US2666702A - Single powder photographic developers having improved stability to high temperatures - Google Patents
Single powder photographic developers having improved stability to high temperatures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2666702A US2666702A US295833A US29583352A US2666702A US 2666702 A US2666702 A US 2666702A US 295833 A US295833 A US 295833A US 29583352 A US29583352 A US 29583352A US 2666702 A US2666702 A US 2666702A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- developer
- anhydride
- weight
- alkali
- single powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 24
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940076133 sodium carbonate monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940001593 sodium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRUZLCLJULHLEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WRUZLCLJULHLEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVGOBWDGAVAVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxyphenyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RVGOBWDGAVAVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDZHNYWSJFVZIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diaminophenol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC=CC(O)=C1N HDZHNYWSJFVZIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100072420 Caenorhabditis elegans ins-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283283 Orcinus orca Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930192671 brownin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBWOKKSOBWYZQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-octyl benzenecarbothioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RBWOKKSOBWYZQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/264—Supplying of photographic processing chemicals; Preparation or packaging thereof
- G03C5/265—Supplying of photographic processing chemicals; Preparation or packaging thereof of powders, granulates, tablets
Definitions
- This invention relatesto single powder photographic developers, and more pa1"tiiiularly" to single owder developers containing stabilizing materials which impart improved stabilityto the single powder developer at relatively high temperatures.
- Single powder developer mixtures may contain anorganic developer component or mixtures of such components including monomethylparaminophenol sulfate (Elon or motel), hydroquinone, p-ammophenolhydrochloride; -aminophenol sulfate, pyrogallol,w parahydroxyphenyl glycine, catechol, diaminophenol hydrochloride,
- monomethylparaminophenol sulfate Elon or motel
- hydroquinone p-ammophenolhydrochloride
- -aminophenol sulfate pyrogallol,w parahydroxyphenyl glycine
- catechol diaminophenol hydrochloride
- the alkali com'- ponent may be'the stable hydrate of an alkali carbonate, a desiccated alkali carbonate, an alkali metaboratc, or an alkali sulfit'ei Generally the stable alkali carbonate monohydrate is preierred.
- the oxidation. preventing component may be an alkali sulfite, and the anti-fogging component maybe potassiumbromidev or iodide.
- Stabilizing components for such a single powder developer include maleic an+ hydride, salicylic acid; alkali metabisul'fite, benzoic anhydride, orthoben zoic sulfimide phthalimide, and phthalic anhydride.
- the latter has outstanding stabilizing properties in the presencev ofeither sodium carbonate or borax and has been employed considerably more than the other stabilizers mentioned in that patent.
- Phthalic anhydride-l ras been employed most successfully in developer compositions having. as the alkali component either sodium carbonate or sodium sulfite, or mixtures thereoti Less success has been attained in the case of the important class of developers containing sodium metaborate as an alkali ingredient, possibly the greatest disadvantage of employing phtl'ialic anhydride in single powder developer' 'miXtures,
- phthalic anhydr-ide when used alone in suf- .lficient amounts for stabilizin purposes, may react due in part to temperature effects with these basic substances and form gas under sufiflcient pressure to distend the hermetically sealed can in which the developer powder ispackaged, and
- Boric anhydride does netnave the disadvantages peculiar to: pnthalic anhydride. It ap ears that boric anhydrlde being muchless acid than phthalic anhydride does not react as easily as phthali'c anhydrid'e with alkali carbonates or alkali sul-fites such as sodium carbonate and sodium sulfite. In this respect it is noted that the pilot the phthalic acid derived from phth'alic anhydride is about while the pH of boric acid derived from bone anhydride is about 5.4 at 31% concentrations. Boric anhydride is admirably suited as a stabilizer and has the characteristics required for a stabilizer. It is acidic, relatively colorless, odorless, and stable and has not use e'terious action photographically.v
- Boric anhydri'de is'pa'rticularly suited for use in the single powder photographicdeveloper mix-.- ture of either the stable hydrate of an alkali car.- bona'te or also a desiccated alkali carbonatet
- the I appears to be more stable in the-presence of an organic developer than a eom arable'quantity of the con'espondi'n'g desiccated 'alkali carbonate.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizing agent for single powder developers which will prevent decomposition of the developer at temperatures up to 130 F.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizing agent which makes possible the production of single powder developers having improved stabilizing characteristics 'containing as the alkali ingredient, sodium metaborate.
- Still another object is te -providean improved stabilizing agent for single powder developers which has superior characteristics as respects phthalic anhydride or boric anhydride as stabilizing agents.
- T-he boric anhydride may contain moisture up 0t 35% by weight and Where the term boric anhydride is mentioned in this specification, boric anhydride with a moisture content within this range is meant.
- ingredients of a single powder developer composition may therefore consist of an organic 'developing agent, such as monomethyl paraminophenol sulfate, hydroquinone, p aminophenol hydrochloride, p-aminophenol sulfate, pyrogallol,
- organic 'developing agent such as monomethyl paraminophenol sulfate, hydroquinone, p aminophenol hydrochloride, p-aminophenol sulfate, pyrogallol
- a stable alkali carbonate such as sodium carbonate monohydrate, boric anhydride and a relatively small amount of phthalic' anhydride and may contain the other well known ingredients normally present infla developer, such as sodium sulfite and potassium bromide, the normal and known function of the alkali sulfite being that of preservation, lessening the oxidation in solution of the organic developing agent, while the known function of potassium bromide is that of are'strainer particularly inhibiting fog formar tion in the development of the silver image.
- sample A When packaged in a sealed can and kept for 96 hours at 130 F. sample A was white showing that no reaction or deterioration took place, whereas sample B similarly packaged and heated was discolored. This clearly shows that the phthalic anhydride raises the upper heat resisting range of the mixture.
- Example 2 A B O Grams Grams Grams E1011 2.0 2.0 2.0 Hydroquinone 8. 0 8. 0 8. 0 Sodium sulfite (desiccated) 90. 0 90. 0 90. 0 Sodium carbonate monohydrate 52. 5 52. 5 52. 5 Potassium bromide 5.0 5.0 5.0 Bcric anhydride 1.6 1.6 1.6 Phthalic anhydride 0. 16 0. 08
- samples A and B were white whereas sample C showed slight discoloration.
- samples A and B were white whereas sample C was appreciably discolored.
- sample A was white whereas sample 13 had noticeable discoloration.
- Our inventionthus provides single-p'owderdevelopers which are stable above 125 F. and hence they can be employed in areas in which extreme temperatures are encountered.
- a stable single-powder photographic developer composition containing an organic silver halide developer, 0.5 to 3% by weight of a stabilizing agent comprising boric anhydride having a moisture content not exceeding approximately 35% by weight, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of a stabilizing agent comprising phthalic anhydride, said mixture of stabilizing agents adapted to prevent decomposition of the developer when exposed to temperatures from 120-130 F. and a soluble stable, and photographically compatible basic ingredient selected from the group consisting of alkali borates, sulfites and carbonates.
- a stable single-powder photographic developer composition containing an organic silver ha lide developer, sodium carbonate monohydrate, 0.5 to 3% by weight of boric anhydride containing less than 35% moisture, and 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phthalic anhydride, said mixture of stabilizing agents adapted to prevent decomposition of the developer when exposed to temperatures from 120-130 F.
- a stable single-powder photographic developer composition containing an organic silver halide developer, an alkali sulfite, 0.5 to 3% by weight of boric anhydride containing less than G by Weight of moisture, and 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phthalic anhydride, said mixture of stabilizing agents adaptedto prevent decomposition of the developer when exposed to temperatures from -l30 F.
- a stable singlepowder photographic developer containing an organic silver halide developer, an anhydrous alkali carbonate, an alkali 'sulfite, 0.5 to 3% by weight of boric' anhydride containing less than 35% by weight of free moisture, and 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phthalic anhydride, said mixture of stabilizing agents adapted to prevent decomposition of the developer when exposed to temperatures from 120- F.
- a stable single powder photographic developer composition containing an organic silver halide developer, desiccated sodium sulfite, 0.5 to 3% by weight of boric anhydride con,- taining less than 35% by weight of moisture, and 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of phthalic anhydride, said mixture of stabilizing agents adapted to prevent decomposition of the developer when exposed to temperatures from'120-13'0 F.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE521002D BE521002A (en(2012)) | 1952-06-26 | ||
| US295833A US2666702A (en) | 1952-06-26 | 1952-06-26 | Single powder photographic developers having improved stability to high temperatures |
| FR1098530D FR1098530A (fr) | 1952-06-26 | 1953-06-26 | Nouveau révélateur photographique en une seule poudre |
| GB17751/53A GB729862A (en) | 1952-06-26 | 1953-06-26 | Improvements in single powder photographic developers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US295833A US2666702A (en) | 1952-06-26 | 1952-06-26 | Single powder photographic developers having improved stability to high temperatures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2666702A true US2666702A (en) | 1954-01-19 |
Family
ID=23139407
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US295833A Expired - Lifetime US2666702A (en) | 1952-06-26 | 1952-06-26 | Single powder photographic developers having improved stability to high temperatures |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2666702A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE521002A (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR1098530A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB729862A (en(2012)) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2739894A (en) * | 1954-04-01 | 1956-03-27 | Eastman Kodak Co | Single powder photographic developers containing lithium hydroxide |
| US2816026A (en) * | 1954-11-26 | 1957-12-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stabilizing agents for single powder photographic developers |
| US5780211A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1998-07-14 | Konica Corporation | Processing composition in the tablet form for silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5557362A (en) | 1994-06-16 | 1996-09-17 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide photosensitive material automatic developing apparatus |
| JPH0869098A (ja) | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-12 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料用自動現像機 |
| JPH08160588A (ja) | 1994-12-06 | 1996-06-21 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料用自動現像機 |
| JP3574986B2 (ja) | 1996-01-16 | 2004-10-06 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料用固体処理剤及びハロゲン化銀写真感光材料の処理方法 |
| JP5588597B2 (ja) | 2007-03-23 | 2014-09-10 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 導電性材料の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| EP2009977A3 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2011-04-27 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Electromagnetic shielding film and optical filter |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2384592A (en) * | 1943-04-22 | 1945-09-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Single-powder photographic developers |
| US2606118A (en) * | 1951-02-09 | 1952-08-05 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stabilizing agent for single powder photographic developers |
-
0
- BE BE521002D patent/BE521002A/xx unknown
-
1952
- 1952-06-26 US US295833A patent/US2666702A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1953
- 1953-06-26 FR FR1098530D patent/FR1098530A/fr not_active Expired
- 1953-06-26 GB GB17751/53A patent/GB729862A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2384592A (en) * | 1943-04-22 | 1945-09-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Single-powder photographic developers |
| US2606118A (en) * | 1951-02-09 | 1952-08-05 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stabilizing agent for single powder photographic developers |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2739894A (en) * | 1954-04-01 | 1956-03-27 | Eastman Kodak Co | Single powder photographic developers containing lithium hydroxide |
| US2816026A (en) * | 1954-11-26 | 1957-12-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stabilizing agents for single powder photographic developers |
| US5780211A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1998-07-14 | Konica Corporation | Processing composition in the tablet form for silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB729862A (en) | 1955-05-11 |
| BE521002A (en(2012)) | |
| FR1098530A (fr) | 1955-08-01 |
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