US2688378A

US2688378A - Apparatus for delivering gases, including means for separating out entrained particles

Info

Publication number: US2688378A
Application number: US250595A
Authority: US
Inventors: Perrin Hans
Original assignee: Sulzer AG
Current assignee: Sulzer AG
Priority date: 1950-10-31
Filing date: 1951-10-10
Publication date: 1954-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 1971-09-07
Also published as: NL77756C; CH287209A

Description

Sept. 7, 1954 H. PERRIN APPARATUS FOR DELIVERING GASES, INCLUDING MEANS FOR SEPARATING OUT ENTRAINED PARTICLES Filed Oct. 10, 1951 mam/f ATTORN Patented Sept. 7, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR DELIVERING GASES, IN-

CLUDING MEANS FOR SEPARATING OUT 'ENTRAINED PARTICLES Switzerland Application October 10, 1951, Serial No. 250,595

Claims priority, application Switzerland October 31, 1950 particles, in particular to delivery apparatus includinga guiding device fitted to the inlet side for setting the incoming gas in rotation and a chamber for collecting the particles thrown out by the consequent centrifugal force.

Apparatus according to the invention is characterized by an annular conduit between the guiding device and the collecting chamber conducting the rotating gas in an axial direction, to whichannulus a deflection channel leading the gas centripetally toward the axis of the annulus is connected in such a manner that the outer casing surface of the annular conduit together with the corresponding limiting surface of the deflecting channel forms a relatively abrupt angle and at the transition from theone surface to the other there is at least one aperture leading to the collecting chamber.

Gases delivered by apparatus according to the invention are very effectively freed not only from the larger, but also from the smallest solid or liquid particles after travelling only a relatively very short distance from the inlet thereof. The invention can be used with especial success on the intakes of blowers or compressors, which should deliver dustless air.

The successful separation of particles from gas delivered by apparatus according to-the invention is caused by the superposing of several effects. Thus, first the gas is set in rotation by a guiding device, which, for example, can consist of an axial blading disposed at the entry into the annular conduit, so that the particles are centrifuged out against the casing surface limiting the annulus on the outside. On account of the annular form of this conduit the twist imparted to the gas is effective in the vicinity of the outer casing surface thereof as well as throughout its whole length. A translatory gas movement in the direction of the axis of rotation is superposed on the rotation of the gas as it leaves the guiding device. To the extent that the annular conduit has a sufficient length, which must be determined for the particular circumstances of each application by the designer, not only the heavier, but also the lighter particles will have been hurled to the outside of that conduit by the time the gas stream reaches the end thereof and a helical axial movement of all particles close to the outer casing surface will have been set up. If, at the end of the annular conduit the gas stream is deflected towards the inside approximately at right angles by a connecting, deflecting channel,

the particles carried along maintain the direction of movement once taken and therefore will pass through an aperture or several apertures provided at the angle between the outer casing surface of the annular conduit and the corresponds ing limiting surface of the deflecting channel into the collecting chamber.

In order to further increase the separating action, gas entering the annular conduit can be caused to move radially from the center to the circumference by the guiding device, which is then advantageously provided with a radial blading setting the gas in rotation, so that the particles entrained in the gas are hurled against the outer annular surface directly at entry to a greater extent than with an axial guiding device and therefore a shortening of the annular conduit is a possible.

Inorder to attain unobstructed axial movement of the rotating gas the inner surfacesof annular conduit should present a smoothly continuous contour. Its casing surfaces should, therefore, be cylindrical or only slightly conical or bent. The transition from the outer casing surface of the annular conduit to the correspond ing limiting surface of the deflecting channel on the other hand, can be about rectangular and the two surfaces can be separated by an annular aperture. Such an aperture would lead to a collecting chamber, which would also be annular. The junction of the two surfaces could also be piercedby several discrete apertures, for example, which lead to corresponding single collecting chambers. The collecting chamber or chambers are closed to the outside, so that they are under the static pressure of the inflowing gas stream. In the case of a blower or compressor with gas turbine drive, the collecting chamber can be connected-by a discharge pipe into the exhaust vent of the gas turbine for the purpose of sucking the dust particles from the collecting chamber by ejector action.

Two examples of construction of the subject of the invention are shown, simplified, in the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows, partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal section, a centrifugal blower whose intake is provided with apparatus according to the invention;

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through the development of a portion of the axial blading of the guiding device of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows, partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal cross-section, turbine-driven, centrifugal compressor whose intake is provided with a modified form of apparatus according to the invention; and

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through a part of the radial blading of the guiding device of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.

According to Fig. 1, a centrifugal blower II has, on the suction side, an annular conduit l2, which is limited by the outer casing surface [3 and the inner casing surface l4. On the inlet side of this annular conduit [2 is the guiding device [5 shown in development in Fig. 2 and consisting of axial, stationary, curved blading l6 arranged in the entry to annulus 12. When the blower II is operating, the guiding device I5 sets in rotation air entering at H, so that particles of dust entrained in the air are hurled against the outer casing surface l3 by centrifugal force. The particles of dust travel together with the air stream, simultaneously rotating and moving on axially under the influence of the guiding device l5, pressed always by centrifugal force against the outer casing surface [3. A deflection of the air flow to the center is brought about at the end of the annular conduit l2 by means of the connecting, deflecting channel formed by the limiting surfaces I8 and I9, so that dust-free air enters the intake guides 2| of the blower ll, whereas the particles of dust travel further in their previous axial direction along the outer casing surface [3 and therefore pass through the annular aperture 22 into the annular collecting chamber 23 and from there fall into the removable collecting chamber 24.

In the form of apparatus shown in Fig. 3, a centrifugal blower 3| has, on the suction side, an annular conduit 32, which is limited by the outer casing surface 33 and the inner casing surface 34. To the inlet end of this annular conduit 32 is connected a guiding device 35 consisting of a radial annular chamber fitted with radial, stationary, curved blading 36, shown in section in Fig. 4. Air entering at 31, after being set in rotation by the radial blades 36, is deflected by 90 at the transition from the radial guiding device 35 into the axial annular conduit 32, so that the particles of dust are forthwith hurled here at the entry to annulus 32 against its outer casing surface 33 to an extent materially increased over that occurring at the entry to the annulus l2 from the axial guiding device l5 shown in Fig. 1. By

4 to the intake guides 4| of blower 3|. The dust, on the other hand, passes through the annular aperture 42 between surfaces 33 and 38,into an annular collecting chamber 43.

Blower 3| is driven by exhaust gas turbine 45. A discharge pipe 46 leads from chamber 43 into exhaust stack 41 of turbine 45. The flow of waste gases from turbine 45 passing the outlet end 48 of pipe 46 continuously draws off the dust accumulating in chamber 43.

The invention is not limited to use with the type machines selected for illustration, since dust separating apparatus according to the invention could just as well be connected in front of any other machine sucking in air or other gases, for example, a piston compressor or blower or it could be used as an air filter on an internal combustion engine. Moreover, with apparatus according to the invention, solid or liquid particles which are per se valuable can be separated from the air or another gas stream with the minimum possible loss.

Having described my invention in detail in connection with two specific embodiments thereof, I wish it understood that I do not consider my invention to be limited to the details of the embodiments disclosed, but rather by the scope of the appended claim.

I claim:

In gas delivery apparatus, a gas pump, a gas turbine driving said pump, and gas cleaner means connected to the intake of said pump for removing non-gaseous material from the gas drawn thereinto, said means comprising an annular channel of substantial axial extent, guide means for imparting rotation about the axis of said channel to gas drawn thereinto, a centrally directed channel'connecting the outlet of said annular channel to the intake of said pump, the outer bounding surface of said annular channel making an abrupt transition to the outer boundary surface of said centrally directed channel, an aperture at said transition, a collection chamber connected to said aperture beyond said channels, an ejector in the exhaust from said gas turbine, and a conduit connecting said collection chamber to said ejector.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,447,554 Jones Mar. 6, 1923 1,505,564 Jett Aug. 19, 1924 1,586,980 Du Pont June 1, 1926 1,745,950 Orem Feb. 4, 1930 2,039,127 Sylvan Apr. 28, 1936 2,375,203 Appeldoorn May 8, 1945 2,512,401 Whittaker June 20, 1950