US2686524A - Nozzle-type filter for use in pipes or cigarette holders - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 17, 1954 KERSHAW, 5R ET AL 2,686,524

NOZZLE-TYPE FILTER FOR USE IN PIPES OR CIGARETTE HOLDERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 24. 1950 E wfl m N W M N W la N N. 0 5 M A m wmw m B 3%? A 1954 R. E. KERSHAW, 5R, ETAL 2,686,524

NOZZLE-TYPE FILTER FOR USE IN PIPES OR CIGARETTE HOLDERS Filed Aug. 24, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 6910/64 05 8- mac/6A4 C944 Sfiem 8; 5/. 5 &

ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 17, 1954 NOZZLE-TYPE FILTER FOR USE IN PIPES OR CIGARETTE HOLDERS Robert E. Kershaw, Sr., Key West, Fla., and Thomas F. Irvine, Jr., State College, Pa.

Application August 24, 1950, Serial No. 181,296

1 Claim. 1

Our invention relates broadly to pipes and cigarette holders and more particularly to a construction of nozzle-type filter for use in pipes and cigarette holders.

One of the objects of our invention is to provide a construction of nozzle-type filter for pipes and cigarette holders constructed to increase the velocity of the smoke While lowering the temperature of the smoke and subsequently trapping the nicotine and tar.

Another object of our invention is to provide a construction of filter having a nozzle-shaped conduit for use in pipes and cigarette holders for maintaining the temperature of the smoke on the mouth side of the filter substantially constant while the smoke temperature before the filter may have a range of the order of 78 F. to 100 F.

Still another object of our invention is to provide a construction of filter having a nozzle: shaped conduit for use in pipes and cigarette holders embodying a minimum number of parts which may be readily disassembled for cleaning and which includes a cylindrical trap for extracting and collecting nicotine from the smoke.

A still further object of our invention is to provide a construction of filter having a nozzleshaped conduit for pipes and cigarette holders which a temperature reduction is accomplished by expanding the smoke through the nozzle shaped conduit while increasing the velocity to the extent which facilitates extraction of nicotine and tar by abruptly changing the direction of the moving smoke.

A still further object of our invention is to provide a construction of a filter for pipes or cigarette holders including a nozzle shaped conduit continuous with an expansion chamber concentrically disposed within a trap chamber, the nozzle shaped conduit, the expansion chamber and the trap chamber being so proportioned that an abrupt change in the direction of movement of the smoke is effected and the heavier tar products in the smoke, because of inertia, being unable to change direction as quickly as the lighter products in the smoke, are precipitated and the tar products collected in the trap chamber while the smoke continues to move through the pipe or cigarette holder.

Other and further objects of our invention reside in a construction of a filter having a nozzleshaped conduit for pipes and cigarette holders in which the parts are proportioned to efiect increase in velocity and a lowering of temperature of the smoke while extracting therefrom nicotine and tar products as set forth more iully n th sp cificat n h a te oll w ng by l ierenee t9 h om in d aw n s which Fi ure 1 is a longi u in l sectiona v ew tak n t ou h a i e show n h a pl eetlen 0f the filter of our inv nt on ta n of he parts lee-1 ing shown in elevation; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view on a slightly enlarged scale showing the nozzle-type filter of our invention position; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken On line 3-3 of F F i a v r ica seetiona view ta en on li 4 o F e- 2; Fie- 5 is a ver ic s c ion l vie en on line of Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view ake on line ;65 of Fig. 2; Fig, '7 is a vertical sectional view through th fi t r S q or 9 1. ly the construction of the nozzle and the expansion chamber; Fig. ,8 is a cross-sectional view showi g more clearly the trap chamber which receives the filter and expansion chamber; and Fig. 9 is a curve diagram showing the characteristics of the filter of our invention as (5011 -1 pared to the characteristics of a conventional type filter heretofor u e i pi es and are t holders.

Our invention is directed to a construction of smoke filter for use in pipes and cigarette hold,- ers that lowers the temperature of the smoke and removes large amounts of the nicotine and tar. The temperature reduction is accomplished by expanding the smoke through a nozzle shaped conduit. The resulting velocity increase is then utilized to remove the nicotine and tar by abrupt- 1y changing the direction of the moving smoke. The heavier tar products because ,of inertia, are unable to change direction as easily as the lighter products in the smoke so that the tar is extracted from the smoke and precipitated in a trap chamber where it collects and is removed from time to time. The temperature of the smoke on the mouth-side of the nozzleetype filter remains essentially constant while the smoke temperature before the filter is raised from 78 F. to F. This compares to the action of a conventional filter where the smoke temperature on the mouth-side of the filter may rise from 78 F. to 83 F. under substantially like conditions.

Referring to the drawings in detail reference character I designates the conventional pipe stem while reference character 2 designates the conventional mouth-piece. The filter and trap chamber of our invention are located between the tubular portion of pipe stem I adjacent the combustion zone and the bit or mouth-piece 2 a s wn- T e titer c si ts 9 a c l ndr ca rt n 3 i te r l enn h d with a e i driee portion 4 of reduced section constituting an expansion chamber. The cylindrical portion 4 of reduced section is provided with three sets of apertures. One set of these apertures designated at 5 are located in alignment with a vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the pipe or cigarette holder when in smoking position. The other sets of apertures are located in the side walls of cylindrical portion t as represented at S and 'i disposed at 90 from the set of apertures 5 and diametrically aligned with respect to each other. The set of apertures 5 are located in linear alignment with each other and between the spaced positions of the sets of apertures 6 and 'i'. All of the apertures are located in the cylindrical portion 4 of reduced section beyond the cylindrical portion 3. The cylindrical portion 4 constituting the expansion chamber terminates within the cylindrical portion 3 at outwardly inclined wall 8 which connects to the minimum section end of the nozzle 50. The maximum section end of the nozzle i opens into the recessed cylindrical portion H of the cylindrical portion 3. Thus smoke from the pipe bowl |2 passes through bore M and enters the filter at position I being directed into the recessed cylindrical portion H and into the wide section end of the nozzle like conduit Hi. The nozzle shaped conduit 0 is formed on a curve extending from the maximum section Hia to the minimum section lb forming a central continuous passage with respect to the column formed by the connection of the pipe bowl l2 through bore M to the position at the entrance to the filter. The velocity of the smoke is increased over the distance from the maximum section end to the minimum section end of the nozzle shaped conduit It and its temperature is lowered over the same distance after which the smoke is injected into the cylindrical expansion chamber 4. The cylindrical portion 3 is provided with external screw threads i6 thereon located in a position adjacent the connection of the cylindrical portion' 4 of reduced section with the cylindrical portion 3. The screw threads it are substantially central of the overall length of the nozzletype filter within cylindrical portions 3 and i.

The external screw threads it engage the internal screw threads ii in the trap chamber section i8 of the filter. The trap chamber section it serves as the coupling means between the pipe and the mouth-piece 2 of the pipe. Trap chamber section is has a reduced cylindrical end portion i9 which enters the end of the stem of the mouth-piece 2 at 20. The interior of the trap chamber section |8 is provided with an internally disposed baiiie 2| in a position intermediate the connection of the cylindrical portion IQ of reduced section and the cylindrical portion |8 of the trap chamber section. Bafile 2| extends across the entire interior bore of the trap chamber section It except for a segmental shaped opening 22 arranged in the baflie 2| in a position adjacent the top of the baffle 2| when the pipe or cigarette holder in which the filter is installed is held in a horizontal smoking position. The baffle 2| is centrally recessed forming a cylindrical socket shown at 23 for receiving the end 24 of the expansion chamber 4. As the several parts comprising the filter and the trap chamber are linearly brought together into a position coupling the mouth-piece 2 and the pipe I the end 24 of expansion chamber 4 enters the cylindrical socket or recess 23 and is supported in spaced relation to the interior wall 25 of the cylindrical portion l8. Thus a trap chamber 26 4 for nicotine and tar products is formed in an annular cylindrical zone intermediate the inner wall 25 of trap chamber section i8 and the exterior surface of expansion chamber 4 of the filter section.

In order for the smoke to escape from expansion chamber 4 it must quickly change its direction under conditions of high velocity through the nozzle shaped conduit It and the expansion chamber 4 at which time the heavier smoke products, or nicotine and tars being unable to undergo this abrupt change in direction of fiow are impacted against the bafiie 2|. The smoke after coming out of the sets of apertures 5, 6 and l in expansion chamber 4 into the trap chamber 26, must again change direction abruptly to make its way through the ejection aperture 22 in battle 26. This additional direction change again results in the impacting of the smoke against the inner walls 25 of the trap chamber section I8 and against the annular zone 2'! of the baflie 2|. The heavier smoke products such as the nicotine and tar still entrained in the smoke issuing through sets of apertures 5, 6 and i in impacting against the confining surfaces 25 and 21 precipitates and deposits in the trap chamber 26. The smoke having now been filtered and cooled continues through the aperture 22 and through the stem of the pipe and passes through the mouth-piece 2 to the smokers mouth.

The eificiency of the filter of our invention as compared with the emciency obtainable with conventional type filters will be understood more fully by reference to the characteristic curves of Fig. 9. These curves were obtained from actual test data in which thermometers were introduced both before and after the filter position in a pipe. Smoke was drawn through the pipe and filter section and the temperature recorded both before and after the filter position. Runs lasting approximately 2 minutes each with first the conventional type filter in position and then with applicants filter in position were run. The data was then plotted as shown on the graph of Fig. 9. Characteristic curve 28 shows the performance for a conventional type filter while characteristic curve 29 shows the performance for a filter constructed in accordance with our invention. It will be observed that for the same range of before filter smoke temperatures that is 78 to F. a considerable difference in after filter temperatures exists between the conventional filter and our filter. Using a baifie type of filter which we have designated as the conventional type filter, the smoke temperature showed a rise of approximately 5 whereas using our filter an essentially constant temperature was achieved. These tests were conducted with a test equipment constructed from clear Lucite so that visual observations might be made of the disposition of the nicotine and tar products. The quantities of nicotine tar products collected by the trap chamber of our filter was considerably greater than the nicotine and tar products adhering to the parts of the bailies of the conventional type filter. Large amounts of nicotine and tar removed from the trap chamber of our invention after the test runs supported this observation.

Because of the fact that the trap chamber section |8 is readily removable from the filter section 3, the cleaning of the parts to remove the nicotine and tar products in trap chamber 28 is readily accomplished. Actual use tests by habitual smokers have demonstrated that the trap chamber 26 is most effective in entrapping nicotine and tar products. The filter is easily kept uncontaminated and clean after daily use by a soaking and scrubbing operation.

While we have described our invention in certain preferred embodiments, we realize that modifications may be made and We desire that it be understood that no limitations upon our invention are intended other than may be imposed by the scope of the appended claim.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows:

A filter for pipes and cigarette holders, said filter having a stem provided with a substantially cylindrical bore and an integral transverse baffle element disposed in and perpendicular to the bore axis adjacent the bit end of the stem, said filter comprising a substantially cylindrical base section and a cylindrical neck section of smaller diameter than the base section connected thereto, said cylindrical base section being of substantially the same diameter as the diameter of the bore and being provided with external screw threads intermediate the ends thereof and engageable with internal screw threads formed on the internal walls of the filter stem, said base section being formed with a cylindrical recess in that end of the section designed to be disposed closest to the tobacco combustion area, and having a cylindrical expansion chamber on the other end of the base section which extends into the neck section, the said expansion chamber having a smaller diameter than the recess and being connected thereto by a smoke channel having the form of a nozzle opening, the end of the neck section being adapted to be received in a cylindrical recess in the bafile element, the top portion of the neck section and the top portion of the bafiie being apertured to permit the passage of smoke therethrough and the space between the neck section and the inner walls of the stem providing a trap chamber for nicotine and tar products.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 56,997 Norwood Aug. 7, 1886 548,203 I-Iynds Oct. 22, 1895 1,236,545 Conley Aug. 14, 1917 1,582,971 Conley May 4, 1926 2, 03,373 Lavietes June 4, 1935 2,024,865 McArdle Dec. 17, 1935 2,245,019 Stern June 10, 1941 2,362,891 Dunkelberger Nov. 14, 1944 2,544,206 Wilson Mar. 6, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 146 Great Britain 1880 606,091 France Mar. 1, 1926

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