US2687102A - Truss support - Google Patents

Description

24, 1954 P. I. RONGVED ET AL TRUSS SUPPORT Filed Dec. 6, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 d ma T v W p m 6 f F m W 14 4 we 2m w I. N mvE QM.

WW w. v m\ru 4, 1954 P. 1. RONGVED ET AL 2,687,102

'TRUSS SUPPORT Filed Dec. 6, 1952 3 Sheets-Shed 3 Ii IIIIIIIIAI "I Y/////////(///////// X\/ ///I 4 INVENTORS Patented Aug. 24, 1954 UNITED STATES. ATENT OFFICE TRUSS SUPPORT Paul I. Rongved, Riverdale, N. Y., and Cyral P.

Erwin, Houston, Tex., assignors to The Erwin- Newman Company, Houston, Tex., a cpartnership Application December 6, 1952, Serial No. 324,438

port, forlbuildings, roofs or bridge structures,

which can be substantially shallower in depth for a given load. carrying capacity to thereby provide a truss support which can be substantially reduced in weight and made more readily portable from the point of fabrication to the point of erection. 1

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a truss support of the above character which uses less steel, or other material used for the fabrication of the support, for a given load carrying capacity and also requires a lesser amount of labor for its handling and erection to thereby facilitate such handling and erection.

Another important object of the present invention is the provision of a truss support of the above character in which the deflection, at the outer unsupported end of the truss support, is substantially less than such deflection in the heretofore used cantilever type trusses. Pursuant to this object of the present invention, the truss support is so constructed and arranged that live load deflection will be counteracted by temperature deflection to thereby neutralize or partiaily neutralize such live load deflection. This inherent tendency to balance the deflection minimizes the downward deflection at the outer end of the truss support so that when said support is used in a hangar installation where the hangar doors are guided at their upper ends by structure associated with said outer end of the support, such guide structure can be made substantially shallower than in heretofore used constructions with the attendant advantages of saving material, reducing the weight at the outer end of the support, and facilitating the sliding movement of hangar doors guided by such structure.

Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of a generally improved truss support system of the above character which, in its preferred form, is assembled from components which are structurally simple and relatively easy to assemble and erect, and which system provides inherent substantial economies over prior art systems consistent with load carrying capacity.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic transverse view of an only. 35"

airplane hangar utilizing the truss support system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of the encircled portion 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of the encircled portion 4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5is a sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of the encircled portion 6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational M View of the encircled portion 1 of Fig. 1;

of Fig, '7;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8 8 Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig. 1 thereof, there is shown a hanger Ill for airplanes having a truss support structure I? formed according to the present invention.

1;; Although the support structure 12 is shown in association with hangar ll) it will be understood that such support structure may be used in any building structure or bridge structure and its utilization in hangar I0 is by way of example Hangar l6 may be constructed in any desired manner and in the illustratedembodiment said hangar is of the double type being constituted by hangar portions I l and it which are structurally similar and which are separated by the lean-to l8 which extends for the length of said hangar. The hangar Hl may be of any desired length and Fig. 1 is illustrative of a transverse portion of said hangar showing the truss support I2 associated with such hangar.

. It will be understood that the hangar Ill will be provided with a plurality of laterally spaced truss supports [2 with the number of such supports provided being in accordance with the hangar length. Each of the truss supports 42 is structurally similar and is associated with hangar If! in a similar manner, and accordingly only one of such truss supports Will be described in detail on tracks at their lower ends. The doors 20 are guided at their upper ends for slidable movement by structure to be described in detail hereinafter.

The truss support 12 comprises a balanced compression member 22, a cantilever member 24 which is secured thereto, and the rigid means 26 which is capable of taking compression or tension which in the illustrated embodiment is constituted by the member 23 and associated supporting structure which will be described in detail hereinafter. It will be evident that the truss support l2 extends transversely of the hangar section 14 for the full width thereof and that a plurality of such truss supports will be provided in laterally spaced disposition, said truss supports being adapted to support the hangar roof (not shown) of hangar section 14. Although the longitudinally extending inner member 22 in the preferred embodiment is a balanced compression member it is to be noted that in truss support l2 it is not essential that member 22 be a balanced compression member since other types of members will suifice for the accomplishment of the intended purpose. In this connection it will be noted that the member 22 is somewhat arched and is so shaped that the resultant force acting thereon creates forces in the top and bottom chords of truss 22 acting in the same direction and approximately equal in magnitude. Thus member 22 is a balanced compression member similar to an arch following the thrust line. The member 22 is framed together as in a conventional cantilever support so that the component members give mutual support and prevent distortion of the member, said member comprising a truss framework of straight members connected at their ends and having internal axial stresses either in tension or compression as the main forces to which they are subjected. Thus the member 22 is braced in any suitable manner by a plurality of diagonal rods 34 to produce the conventional triangulation illustrated in Fig. 1. Thus the balanced compression member 22 is structurally similar to a conventional cantilever support except that said member 22 is formed substantially shallower in depth than such conventional support for an equivalent load carrying capacity, for the reasons which will be fully brought out hereinafter.

With reference to Figs. 1 and 6, there is shown one possible manner of interconnection between member 22 and the upright support 32 of lean to H3. The upright support 32 is preferably formed of a plurality of I-beam sections 34 which are joined together in end-to-end relation by means of the plates 36, said plates being suitably secured to said I-beam sections in any conventional manner, as by means of the rivets 38. Thus the upright support or column 32 is formed by suitably securingtogether a plurality of sections, said sectional arrangement being desired in order to minimize the transporting and handling problem. The inner end 40 of the member 22 is secured to the upright support 32 by means of the rocker joint 42. Although a rocker joint 42 is used in the preferred embodiment it will be apparent that any type joint may be utilized for this purpose and such joint may be of the fixed type. Thus the upright support 32 is provided with a fitting 44 secured thereto, said fitting having a planar face 46 which is adapted to cooperate with thearcuate face 48 of fitting 50 which is secured to the member 22. The fittings 44 and 50 are maintained in assembled relation by means of the bolt 52 which passes through aligned apertures in such fittings.

The cantilever member or outer member 24 is formed structurally similar to the member 22 except that the former is not a balanced compression member. The members 22 and 24 are preferably formed by a plurality of angle members which are secured together to give mutual support and, although in the preferred embodiment the members 22 and 24 are formed as separate structures, it will be understood that if desired said members may be formed as one integral structure or may be formed of a greater number of components than that shown and described herein. The cantilever member 24 is adapted to be supported at its inner end 54 and its opposite end 56 is unsupported externally as in conventional cantilever supports.

With reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 4 there is shown the manner of interconnection between the members 22 and 24 of truss sup-port 12, it being noted that members 22 and 24 are adapted to be assembled at the point of erection in the manner now to be described. The members 58 constitute part of the support member 22 whereas the members 69 constitute partof the support member 24, said members 58 and 60 being secured to the plate 62 in any desired manner, as by means of rivets and the like. Thus the securement of the angle members 58 and 6B of the members 22 and 24, respectively, to the support plate 62 is effective to maintain the upper part of members 22 and 24 secured together in fixed relation. In practice, the support plate 62 will be secured to the angle members til of member 24 at the point of fabrication and the angle members 58 of member 22 will be secured to said plate at the point of erection, it being noted that the member 24 constitutes the shorter section so that the securement of the plate 82 to said section will tend to balance the shipping load of the truss support [2 to the point of erection.

The angle members 58' and lit at the lower part of the members 22 and 24, respectively, are secured together in a similar manner through the intermediation of the plate 64. It will be noted that the vertical members 62 are secured to both plates 62 and 54, said members being designated as SE! at the lower ends thereof. With reference to Fig. 5 it will be noted that angle members 60' 'are constituted by a pair of angle members in side by side relation, it being understood that if desired members 22 and 24 may be similarly constituted in their entirety or may be formed by the interconnection of single angle members, or by any combination thereof. The lowermost angle members 58 and 60' are further secured together by means of the plate 66 which overlaps adjacent end portions of said members and is secured thereto in any conventional manner, as by means of rivets, or the like In practice, the plates 64 and 66 will be secured, as by means of rivets, to the angle members of cantilever member 24 and the angle members 53 of member 22 will be secured to said plates at the point of erection. From the above it will be apparent that the members 22 and 24 may be fabricated as one unitary structure or may be fabricated of a plurality of component parts and subsequently assembled in the aforedescribed manner to produce the structure designated as 22 and 24 of the truss support i2. As afore pointed out the end 56 of member 24 is unsupported, said end being provided with the guiding structure 68 which is adapted to guide the sliding doors 20 at their upper ends. The truss support I2, which is structurally similar to a conventional cantilever type support, is substantially shallower in depth for a given load carrying capacity than such conventional support, which results from the utilization of the means 26 capable of taking compression or tension which partially supports the members 22 and 24 aforedescribed and opposes turning moments of support I2 about joint 42 in two opposite directions. Thus the members 22 and 24 are substantially shallower in depth for a given load carrying capacity due to the integration with said members of the means 26 capable of taking compression or tension which contributes to the support of said members and opposes the turning moments thereof.

The member 28 capable of'taking tension or compression of the means 26 is constituted by a longitudinally extending I-beam, said member I 28 being supported at one end 10 by the column 32, the opposite end I2 of said member being adapted to be secured to the members 22 and 24 at an intermediate point thereof, for example at the upper point of interconnection between the members 22 and 24.

With reference to Figs. 7 and 8 there is shown the manner of interconnection between the end I0 of the member 28 and an adjacent portion of the upper end of upright I-beam 32. The member I4 which is capable of taking compression or tension is also constituted by an I-beam and is interconnected at a common point with the interconnection of upright support 32 and the member 28. A pair of plates 16 are secured to the web portion I8 of member I4 in any suitable manner as by means of welding, riveting, or the like, said plates being adapted to receive therebetween the upright plate 00 which is secured to the base plate 82, the latter in turn being secured to the plate 84 which is suitably secured to the uppermost end portion of the upright support 32. The web portion 86 of the member 28 has secured thereto in any conventional manner a pair of filler plates 88, said filler plates having a pair of securing plates '90 secured thereto, said plates 00 being adapted to straddle the spaced plates I6 which are secured to member I4. The plate 80, the plates I6, and the plates 90 are provided with apertures which are adapted to be aligned in their properly assembled relation for the reception of the bolt 92, the latter being adapted to receive the nut 84 for maintaining the upright support 32 and the members 28 and 14 in asse bled relation.

With reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 and as afore pointed out in detail, the support plate 62 is utilized for interconnecting the members 22 and 24 at their upper connection point. This same support plate 62 is also utilized for interconnecting one end of the member 28 to the interconnected members 22 and 24. More particularly, the web portion 86 of member has secured thereto in any conventional manner a pair of filler strips or plates 98, said filler strips in turn being secured to the plates I00. Similarly, the plate 62 has a pair of plates I02 secured thereto, said pair of plates being adapted to be secured to the plates I00. The plates I00 and I02 and the support plate 62 are suitably apertured therethrough and said apertures are adapted to be aligned for the reception of the bolt I04 which is adapted to receive the nut I08 for effecting the securement of the member 28 to the plate 62 and consequently to the assembled members 22 and 24. Thus the plate 82 constitutes the connecting means for interconnecting members 22, 24 and 28, it being understod that said interconnection may be accomplished in any desirable manner and the specific interconnection aforedescribed is merely by way of example and is not to be construed in any limiting sense.

With reference to Figs. 1, 9 and 10 there is shown the manner of interconnection between the member I4 and the members I06, H0 and H2, said members I08 and H0 being in the form of I-beams and constituting the means for the support of one end of member I4. Thus the members I08 and I I0 are in the form of members capable of taking tension or compression and together with the member I4 and the upright support 32 constitute the support structure for the member 28. The web portion I8 of member I4 has secured thereto in any suitable manner a pair of filler strips I IS, the latter having secured thereto in any desired manner the plates II8, said plates being adapted to be secured to the support plate I20 in a manner to be described hereinafter. The web portion i 22 of the member II2 similarly has secured thereto a pair of filler strips I24, the latter having secured thereto the plates I26 which are in turn adapted to be secured to the support plate I20. Thus each of the members 14 and H2 are secured to the support plate I 20 in a similar manner, the plates I I8 and I26 being suitably apertured for the reception of the bolts I26 which pass through aligned apertures of the support plate I20, said bolts being adapted to receive nuts I30 for effecting the interconnection between members 74 and H2 through the intermediation of the plate I20. It will be understood that the apertures in the support plate I20 and plates H8 and I26 are adapted to be aligned for the through reception of bolts I28, the latter in conjunction with nuts I36 constituting the fastening means for effecting this interconnection. The members I08 and H0 are connected in mutual angular relation to the support plate I20, each of said members being connected to the plate I20 in a similar manner. The end I32 of member I08 has a fiat plate I34 secured thereto in any desired manner, said plate in turn having an angle bracket I36 secured thereto. More particularly, the base I38 of the angle bracket I36 is secured to the plate I34 and the projecting or leg portion I00 of said bracket is secured to the plate M0 by means of the bolts I42. As aforenoted the member H0 is similarly connected to the support plate I20 through the intermediation of a plate I34 and bracket I36.

With reference to Figs. 1, 11 and 12 there is shown thespecific manner of interconnection between the lower end portion of members I08 and I I0 and the longitudinally extending horizontally disposed I-beam member I44 which constitutes an upper supporting member of lean-to I8. It will be apparent that the member I44 opposes the horizontal component of the'force of the member 22 against the column 32. The I-beam member I44 is provided with an end plate I46 as best shown in Fig. 6, said end plate'being secured to the upright column 32 adjacent to the point of interconnection between said column and member 22. The

members I08 and III) are secured to the member I46 of the member I08 is secured to one leg I48 of the bracket i513, said leg I48 being secured to the web portion i52 of the member I68 in any desired manner, as by means of bolts and nuts I54 and IE6, respectively. The base portion I58 of the bracket i159 is secured to an adjacent portion of the face iti) of the member I44, said securement being effected by means of the bolts 562.

The member I52, which is capable of taking tension or compression, is structurally similar to the member M and is associated with the truss support I2 in the same manner that the member id is associated with the truss support l2. The members it and II?) also constitute support means for the member H2 and it will be readily apparent that the inventive concept herein disclosed is equally applicable for utilization with a single hangar section I-i. Thus truss support I2 may be used in association with a single hangar section i i in which case the member H2 and its associated structure utilized for the support of the truss support I2 will be dispensed with. The means 25 which is capable of taking tension or compression as herein described and illustrated for hangar section it is constituted by the member 28 and structure utilized for the support of said member, said structure being the members 74, E23 and i it and the I-beam upright column 32. Thus column 22 and members 28, I2, I08 and i ii: are members which are capable of taking tension or compression which are adapted to aid in the support of the integrated structure constituted by the members 22 and 24 whereby the latter members can be substantially shallower in depth for a given load carrying capacity than conventional cantilever arrangements. It is to be noted that the inclined I-beam member 28 may be supported in any desired manner and that the specific support means aforedescribed and constituted by the members I4, I03 and Iii! and column 32 is given merely by way of example. Thus the member 28, which is secured to the members 22 and 24 at a point spaced from the joint 42, may have its end "iii supported in spaced relation relative to said joint in any desired manner. From the above it will therefore be apparent that the member 23 constitutes the principal support member of the means 26 which is capable of taking tension or compression and that the structure associated with the end I of member 22 constitutes structure of means 26 which is utilized for the support of the end It! of member 28. Thus the truss support i2 is supported at joint 52 and is supported at a point spaced therefrom by the means 26 which is capable of taking tension or compression and more specifically by the end 12 of the member 28. The member 28 has its end it arranged in relation to the joint 42 and the point of interconnection between the members 22 and 22 so that a large lever arm is provided by column 52, said lever arm extending between the point of interconnection 42 and the point of interconnection between member 28 and column 32. Thus the portion of the column 32 between the adjacent ends of the members 22 and 28 and their point of interconnection with the upright support 32 constitutes a large lever arm for the support of members 22 and 22 to thereby enhance the supporting characteristics of the means 26. It is to be noted that lean-to I8 and associated structure constitute vertical supporting means for truss support 52, and that the means 26 which is capable of taking tension or compression is disposed above truss i2 and is secured thereto at a point spaced from joint 42 whereby to oppose turning moments of said truss in either of two opposite directions about said joint. Although specific interconnections between the members of the truss support system have been illustrated and described, it will be understood that any suitable interconnections may be used.

As aforepointed out the member 22 of the support :2 is preferably constructed as a balanced compression member although it will be understood that said member need not be a balanced compression member in the system aforedescribed. The deflection at the end 56 of the truss support i2 is substantially less than the deflection in the heretofore used cantilever type trusses, this feature being achieved by constructing and arranging the live load deflection as to be counteracted by temperature defiection to thereby neutralize or partially neutralize the live load deflection. For example, under certain climatic conditions thereof hangar it would be weighted down by snow deposited thereon which would be effective to deflect the end 56 of support I2 downwardly, as will be readily apparent. Under such conditions the member 28 which is outside of the hangar proper would contract due to the lower atmospheric temperature whereas the members 22 and 24 would not so contract and might even expand depending on the temperature in the hangar. Thus the live load deflection at the end. 56 of support i2 would be counteracted by the temperature deflection aforediscussed so that these two tendencies act in opposite directions to thereby neutralize each other or partially neutralize each other. Consequently the deflection due to the live load under the above noted conditions is compensated for, either wholly or partially, by the deflection due to temperature variation and the deflections of the live load and the deflections due to temperature variation will never be in the same direction but on the contrary will always act in opposite directions to thereby tend to neutralize each other. This balanced defleo= tion feature permits the guiding structure 53 for the hangar doors at to be substantially shallower than in the heretofore used constructions with the attendant advantages of saving material, reducing the weight at the outer end of support i2, and facilitating the sliding movement of hangar doors 2c guided at their upper ends by the guiding structure 68.

Thus the truss support 52 which is structurally similar to acantilevcr type support can be substantially shallower in depth for a given load carrying capacity so that the support i2 can be substantially reduced in weight and made more readily portable from the point of fabrication to the point of erection. As afore pointed out the means 25 which is capable of taking tension or compression, constituted by the member 28 and associated support structure, aids in the support of the unitary structure constituted by the members 22 and 24 whereby said unitary structure can be made substantialy shallower as aforedescribed. The means 26 which is capable of taking tension or compression is constituted by I-beam members which have the characteristic of withstanding both tension and compression forces depending on the forces acting on the unitary structure constituted by the members 22 and 24. Thus when downward forces are applied to truss support I2 the member 22 will oppose a counter-clockwise moment of support l2 about joint 22 and will have tension stresses applied thereto whereas when upward forces are applied to said support compression stresses will be set up in member 28.

9 to oppose a clockwise moment of support I 2 about joint 412, as will be readily apparent. The support structure aioredescribed in detail is preferably fabricated of steel utilizing conventionally shaped structural members although it will be understood that such members may be constructed of any of the well known structural materials and may be shaped in any desired manner. The truss support 12, in its preferred form, is assembled from components which are structurally simple and relatively easy to assemble and erect, and

I which support provides inherent substantial economies over prior art supports consistent with load carrying capacity. It will be readily apparent that members 22 and 2d are substantially shallower in depth for a given load carrying capacity than a conventional cantilever type support due due to the integration with said members of the means 25 which is capable of taking compression or tension whereby there is obviated the need for forming said members of such weight as to provide sufficient deadload to oppose a clockwise moment of said members about joint 42. Further it is to be noted that member 22 is acted upon by a resulting reaction at each end and primarily by transverse forces over the length thereof, said reactions and forces creating a thrustline similar to an arch. There may exist more than one thrustline depending on the various loading conditions and by shaping member 22 so that the top chord is above and the bottom chord is below such thrustiine or thrustlines, a maximum economy of materials is achieved and said member Will be of minimum depth.

While we have shown and described the preferred embodiment of our invention, it will be understood that various changes may be made in the present invention without departing from the underlying idea or principles of the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a structure, vertical supporting means, a truss secured at its inner end to said vertical supporting means and projecting outwardly therefrom, and means for suspending said truss from said vertical supporting means comprising rigid means capableof taking compression or tension disposed above said truss and secured to the latter at a point spaced from said inner end of the truss for opposing the turning moments of the truss in either of the two directions about the point of said securement of its inner end to said vertical supporting means, said rigid means capable of taking tension or compression comprising a member secured to said vertical supporting means at a point spaced upwardly from the top of the truss at the inner end thereof and extending from said last mentioned point to said point of securement to the truss, said truss having a cantilever section projecting outwardly beyond said point at which said rigid means capable of taking tension or compression is secured to said truss.

2. In a structure, vertically extending supporting means, a truss secured at its inner end to said vertically extending supporting means and projecting outwardly therefrom, and means for suspending said truss from said vertically extending supporting means comprising rigid means capable of taking compression or tension disposed above said truss and secured to the latter at a point spaced from said inner end of the truss for opposing the turning moments of the truss in either of the two directions about the point of said securement of its inner end to said vertically extending supporting means, said means capable of taking tension or compression comprising a member having an inner end secured to said vertically extendin supporting means at a point spaced upwardly from the top of the truss at the inner end thereof and extending from said last mentioned point to said point of securement to the truss, said vertically extending supporting means having a part disposed laterally and downwardly of said inner end of said first mentioned member, and a rigid member connected to said inner end of said first mentioned member and connected to said part of said vertically extending supporting means, at least part of said truss being a balanced compression member extending longitudinally of the truss between its inner end and the point at which said rigid means capable of taking compression or tension is secured to the truss.

3. In a structure, a truss, means for supporting said truss at the inner end thereof at a point ver- 'cally spaced from the lower end of said sup porting means, and rigid means capable of taking tension or compression disposed above said truss and secured to the latter at a point spaced outwardly from said first mentioned point, said rigid means capable of taking tension or compression comprising a member secured to said first men-- tioned means at a point spaced upwardly from said truss at the inner end thereof and extending from said last mentioned point to said outwardly spaced point, said truss comprising framework members connected to each other, said means which is capable of taking compression or tension acting on said framework as a unit to oppose the turning moments of said framework in either of two opposite directions about said first mentioned point.

4. In a structure, a truss, means for supporting said truss at the inner end thereof at a point vertically spaced from the lower end of said supportingmeans and rigid means capable of taking tension or compression disposed above said truss and secured to the latter at a point spaced outwardly from said first mentioned point, said rigid means capable of taking tension or compression comprising a member secured to said first mentioned means at a point spaced upwardly from said truss at the inner end thereof and extending from said last mentioned point to said outwardly spaced point, said truss comprising framework members connected to each other and having internal axial stresses either in tension or compression as the main forces to which they are subjected, said means which is capable of taking compression or tension acting on said framework as a unit to oppose the turning moments of said framework in either of two opposite directions about said first mentioned point, said means for supporting said truss comprising a vertical column to which said member is anchored at said inner end thereof, said vertical column being subjected. to the horizontal component of the force of said truss therea ainst, and means for opposing said horizontal component of the force of said truss against said column.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Y Number Name Date 1,773,656 Wasilkowski Aug. 19, 1930 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 302,005 Germany Oct. 9, 1914 554,327 Great; Britain June 29, 1943

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