US2694238A - Awning type window structure - Google Patents

Description

NW4 1954 E. P. JONES AWNING TYPE WINDOW STRUCTURE Filed June 16, 1950 55 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 16,1954 E. P. JONES 2,694,238

AWNING TYPE WINDOW STRUCTURE 3 Shets-Sheet 2 Filed June 16, 1950 Nov. 16, 1954 Filed June 16, 1950 E. P. JONES AWNING TYPE WINDOW STRUCTURE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 L 49- 68 K I Y "3: wz v w 35/ 41% w i M/ X 740 Q Q @936 INVENTOR. 78

United States Patent 2,694,238 AWNING TYPE WINDOW STRUCTURE Earl P. Jones, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., assignor to Gate City Sash and Door Company, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., a corporation of Florida Application June 16, 1950, Serial No. 168,555

8 Claims. (Cl. 20-53) This invention relates to an awning type window. More particularly it relates to means for simultaneously operating the plurality of sashes which, in this type of window, are disposed in vertical arrangement, and swing about horizontal pivots to close one upon the other.

Awning type windows of the foregoing character present certain general difliculties in construction and operation. in order to actuate the sashes from both ends so that they may open and close evenly, it has heretofore been proposed to provide a power actuated rock shaft located above the horizontal sill from which linkage arms extended vertically upwardly to both ends of the respective sashes for their simultaneous operation. These horizontal rock shafts extending above the sill and between the jambs or vertical side frames of the window have heretofore been objectably positioned in that they obstructed the view across the top of the sill and were generally unsightly. In certain prior constructions this rock shaft was positioned within a hollow sill and connected to vertically extended linkages at both ends of the sills to operate the sashes. However, in this construction, when it became necessary to install or repair the mechanism for operating the rock shaft, it was necessary to remove portions of the sill or portions of the sill piece or stiffener or even to cut into the masonry about the sill.

In addition, certain prior constructions included holes or slots formed in the surface of the sill to accommodate the operating connections between the rock shaft and the linkages running to the respective ends of the plurality; of sashes of the windows. These were not waterroo p The object of the present invention is to provide an awning type window wherein the power operated rock shaft which ac'tuates the vertical tier of window sashes, is disposed above the sill, whereby to eliminate the necessity of removing any portion of the sill foundation or associated construction members in the case of needed repairs, and wherein also the rock shaft is positioned in such a manner as not to obstruct the view or opening across the top of the sill from within the window in an outwardly direction.

Another object of the invention provides, in connec tion with the foregoing construction, the provision of a neat, substantially close fitting casing surrounding the rock shaft and mounted on the sill or to the sill piece, and preferably cooperating with the screen which closes upon the sill piece, whereby to eliminate the unsightly appearance of an exposed rock shaft and definite obstruction of the view across the sill while at the same time securing substantially instant access to the rock shaft for repair purposes.

Yet another object of the invention resides in providing in an awning type window of the foregoing character, a hand operated power actuating unit preferably of the worm and gear type, so as to provide irreversibility of the operating mechanism, and wherein such operator is mounted at one side of the window frame only, and wherein a novel type of actuating means connects such operating mechanism to a rock shaft disposed above the sill, but wherein the operating mechanism permits the rock shaft to be placed substantially low or relatively close to the top surface of the sill and adjacent the outer wall of the sill piece, so as to position this horizontally extending rock shaft in an out-of-the-way position with respect to the top of the sill and with respect to the sill piece so that within the room, looking outwardly across 2,694,238 Patented Nov. 16, 1954 the sill, this rock shaft offers no obstruction to the view and no impediment to the opening when the sashes are moved to open position.

Yet another object of the invention resides in providing a sash operating mechanism of the foregoing character wherein the plurality of sash are simultaneously operated from a single power mechanism and simultaneously at both ends of the sashes and wherein the respective sashes are locked or firmly held at both ends of the respective sash in both open and closed positions, whereby, in open position to hold all of the sash firmly against the action of the wind and whereby, in closed position, to maintain the respective sash firmly locked or secured in such closed position.

Yet another object of the invention resides in the provision of a compact power operating unit for the sash, wherein the mechanism is disposed in a grease containing casing and which may be installed as a packaged unit upon the top of the sill or may be installed directly upon one of the vertical faces of a stile, preferably at its lower portion adjacent to the top edge of the sill.

Yet another object of the invention resides in the construction of such a casing for the power actuator wherein a bearing member is formed on the casing for the reception of one end of the rock shaft, said bearing member being formed eccentrically of the central axis of the worm gear.

Yet another object of the invention resides in forming a bearing on the power unit housing for the reception of one end of the rock shaft and which is, likewise, constructed and arranged for receiving fastening means, engaging a stile or other frame member of the window by which the rock shaft bearing member may be secured to the power housing.

Yet another object of the invention resides in providing the housing for the power operator package having a means providing a bearing not only for the rock shaft, but also providing a bearing for a linkage arm which pivotally and detachably connects one of the vertical linkages extending to the sash operated mechanism and also connecting with the crank arm operated by the central axis of the worm gear of the power operator, whereby the rock shaft may be operated by the worm gear crank at a lower level, and particularly, at a level lower than the axis of turning of the crank shaft or the axis of turning of the worm gear of the power operator, whereby despite the fact that the axis of the worm gear is mounted in a position substantially above the top of the sill, yet the rock shaft turned thereby can be mounted relatively close to the top of the sill, and particularly inwardly and relatively close to the rear surface of the outer sill.

These and other objects of invention will be apparent from a perusal in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Figure l is a perspective view of the three high tier of awning sashes shown in open position;

Figure 2 is a section taken on the line 22 shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section also taken I on the line 22 shown m Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken somewhat after the section of Figure 3, but showing the operating mechanism in a different position;

Figure 5 is a view taken from the opposite end of that taken in Figure 4 showing the connection between the rock shaft and the linkage mechanism for operating the sashes;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the shaft and its operating connections at each end;

Figure 7 is a view showing a modified form of the casings surrounding the rock shaft;

Figure 8 is a modification similar to Figure 3 but showing the rock shaft at a slightly elevated position close to the sill piece and without a casing around the rock shaft;

Figure 9 is a corresponding view similar to Figure 8 but from the opposite end of the rock shaft;

Figure 10 is a view from the inside of the inner sill of Figure 8 looking outwardly and showing the rear face a esses of the sill piece and showing how the sill piece screens the rock shaft from view;

Figure 11 is a view of the operator and its housing, as shown in Figure 8 the bearing for the rock shaft being shown in section;

Figure 12 is a sectional View taken vertically through the operator of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is a sectional viewshowing the manner in which the operating housing is attached to the wooden sill or vertical window frame members.

As shown in Figure 1, this invention is preferably provided in the form of a preformed, packaged unit completely operable in itself and constructed and arranged to be set in position into any desired window opening of any type of structure.

The details of construction and the manner in which it is set into any particular opening of a building or structure, are not particularly important to the nature of the invention herein described and claimed. Rather, is it that the invention lies immediately in the packaged unit disclosed in Figure 1, whereby there is a window frame composed of vertically disposed spaced apart side frame members or jambs 2 and 4, of any desired construction, a horizontal or upper head piece 6, and a sill construction 8. As shown in Figure 2, the sill 8 may rest upon any type of structural lower member 10, such as masonry or wood, or the like, and the sill in turn, includes a separate vertically extending sill piece or stiffener 12 and an inner stool 27, which stool 27 may alternatively be described as an inner sill extending horizontally inwardly into the room. It is customary to make the sill piece 12, separate from the sill 8, because generally the sill extends across and beyond the vertically disposed jambs 2 and 4, and interlocks with them to rigidify them.

The upper head piece 6 of the window frame may comprise an outer casing or frame 16 of any desired construction, a buck 18, a head casing of any desired construction such as 20 on the outside and 22 and 24 on the inside of the window at the top thereof. In addition, along. with the usual buck 18, there is provided the usual head jamb 26, which may be provided with the usual rabbets 28 and 30, the rabbet 30, receiving the screen frame 32, hereinafter described. In addition, there is a member such as 34 forming a part of the screen frame structure which is adapted to overlie and contact the top of the sill piece or stifiener 12, or is adapted to contact a casing member which overlies the sill piece for the purpose hereinafter described.

It is understood that the foregoing structural description may be varied in accordance with the usages and also in accordance with the construction of the building into which the window frame is adapted to be installed.

Thus, the window frame provides a generally rectangular frame member which may be formed of wood or of metal. If metal, the usual extruded aluminum construction is preferred.

Installed within this window frame above described, are two or more window sashes 35 which horizontally pivot and lie one above the other so that the lower rail of one sash closes upon the upper rail of the sash next below. The window sashes close into a common, vertical plane when in closed position and simultaneously swing outwardly to a maximum open position at an angle of about 70 or more. In open position they have an awning effect of preventing the driving rain from entering directly into the room.

Each Window sash 3 comprises the; lower rail 36 and upper rail 33 and two opposed. side rails 40 and 42. These sashes may be formed of wood or of any desired metal, preferably aluminum metal. At the upper portion of each of the side rails 40 and 42, there is fixed by means of screws or the like, two opposed hinge members 44, only one being shown in Figure l. The opposite portion 46 of the hinge is suitably screwed, or o,her wise fastened, to the front wall 48 at each side of the window frame and the two hinge pieces are hinged by a suitable horizontal pivot 50. It is noted that the hinge pivot 50, liesahead forwardlyor outwardly of the outermost vertical plane of the window. sash whichfacilitates the outwardswing of these sashes. Each sash, in addi: tion, carries a window pane 52, The hinge mounting ;of

these window sashes is similar to'that shown inmy PllOI.

Patent 2,442,363 of June 1,1948.

In addition, each sashadiacent to its. upper railandpreferably on the side rails at the opposite sides thereof,

adjacent said upper rail, is provided with an inwardly extending bracket 54. This bracket is of similar construction to brackets 29 of my prior patent aforementioned. These brackets are preferably screwed to each side rail of a window sash adjacent to the top rail thereof, as indicated in Figure 2 and comprise part of the means for opening and closing the sashes in unison.

It will be noted that the bottom rail of each sash is configured so as to close upon and form a water-tight and weatherproof joint with the top rail of the next below window sash. Suitable Weatherstripping may be connected to these members when desired.

In those instances where the sashes are formed of metal, particularly aluminum, the rails may be suitably constructed to carry Weatherstripping to seal the joints between the confronting rails of the adjacent sash when in closed position.

The present invention is directed, in particular, to the mechanism for simultaneously opening the plurality of sashes from a single operator and providing means whereby the sashes are firmly held in fully open position and are, likewise, firmly held in fully closed position.

The invention is particularly directed to the arrangement of this operating mechanism with respect to the inner Walls of the window frame so as to eliminate to a minimum the obstruction of the opening formed by the WllldOW frame and particularly, at the horizontal sill.

In the present invention means is provided for simultaneously opening and closing the sashes and this actuator is installed above the sill and only at one end thereof adjacent the bottom of one of the vertical stiles. The advantage and purpose of this construction is so that In the installation, repair and removal of this sash operating mechanism, it will not be necessary to either cut into the wood or metal of the sill or of either of the stiles of the window frame thereby eliminating repair bills and eliminating the ingress of moisture and water into the sub-structure of the sill. By mounting the operating mechanism directly above the sill at one end, it is well out of the way of any view through the window opening and yet, at the same time, due to the arrangement, both sides of the plurality of sash may be simultaneously operated from a single actuator.

In the present invention 1 have illustrated the power actuator as of worm and gear construction whereby to effect an irreversible action of the operating mechanism unless it is positively actuated by the intending mechanism. I have mounted this mechanism in a compactly arranged housing where it is grease packed for long operation and whereby many advantages hereinafter described are obtained. In its broader aspects the invention is not limited to a worm and worm gear actuator.

Referring now more specifically to the actuator, and

particularly to Figures 3, 6, 8, 10, ll, 12 and 13, I have provided a generally rectangular box-like housing 60, formed with a generally circular, relatively large opening 62 to receive, a circular worm gear 64 turnable on a central. bearing formed inthe box-like housing. The teeth of the Worm gear mesh, in turn, with a worm 68 horizontally disposed on a shaft having bearings 70' and 72' which rotate in. circular journals 74 and 76, respectively, of the housing member. An externally threaded sleeve 78; threads into. aninternally threaded bore 80 which is formed in onewall of the housing 60, so that this threaded sleeve assembles and holds the worm 68 in threaded engagement with the teeth of the worm gear 64. An extension shaft 82 from the worm. 68'projects outwardly through the sleeve 80 and is provided on its outer end with a handle 84 for turning the worm 68. Theshaft 66 which turns with the gear 64 extends outwardly through an opening in the wall of the housing 60. To the outer end of this shaft is afiixed a crank 86-having-its outer'endprovided with an aperture 88. A face plate (not shown) covers .an openingin the face 89 of housing 60 which,abuts the face of the, jamb2. Four screws 90 extend'through the housing 60'and into the jarnb 2 to secure the-housing 60 in place onthe jamb. The above mentioned face plate abutting the jamb 2 is thus held in place by the screws 90 which secure the housing 60 to jamb 2. The construction and arrangement of one of. these screws 90 is shown more clearly in Figure13 and will be referred to hereinafter.

To the outer end of the crank 86 is journalled a pivotal pin 92. which pivotally connects not only with an elongated link 94 by means of an aperture formed in the bottommost portion of said link 94, but the pivotal pin 92 also connects with a crank 98 by means of a' long slot 100 formed in the outer end of this crank 98. Suitable washers and a cotter pin 102 are provided for detaching this connection when desired.

The pivotal mounting for this crank 98 is an important part of the present invention. This crank or l nk 98 pivots about a central axis 96 (see Figure 8), which is disposed below the axis 104 of the worm gear 64. In fact, it is substantially below the axis 104 of this worm gear. So also, it is located relatively close to the top surface 1060f the sill 8 and likewise, relatively close to the outer vertical wall 110 of the sill piece or stiffener 12.

As a mounting or pivotal journal for the lower end of this link 98, 1 provide a tubular member 108 to which the link 98 is welded. This is done by forming an opening in the lower end of the link and welding, as at 110, the same to the outer wall of this tubular sleeve or member 108. The outer end of the sleeve 108 is provided with a tubular flange or journal bearing sleeve 112 of reduced diameter to receive therein the outer end of the tubular rock shaft 114. This tubular rock shaft forms a tight and rigid fit with the sleeve 112. In addition, an alternate form in construction resides in forming the sleeve 108 of steel and having splines on the inside and forming tubular rock shaft 114 of altuninum. The aluminum tube 114 is forced into this steel sleeve 108 cutting in the splines and making an effective rigid joint therebetween. The opposite end of the sleeve 108 is preferably formed of increased circumference as at 116 and receives at its end a bearing member 118 which, in turn, is provided with a laterally extending centralized tubular sleeve 120. The sleeve 108 turns freely upon the support bearing 118, the latter being stationarily fixed to the bottom of the gear housing 60. The end of the rock shaft 114 makes a tight fit with the end of the sleeve 112 so as to turn therewith when the link 98 is turned. Sleeve 120 fits within an opening 122 formed in the wall of the housing 60. A long screw 90, to which reference is made above, passes centrally through the elongated extension of sleeve 120 and passes through the housing 60 and into the structure of the side jamb of the window as described above. The construction is arranged so that the bearing thus described may be attached to either of the lower openings 122 formed in the bottom face plate of the housing as shown in Figures 11 and 13, whereby the operator may be attached either to the right or left side of the window jamb as desired, or whereby any desired arrangement or attachment or arrangement of cross-shaft may be arrived at.

It is understood that the interior of the housing 60 is packed with grease. It is to be noted that the operator above described is mounted above the sill and is preferably attached to one of the side jambs or stiles just adjacent to the bottom thereof.

It will thus be seen from Figures 2, 3, 11 and 12 that casing 60 which carries the gear wheel 64, the shaft 66, and crank arm 86, is mounted as a unit directly on the inside wall of one of the opposed spaced upright jambs at the base thereof, directly over the sill 8 (see Figure 8), and it will also be evident that the lower corner of this casing 60 at a point thereon below the axis 104 of crank 86 carries the bearing support 118 on which is mounted the bearing sleeve 108 for the cross shaft 114 (see Figures 10, 11 and 13).

This bearing sleeve 108 is thus supported directly on the wall of the gear casing 60 so that the cross shaft 114 is turnably supported in a fixed bearing necessarily located substantially below the center of turning of the driving crank 86 which forms the prime mover. By cating the hearing at that corner which lies nearest the inside of the sill 8, the axis of turning of the shaft 114 is thus located directly over and substantially adjacent the upper inner face of the sill 8 and somewhat below the top level of the sill piece 12. This bearing 118 constitutes a fixed bearing for the sleeve 108 (see Figure 13), and a fixed bearing for the cross shaft 114. This shaft 114 is turnably disposed below the top edge of the sill piece 12 and does not obstruct a view across the lower shaft when swung upwardly, as is the case in my prior Patent 2,442,363 of June 1, 1948. Pivotal mounting for the crank 98 is substantially below axis 104 of the worm gear 64 and located relatively close to the top surface 106 of the sill and relatively close to the outer 6. vertical wall of the sill piece or stiffener 12. In this manner of construction there is provided an actuating means for each end of each of the plvotally mounted vertical tiers of sashes and in a manner such that all the operating mechanism for accomplishing the same is detachably mounted directly above the surface of the sill and also in a manner so as not to obstruct the view across and over the top surface of the sill piece 12, whereby when the windows are open the view will not be obstructed across the lower portion of the sill piece or stiffener, as is the case in my prior Patent 2,442,363, when a window screen frame is not in use, or when a much lighter or narrower window screen frame is used.

Means is provided for forming a hearing or journal for the opposite end of the rock shaft 114. This construction is shown in Figures 6 and 10 where there is provided a bracket 126 provided with suitable openings to receive screws 128 which pass through the OPPOSILC side amb 4. This bracket is provided with a lateral extension 130 in which a rotatable fitting 132 (Figure 10) on the adjacent end of the rock shaft 114 rotates as shown at 134 (Figure 6). This fitting, in turn, rigidly carries with it the crank arm 136 which is provided with an opening at its outer end to receive a pivot pin 138. This pivot pin also passes through an elongated slot 140 on the bottom of a vertical link 142 which extends upwardly parallel with the link 94 as shown in Figures 6 and 10. When the crank arm 98, through its connections with the power actuator, turns the rock shaft 114, the crank arm 136 on the opposite end of the rock shar't moves angularly to operate the link arm 142. As shown in Figure 2, the upper end of the link arm 94 is pivoted as at 144 to a long link 146 and the upper end of this link, in turn, is pivoted as at 148 to another long link 150. The upper end of link 150 is pivoted as at 152 to the bracket arm 54 and the pivotal pins 148 and 144 are likewise, pivoted to the brackets 54 of the next lower sashes. The identical construction is on the opposite side of the sashes where the lower link 142 extends upwardly and connects to a similar set of linkages for operating the window sashes simultaneously on opposite sides of the power actuator; that is, a single power actuator, through the connections to the rock shaft, operates upwardly extending pairs of vertical linkages running to separate bracket arms on the side rails near the top of each one of the sashes, whereby simultaneously to operate them.

It will be noted in Figure 8 that in the fully closed position' of the sashes as shown in full lines of Figure 8, pivot pin 92 is at the closed upper end of the slot 100 of, the arm 98 and that in the fully open position of the sashes as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 8, the pivot pin 92 is at the inner end of the slot 100 of crank arm 98. This results from the fact that the axis of rotation of crank 98 is offset from the axis of rotation of crank 86. The purpose of slot 100 is thus to cooperate with pin 92 to provide a slidable connection between crank 98 and crank 86 which is required because of their different axes of rotation. By reason of this construction the slot 100 also serves to provide a stop to the opening movement of the windows. As may be seen from Figure 4 when the crank 86 has moved to the position shown in that figure the pin 92 has reached the inner end of slot 100 and force exerted on crank 86 to move it farther in a window opening direction is prevented by the engagement of pin 92 with the inner end of slot 100 from causing such movement. Thus in the construction described herein no separate stop to limit the opening movement of the sashes is required. It should also be noted that slot 140 in arm 142 compensates for the decrease in the effective length of crank 98 as compared with crank 136 which results as the mechanism moves the sashes from closed to open posltlon.

By reference to Figure 8 it will be noted that the top of the sill piece 12 is either above or just at the level of the top of the cross shaft 114 and that the frame member 34 of the screen in closed position, rests upon the top of the sill piece. When the screen is down or in closed position, the cross shaft 114 cannot be observed; so also in the winter time when the screen is out or not being used, from the inside of the room and looking out through the sash when they are in open position as shown in Figure 1, the cross shaft 114 is not observable from a view across the top of the sill piece 12.

It is within the contemplation of the invention to even mount the rock shaft 114 further down on the housing 60', such, for instahce,, asfar ,down as, is shown in. Fig res 2 and 3, or even slightlylower so that-if ,a,construction were utilized wherein the. stifiener orsill piece, 12 ,termi: hated its upper end substantially level ,with the innerrlsill and the outer sill, thetop. of ,the cross shaft 114 would still not impedethe unobstructedview, thereacross. In certain constructions, it. is desirable to enclose a cross shaft in a casing. In Figures, 3,.4..a d 5,.I have shown awood'en casing or cover comprising,.woodeusections 154 and 156 suitably joined togetherat 15.8 andconnected in any desired manner, the bottom section carryingv a log entering a slot 160 formed in thelop surface of the sill, the upper sectionlSQ of theucasing.Qverlyingrthe top surface of the sill piece. bottomrail. 34 .of., the screen frame structure comes down .up on, and. .contacts the top surface of this casing whereby to hold the casing in position. u In Figure 7 I have shown a. .difierent typeof casing, preferably a metal casing, which'has an..ar cuate. portion 162 surrounding the cross shaft llfllthmughOnLitslength and has an upstanding channel-shaped portion 164 which overlies either the top sillpiece 12 or. an upstandingflange. on the top of the sill piecelz and. the ,bottom raiL34 of the screen frame structure closes ,upon this. .chan nel section ,164' of the casingto hold,it inplace. Thebottom edge of the arcuate portionJGZ. meets anupstanding shoulder 166 of the sill piece, It is understood .that both forms of the easing thaca in x endsentireh' across the sill between the side jambs and completely covers the rock shaft 114. r It will also be understood, thatthe housing may. be provided with bottomfeet .whereby it may bemounted directly upon thetop sill adjacent to either" oflthejambs rather than being mounted on one of thestilesor .side jarnbs of the frame. The present mounting is preferred. The re i s a torque conyersign action which decreases the torque applied to the, long cr,oss,.shaftby,.which, the. torque is transmitted to the opposite side of the, sash, hence a smaller shaft or less rigidor evena ,h IlOW .shaftmay be used to connect the linkage on one side of the sash to the l k h h r .side of the sash, With the present construction of the actuator, .ilslcross shaft 114 and the linkage mechanisms, all mounted above the sill, between the two side ja'mbs adjacent to the bottom portions thereof, and the cpnnections to. the opposed side rails of therespective horizontally pivoted sashes, a number of advantages have been secured which are not present in other constructions,,either where a cross shaft is disposed within orbelow the. sill or above the sill and in the manner of my prior patent.

The advantagesfiowing fromtheconstructionillustrated or from equivalent constructions are as follows:

I provide a linkagewhich perrnitsthe lowering of the cross shaft, such as 114; to a position yery,close.to.,.the upper surfaceof the sill' 8, so that better visibility across. the sill is provided. In addition, insteadofduplicating. the linkage on both; sides, which rnight have been. done and'which, in'certaininstances is within. the contemplation of some of the broader aspects of the. invention, I provide a different linkage at the'twoside's which does a number of things:

(a), It is a cheaper-1 construction than. such. duplication becauseon one side only, one crank arm is necessary;.

(b) The present construction applies a closing force; to

both'sides of the window: sashas the sash reaches a closed position, just as eifectively' and'just as wellas a duplicate linkage on both sidesofthe cross shaft would .do.,

Due to the fact thatcr'ank arms 9and S6 rotate about different axes and are linkedthrough a, pin mounted ,in a fixed position in crank 86' and extending in slot 1630 in crank 98 the inner end'of slot 100 serves to limitthe. degree of opening movement of the wirrdows the present instance" to approximately 7'0? of movement. Also as the window sashes reachj snch fully ouen position the two linkage or crank arrangements ontheopposite sides.

cooperate to hold the sashesin open pos onand to take all back lashout of thepartsiyyithout requiring the, sash to come up against a' fixed stop.' This fixed stop would be required in case of duplicate linkages on both ends of the cross shaft 114. E

In explanation of the latter, it' is pointed out that if such duplicate linkages were used on oppositeends of the shaft 114, it would be necessary toprovide some additional meansto limitthe opening mov'ernent of the window such, for example, asafixe'd'stoeand also to use such a fixed stop to take .outthe back lash. By the fixed stop is meant an abutment engaged by the window sash itself.. ..Unless the. abutment is engaged bythe sash itself, it will not take out. the backlash in all of the linkage.

In. the present constructions .it would .be ratherdifiicult to provide a fixed abutment to be engaged by the windows in the fully open position of the window. sashes.

In certain prior. constructions the abutment was provided when certain of. the crank arms contacted portions of thesill or .frame work. However, this is an undesirable .arrangement, because of the gougingeifect in the wood. ofthe framework or. sill, or the scratching effect where such members are made of metal.

Iclairnz.

.l. A window structure providing a frame including opposed, spaced vertically. extending jambs, a sill for the blower end of said frame and lying transversely of the lower. portions of said. opposed jambs, a vertical tier of window. sashes mounted when closed to lie invertical superimposedrelation in said frame each window sash having horizontally disposed pivots on the opposed vertical jambsof the frame to allow said sashes to swing outwardly and inwardly of and relatively to said jambs and relatively to the sill, an operator support mounted adjacent to one of said jambs, a worm gear mounted on said operator support forturning about a horizontal axis, a worm on said support meshing with said Worm gear and including an operating means extending in a direction inwardly of the window frame, a first crank arm operably porting one end of said rock shaft thereon, a second hearing means mounted adjacent the other of said jambs and turnably supporting the opposite end=of said shaft, each of said bearing means being located so that its axis is below the axis of turning of said worm gear and adjacent to said sill and so as to locate the rock shaft substantially closely above and parallel to and adjacent the upper. inner surface of said sill with its axis at all times substantially below the axis of turningof said worm gear, a second crank arm connected to the first mentioned end of said rock shaft, said second crank arm being disposed in a plane substantially parallel with the plane of said first mentioned crank arm, anadjustable, shiftable pivotal connection between said first and second mentioned crank arms, linkage connection means between said interconnected crank arms and members on each of said sashes,

a third crank connected to the opposite end of said rock gear turnable. on a support about a horizontal axis, a

worm meshing with said worm gear andincluding an operating shaft extending toward the inside of, the window structure, a crank arm connected to said worm gear, an elongated rock shaft located above and extending above said sill and parallel with said sill with the top of said rock shaft substantially below the central axis of the worm gear, bearing means for. the opposed ends of said rock shaft to maintainthe same so positioned relatively to said sill, a second crank arm connected to the adjacent end of said firstmentioned rock shaft, there the oppositeend of said rock shaft and to the other side of each of said sashes, said crank arms forming a power operating mechanism betweensaidworm gear and said rock shaft in the opening and closing movement of the sashes.

3. In an awning type window structure, the combina- 0 tion. of a window frame comprisingfspaced verticaljambs,

a header and a sill forming a substantially rectangularwindow opening, a. vertical tiertof window sashes, each. sash including horizontal pivots, disposed substantially. at the upper rail of each sash, andp'ivotallymounted in...

said jarnbs to support each sash for swinging about said horizontal pivots to a closed position in a substantially common vertical plane, wherein the lower rail of one sash closes upon the upper rail of the other sash therebeneath, means for simultaneously operating said sashes comprising a relatively shallow, box-like metallic housing having a removable wall portion for giving access to the interior of the housing, said housing including a shallow chamber therein, a bearing in an opening in a wall of said housing, a worm gear having peripheral teeth and turnable about the axis of the opening in said housing, there being means passing through and closing said opening and connecting to said worm gear for turning therewith, said housing also having a second opening extending transversely of said first opening and a worm turnably journaled in said housing and meshing with said worm gear, the end of the worm gear having a projecting operator extending through said second opening, and a means for mounting said housing vertically in said window frame adjacent to the bottom portion of one of said vertical jambs with the outwardly extending turnable member of said worm gear disposed horizontally and a crank arm connected to said outwardly extending turnable member, a second crank arm turnably disposed adjacent the bottom portion of the opposite vertical jamb of the window frame, means adjustably interconnecting said crank arms for varying the relative effective length of said arms, and linkage connections from said crank arms vertically extending upwardly and generally parallel to said opposed jambs and connecting with portions on opposite sides of said respective sashes, whereby on operation of said worm and gear mechanism, said sashes are simultaneously opened or closed.

4. Mechanism for opening and closing an awning type window structure having a window jamb, said jamb having a at its lower end a transversely extending sill, said mechanism comprising a stub shaft and means for turning said stub shaft, a crank arm fixed on said stub shaft and turnable therewith, a first set of window operating linkage, a pin pivotally connecting said linkage to said crank substantially at the outer end thereof, a rock shaft pivotally mounted below said stub shaft, a first lever arm fixed on said rock shaft and having an elongated slot adjacent its free end receiving said pin, a second lever arm fixed on the opposite end of said rock shaft, a second pin on said second lever arm adjacent the free end thereof, and a second window operating linkage having a slot receiving said second pin.

5. In a window structure having a frame including opposed spaced vertically extending jambs, said jambs being of substantially identical construction and width from top to bottom, at least one of said jambs providing an elongated, vertically extending and inwardly facing casing receiving surface, a sill for the lower end of said frame, said sill forming the bottom transverse member of said frame between said opposed jambs, a horizontally pivoted window sash disposed when closed to close into position against forward portions of said jambs and to lie in the vertical plane of the forward portion of said jambs and said sill, said window sash having horizontally spaced, fixed pivots to the opposed vertical jambs of the frame to allow said sash to swing outwardly and inwardly on said fixed pivots and relatively to the vertically extending opposed forward walls of said jambs and relatively to the sill, a relatively fiat operator casing of a size adapted to fit on said casing receiving surface within the vertically opposed and horizontally spaced marginal edges of one of the confronting inner surfaces of said opposed jambs, means for so mounting said operator casing on and at the lower portion of said inner planar surface of one of said jambs substantially at the junction of said jamb and said sill, a worm gear turnably mounted within said casing about a horizontal axis, a worm in said casing meshing with said worm gear, an operating shaft extending outwardly of said casing to project inwardly of the window frame, a first crank mounted on the outer surface of said casing and connected to the worm gear to turn therewith, said first crank lying substantially parallel with the adjacent flat surface of said casing and whereby to lie parallel and adjacent said inner wall surface of said jamb on which said casing is mounted, bearing means disposed on the outer surface of said casing and located thereon below the axis of turning of said worm gear and constituting a bearing for turnably supporting one end of a rock shaft whereby to maintain the axis of one end of said rock shaft substantially below the axis of turning of said worm gear, an elongated rock shaft extending parallel to and adjacent the inner top surface of said sill and longitudinally of the same, a second bearing for said rock shaft on a lower portion of the opposed jamb of said window frame corresponding to the level thereon of said first mentioned bearing means on said casing, a second crank arm connected to the first mentioned end of said rock shaft and including an adjustably shiftable pivotal connection to said first mentioned crank arm for relatively varying the length of such arm between its pivotal connection to the first mentioned crank arm and its pivotal connection to said rock shaft, linkage interconnecting said adjustable interconnection of said cranks to said sash, a third crank arm connected to the opposite end of said rock shaft, and linkage mechanism connected to said third crank arm and to the other side of said sash, said second mentioned crank arm providing means forming a power operating mechanism between said worm gear and said rock shaft whereby to position the axis of said turnable rock shaft relatively adjacent the top surface of said sill and substantially below the axis of turning of said worm gear on said casing. I

6. A window frame structure including opposed spaced vertical jambs, at least one of said jambs providing an elongated, vertically extending flat surface of some width and extending horizontally for a substantial portion of the width of said jamb and included wholly between the forward and rearward vertical boundaries of said jamb, a sill for the lower end of said frame and forming the bottom transverse member of said frame, a horizontally pivoted window sash disposed in vertical position when closed against the opposed jambs and sill of said frame, said window sash having horizontally spaced, fixed pivots to the opposed vertical jambs of the frame to allow said sash to swing outwardly and inwardly on said fixed pivots and relatively to the vertically extending opposed flat surface of said jamb and relatively to the sill, a substantially rectangular relatively flat shallow casing mounted on and at the lower portion of said fiat surface of said one of said jambs substantially at the base thereof and relatively adjacent to the top inner surface of said sill, said casing being of such vertical and horizontal dimensions as to be mountable within the vertical and horizontal boundaries of said flat surface of said jamb between the continuously extending vertical front and rear vertical borders of said jamb, a worm gear turnably mounted within said casing about a horizontal axis, a worm in said casing meshing with said worm gear including an operating shaft extending outwardly thereof and positioned to be operated from within said window frame, a first crank operably mounted on the central axial portion of said worm gear to project outwardly of said casing and parallel to the outermost vertical wall of said casing and adjacent the same, hearing means mounted on the lower inner corner portion of said casing and extending outwardly of the outer surface thereof, an elongated rock shaft extending parallel to the top longitudinal axis of said sill and having one end turnably mounted in said last mentioned bearing means whereby to support said end of said rock shaft adjacent the inner top surface of said sill and substantially below the axis of turning of said crank arm, a second mentioned bearing for the opposite end of said rock shaft mounted to maintain said rock shaft in parallel relation to and relatively close and adjacent the top surface of said sill, a second crank arm connected to the first mentioned end of said rock shaft and including an adjustably shiftable pivotal connection to the first mentioned crank arm, means connected to one end of said rock shaft and means connected to the connection of said crank arms for pivotally shifting opposite ends of said sash on turning of said crank arms.

7. Mechanism for opening or closing an awning type window structure comprising a substantially rectangular shaped housing having means for attachment to the inner substantially fiat face of a window jamb adjacent and above the sill thereof, a gear rotatably mounted within said housing and having a turnable stub shaft extending outside of one of the walls of said housing, a worm gear mounted in said housing below said gear and meshing with the peripheral teeth thereof, said housing including on one of the faces thereof an opening extending therethrough for the reception of an elongated fastening means, a bearing member having a hollow sleeve provided with a shank adapted to fit in said opening so as to permit the passage of a fastening means through said bearing means and through the opening in said casing whereby not only to secure said bearing means to said housing but for likewise securing the housing to said jamb, said bearing means being disposed on said casing with its axis above the lowermost part of said worm gear and substantially below the axis of turning of said gear, and a sleeve of a diameter adapted to be mounted upon said bearing means whereby to support said sleeve, said sleeve having a crank arm integral therewith and said sleeve being turnable on its bearing means.

8. Mechanism for opening and closing an awning type window structure comprising a substantially flat casing having front and backsubstantially parallel walls and having means for attachment to the lower inner planar exposed faceof a window jamb, said casing having a gear turnably mounted therein, said gear having a stub shaft extending axially therethrough outwardly of one of said parallel covers of said casing, and a worm mounted in said casing and engaging the teeth of said gear, said worm having means for turning the same from the exterior of said casing whereby to turn said gear, a crank arm fixed on the outer end of said stub shaft outside of said casing and turnable therewith, said crank being of substantial length and extending parallel with one of the faces of 12 said casing and relatively adjacent thereto, means forming a bearing mounted on one of the faces of said casing substantially below said stub shaft and adjacent one of the edge portions of said casing, a sleeve-like mounting disposed on said bearing and projecting outwardly of said casing, said sleeve rigidly including a second crank arm extending in parallel relation to said crank arm and adjacent said crank arm, and said second crank arm being slotted, there being attachment means on said first mentioned crank arm engaging in the slot of said second crank arm, said attachment means including a pivotal pin.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Datev 1,082,899 Parsons Dec. 30, 1913 1,090,259 Watson Mar. 17, 1914 2,366,339 Kump Jan. 2, 1945 2,383,912 Gargiulo Aug. 28, 1945 2,442,363 Jones June 1, 1948 2,478,044 Gargiulo Aug. 2, 1949 2,551,590 Ferri May 8, 1951

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