally draws them into the positions shown in Fig. 3 in which they lie close to legs 6.

To open the loom, the operator places his foot on the cross bar 13 of the back legs 6 and lifts on the castle. As the castle turns counterclockwise, it lifts the side bars 1 and spreads the front and rear legs 5 and 6 apart. On continued counterclockwise movement of the castle, the lower ends or fingers 43 of the beater side arms 39, engage the fulcrum sleeves 40 which cause the lower ends of these arms to swing away from the sides of the castle and the slots 42 to slide over the fulcrum sleeves 40. As the castle finally swings into vertical position, the notches 12 in the back legs 6 engage over the sleeves 10 and lock the parts in open position shown in Fig. 1.

The invention thus provides an improved loom adapted for hand weaving and characterized in that its parts may be readily folded into compact relation for convenient transportation and storage.

What is claimed is:

l. In a loom, a frame consisting of two side bars and cross bars rigidly interconnecting them near opposite ends thereof, means for supporting said frame in substantially horizontal position, said means comprising a pair of front legs and a pair of rear legs disposed in X-formation, and a pivot connecting the front and rear legs together where they cross, the front legs being pivoted at their upper ends one to each side bar near the front end of the latter, each side bar having near its rear end a stud fixed thereto and projecting therefrom, each rear leg having a slot extending from its rear edge inwardly and part way through it and receiving said stud, whereby the rear legs and side bars are connected for facile engagement and disengagement, a castle having side members pivotally connected intermediate their ends one to each side bar, and a pivotal connection between each said side member and the adjacent rear leg at a location on the latter above said pivot, said last-named pivotal connection maintaining the castle in upright position when the supporting frame is in horiaontal position; the frame, legs and castle being foldable 1nto compact relation by pulling forwardly on the upper ends of the rear legs and by pushing rearwardly on the upper end of the castle.

2. The combination, as claimed in claim 1, in which a pair of cross bars rigidly interconnect the upper ends of the side members of the castle, a plurality of heddle frames are mounted for vertical sliding movement in the side members of the castle; and a member provided for spanning the last-named cross bars in overlying relation with the heddle frames to retain the latter in the castle when the latter is turned upside down during the folding of the frame, legs and castle; said last-named member being connected to the last-named cross bars for facile removal and replacement.

3. The combination, as claimedin claim 1, having a beater consisting of a cross member located adjacent and confronting the front face of the castle and two arms fixed near their upper ends to the said cross member, fulcrum pins fixed one to each front leg at a location near but above the pivot that connects the front and rear legs, each arm having a slot extending upwardly from its lower end and receiving one of said fulcrum pins; and means for binding the beater to the castle during the folding of the frame, legs and castle; whereby, when the castle is turned, the beater arms are turned with it and disengaged from said fulcrum pins.

4. The combination as claimed in claim 3, in which heddle frames are slidably mounted in the castle and the means for binding the beater to the castle serves to retain the heddle frames in the castle when it is turned upside down during folding of the frame, legs and castle.

5. The combination, as claimed in claim 3, in which each beater arm has a finger extending from its lower end on its front side for engaging the fulcrum pin and guiding the slot into engagement with it, when the frame, legs and castle are unfolded and moved back into working position.

6. The combination as claimed in claim 2, in which a cross bar interconnects the front legs near the lower ends, a plurality of foot treadles are each pivoted at one end to the last-named cross bar and extend rearwardly with their lower ends underlying the castle, lifting means in the castle for the heddle frames, and flexible connections between such lifting means and the treadles; whereby when the castle is turned upside down during the folding of the castle, legs and frame, the treadles will be lifted by said flexible connections into substantially parallel relation with the front legs.

7. In a loom, a castle consisting of two laterally-spaced vertically-disposed side members having a plurality of vertical guides in their confronting faces, an upper pair of cross bars rigidly interconnecting said side members near their upper ends and a lower pair of cross bars rigidly interconnecting the side members near their lower ends, a plurality of heddle frames slidably mounted in said guides, a pair of pivot rods spanning the lower pair of cross bars and each supported at its ends one in each such cross bar, a plurality of lifting arms mounted one on each pivot rod and extending toward each other, a cross bar underlying each pair of lifting arms, links pivotally connecting the outer ends of each pair of lifting arms to the underlying cross bar, a series of foot treadles pivotally supported near one end and having their other ends underlying all said cross bars, and flexible members connecting various treadles to various cross bars.

8. The combination, as claimed in claim 7, in which each cross bar is provided with a plurality of means located one above each foot treadle adapted for attachment to one of said flexible members.

9. The combination, as claimed in claim 7, in which each foot treadle is provided with a plurality of means one below each cross bar adapted for attachment to one of said flexible members.

References Cited in the file of this patdnt UNITED STATES PATENTS Date

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