US2665600A - Spring hammer - Google Patents

Spring hammer Download PDF

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Publication number
US2665600A
US2665600A US103495A US10349549A US2665600A US 2665600 A US2665600 A US 2665600A US 103495 A US103495 A US 103495A US 10349549 A US10349549 A US 10349549A US 2665600 A US2665600 A US 2665600A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
hammer
spring
brake
clutch
crank shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US103495A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pirkner Ignaz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andritz AG
Original Assignee
Andritz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andritz AG filed Critical Andritz AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2665600A publication Critical patent/US2665600A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/10—Special design or construction with both drive and hammer connected to a fulcrumed lever, e.g. tail hammers
    • B21J7/12—Special design or construction with both drive and hammer connected to a fulcrumed lever, e.g. tail hammers the lever being a spring, i.e. spring hammers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18176—Crank, pitman, lever, and slide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in power hammers Vof the type known as spring hammers.
  • the present invention has for its object to overcome these 'disadvantages and to provide a .spring-controlled hammer suitable for general use.
  • the invention consists substantially in this, that in a spring hammer having a driving mech anism formed by a crank or an eccentric the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating gyratory masses through a releasable coupling and that preferably the masses which are in constant connection with the hammer head are also reduced by substituting for the balancing weights for the hammer head, balancing mem bers of slight mass, such as springs, compressed air pistons and the like.
  • the invention provides the very important ad-f vantage, that the possibility of suddenly karresting the hammer in any desired position renders it capable of delivering sitting blows.
  • the procedure may be such that it presses the work on the anvil and holds it under the pressure of the laminated spring.
  • this is Veffected through the brake which, for increasing its eiectiveness, may be ⁇ constructed as a band brake or multi-shoe brake mounted on the driving mechanism or on the crankshaft of the hammer.
  • This brake may, ac cording to the invention, be relieved of pressure by means which prevents a backward motion of the driving mechanism, more particularly a clutch arrangement.
  • the coupling and the brake may be operated at will or automatically, Preferably a control .is provided, which puts the gyratory masses out 0f action, that is uncouples the coupling, and puts the brake into operation.
  • the actuation of this control may be automatic in dependence on the position of the hammer or on the position of the crankshaft. .In this case,.for instance, .the .crankshaft is provided with a cam disc, from which the control is derived.
  • the invention thus enables the mechanical spring hammer with ⁇ crank or eccentric drive to be used both as heretofore in the usual way for a succession .of blows and for single blows, more particularly for sitting blows, and the control of the hammer to be made considerably more sensitive than in the constructions 'hitherto used.
  • Hitherto vonly pneumatic orsteam hammers have been suitable for work requiring single blows. It has already been proposed to drive ,spring ⁇ ham-- mers vby means of a compressed air piston applied to the laminated spring, the arrangement being such that the drive .could be interrupted by valve control.
  • Fig. 1 shows the hammer in side elevation and Fig. 2 a vertical section in the plane of the driving crankshaft;
  • Figs. 3 and 4 show details of the construction of the cam disc intended for the automatic control and of a clutch arrangement
  • Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic planview illustrating how the control is operated.
  • crank or eccentric shaft 3 In a hammer frame I with two bearings 2 runs the crank or eccentric shaft 3, on the driving end of which is mounted a coupling or clutching disc 4 that can slide along a key 5.
  • a brake pulley 6 is rigidly keyed to the other end of shaft 3.
  • the cranked portion of crank shaft 3 carries the connecting rod 1, the connecting rod head 8 of which is connected to and moves the laminated spring I which is supported in two bearings 9 on the frame. This movement moves the hammer head I I up and down in vertical guides provided in the frame I so as to strike the forging or other work I3 resting on the anvil I2.
  • the hammer is driven from the driving fly Wheel I which runs freely on ball bearings i4 at the outer end of the crankshaft 3.
  • flywheel I5 One side of the flywheel is constructed as part of a cone coupling or clutch.
  • the coupling disc 4 By moving the coupling disc 4 into engagement with the continuously rotating driving fly wheel I5 the hammer is put in operation and, by withdrawing it to disengaged position the hammer is put out of operation.
  • the flywheel I5 has mass characteristics such as to impart a sudden and powerful stroke to the connecting rod and thus a sudden and powerful blow to the hammer head when the clutch is engaged.
  • the hammer head is shown in the stopped sitting position and the laminated spring IB in the tensioned position. In this position the laminated spring I0 exerts during the blow and after the blow an additional pressure on the forging.
  • a band brake II for taking up the spring tension a band brake II, in the form of invention illustrated, is provided.
  • the brake pulley or drum 6 has a cast-on lateral rim I8 for coacting with a clutch arrangement, Fig. 4, or some other form of motion-arresting device.
  • This clutch arrangement which may.v for m-
  • This spring I3 constitutes, as
  • the structure is such that the friction or braking pressure is greater if the force tending to reversely rotate the rim I8 increases. This structure, therefore, constitutes a self-energizing brake mechanism.
  • the spring hammer according to the invention sitting blows which can be delivered singly or in succession, may also be made to function automatically, as shown by way of example in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the coupling disc 4 On the side facing the crankshaft bearing the coupling disc 4 is formed as a cam disc 24, on which runs the roller 25 at one end of the bell crank 2B.
  • the pull-back latch member 28 At the upper end of the bell crank 26 is pivotally attached the pull-back latch member 28 which rests on a lug 2T of the lever 26.
  • the feed shaft 32 is turned by way of the shaft 30 and the bevel wheels 3 I, Fig. 5, and two rocking levers 33 connected to shaft 30 throw the coupling disc 4 into engagement.
  • the roller 25 on the bell crank 26 moves downwards on the descending portion of the cam and, by displacing the pullback latch member 28 and lowering the lug 21, causes the former to engage with the connecting rod 34.
  • the bell crank by means of the pull-back latch member 28 pulls the two rocking levers 33 back and puts the coupling and the direct hammer drive out of operation.
  • the brake band I1 is tensioned through the connecting rodwork by the action of weight 35 and the hammer brought to rest during its stroke.
  • a spring hammer including a frame, a laminated spring swingably mounted on said frame, a hammer head attached to one end of said laminated spring, a connectingrod attached to the opposite end of said spring, a crank shaft rotatably J'ournalled in said-frame and including a crank portion operably connected to said connecting rod, driving means for rotating said shaft including a fly wheel adapted for continuous rotation, clutch means for detachably coupling the crank shaft to said fly wheel, said flywheel having such mass characteristics as sufficient to impart a sudden and powerfu1 stroke to the hammer head when the clutch means is engaged, brake I meansfor stopping the rotation of the crank shaft and thereby stopping the hammer when said clutch means is disengaged and resilient compensating means counter-acting the weight of the hammer head, l2.
  • a spring hammer including a frame, a laminated spring swingably mounted on said frame, a hammer head attached'to oney end of said laminated spring,'a connecting 'rod attached to the opposite end of said spring, a crank shaftrotatably journalled in said frame and including a crank portion operably connected to said connecting rod, driving means for rotating said shaft including a ily whee1 adapted for continuous rotation, clutch means for detachably coupling the crank shaft to said fly wheel, said ny wheel having such mass characteristics as to impart a 'sudden and powerful stroke to the connecting rod and thus to the hammer head when the clutch means isengaged, brake means for stopping the rotation of the crank shaft and thereby stopping the hammer when said clutch means is disengaged, a one way clutching means operably associated with the crank shaft for preventing reverse rotation thereof when said first-mentioned clutch is disengaged and resilient compensating means counter-acting the weight of the hammer head.
  • a spring hammer including a frame, a laminated spring swingably mounted on said frame, a hammer head attached to one end of said laminated spring, a connecting rod attached to the opposite end of said spring, a crank shaft rotatably journalled in said frame and including a crank portion operably connected to said connecting rod, driving means for rotating said shaft including a fly whee1 adapted for continuous rotation on said crank shaft, clutch means for detachably coupling the crank shaft to said ily wheel, said ny wheel having suchl mass characteristics as suicient to impart av sudden and powerful stroke to the connecting rod and thus to the hammer head when the clutch means is engaged, brake means for stopping the rotation of the crank shaft and thereby stopping the hammer when said clutch means is disengaged, resilient compensating means counteracting the weight of the hammer head, said brake means including a brake drum keyed to said crank shaft, a brake band cooperable with said drum and means for tensioning said band to apply the brake, said drum having a lateral rim, separate self
  • a spring hammer including a frame, a laminated spring pivotally mounted in said frame for swinging movement about a horizontal axis, a hammer head connected to one end of said laminated spring,'a connecting rod connected'to the other end of said spring, guide means on said frame for constraining the hammer head to reciprocating movement, drive means for reciprocating the hammer head including a crank shaft journalled in said frame having a cranked portion operably connected to said connecting rod, the axis of rotation of said crank shaft being parallel with the axis of pivotation of said lami-1 nated spring, a brake drum keyed to one end of said crank shaft, a fly wheel adapted for constant rotation rotatably mounted on the opposite end of said crank shaft and positioned exteriorly of said frame, clutch means including ⁇ a clutching member keyed to said crank shaft between the frame and the dy wheel for axial sliding movement, respective clutch surfaces on said member and said fly wheel whereby said fly wheel cooperates with the clutching member to provide a coupling to rotate
  • a driving and control mechanism for a spring hammer comprising a connecting rod for imparting reciprocatory movement to the hammer, a rotatably mounted crank shaft including a cranked portion operably connected to the connecting rod, a continuously rotatable fly wheel, clutch me'ans for detachably coupling the crank shaft to said fly wheel and said fly wheel having such mass characteristics as to impart a sudden and powerful stroke to said connecting rod when the clutch is engaged, controllable brake means for stopping the rotation of the crank shaft and thereby movement of the connecting rod when the clutch means is disengaged, resilient compensating means counteracting the Weight of the hammer head and a one-way clutching mechanism oper-ably associated with the crank shaft for preventing reverse rotation thereof when the first mentioned clutch means is disengaged and upon release of said brake means.
  • a driving and control mechanism for a spring hammer of the type including a hammer head reciprocably mounted in a frame, said driving mechanism including a connecting rod for imparting reciprocatory movement to the hammer, a crank shaft rotatably journalled in the frame and including a cranked portion operably connected to the connecting rod, said crank shaft including portions projecting beyond each side of the frame, a fly Wheel rotatably jornalled on the projecting portion at one side of the frame, a clutch mechanism movably mounted on said crank shaft between the fly wheel and the frame and movable between clutch engaged and disengaged positions and cooperable with the fly wheel for detachably clutching the same to the crank shaft to impart rotation to the crank shaft when engaged for operating the hammer, said fly wheel having such mass characteristics as to impart a powerful stroke to the connecting rod when the clutch means is engaged, a brake drum keyed to the other projecting portion of said shaft at the opposite side of the frame, a brake band cooperable with said drum and means for releasably tensioning
  • a driving mechanism for a spring hammer a rotatably mounted crank shaft, a connecting rod operable by said crank shaft for imparting a stroke to the hammer, a continuously rotatable ily wheel journalled on said crank shaft, clutch mechanism mounted on the crank shaft and operable to. detachably couple the crank shaft with said fly Wheel so that the' Iiy Wheel imparts rotation to the crank shaft, brake means mounted on the crank shaft for stopping the rotation thereof when the clutch means is disengaged, means for preventing reverse rotation of the crank shaft when said rst mentioned clutch means is disengaged and resilient compensating means for counteracting the weight of the hammer head.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
US103495A 1948-07-10 1949-07-07 Spring hammer Expired - Lifetime US2665600A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2665600X 1948-07-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2665600A true US2665600A (en) 1954-01-12

Family

ID=3690335

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US103495A Expired - Lifetime US2665600A (en) 1948-07-10 1949-07-07 Spring hammer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2665600A (de)
DE (1) DE809780C (de)
FR (1) FR1003899A (de)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US816291A (en) * 1904-08-08 1906-03-27 Fred H Knapp Power-hammer.
US837519A (en) * 1906-05-03 1906-12-04 George H Tolley Power-hammer.
US941093A (en) * 1905-08-05 1909-11-23 John L Painter Power-hammer.
AT39943B (de) * 1908-11-25 1909-12-10 Rudolf Schmidt & Co Einrichtung an Blattfederhämmern zum Hochhalten des Hammerbärs.
US953768A (en) * 1908-06-23 1910-04-05 Radial Power Hammer Company Power-hammer.
US977082A (en) * 1909-01-04 1910-11-29 Clarence R Embry Power-hammer.
US1646932A (en) * 1925-01-27 1927-10-25 American Cable Co Inc Wheel brake

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US816291A (en) * 1904-08-08 1906-03-27 Fred H Knapp Power-hammer.
US941093A (en) * 1905-08-05 1909-11-23 John L Painter Power-hammer.
US837519A (en) * 1906-05-03 1906-12-04 George H Tolley Power-hammer.
US953768A (en) * 1908-06-23 1910-04-05 Radial Power Hammer Company Power-hammer.
AT39943B (de) * 1908-11-25 1909-12-10 Rudolf Schmidt & Co Einrichtung an Blattfederhämmern zum Hochhalten des Hammerbärs.
US977082A (en) * 1909-01-04 1910-11-29 Clarence R Embry Power-hammer.
US1646932A (en) * 1925-01-27 1927-10-25 American Cable Co Inc Wheel brake

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1003899A (fr) 1952-03-24
DE809780C (de) 1951-08-02

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