US266213A - siemens - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

C. W. SIEMENS.

DOMESTIG GRATB 0R FIRE PLAGE.

Patented Oot. 17, .1882.

N. PETER Fhuwuhagnpmr, waxhingmn. D. CA

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. G. W. SIEMENS.

DOMESTIC GRATE 0R FIRE PEAGE.

Patented out. 17, v1882.

Jays

N. PUERS. Phowmhognphur. wnhingmn. D. C,

(.No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

C. W. SIEMENS.

DOMESTIC GRATE 0R FIRE PLAGE.

Patented Oct. 17, 1882.I

N. PETERS. Phgto-Lithognpher. washingmn. D. C.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.) Y C. W. SIEMENS.

DOMESTIC GRATE OR'PIRE PLAGE.

No. 266,213. ya Patented Oct. 17, 1882.

N4 PETERS. Photquxnqgmpher, wningmu; D. c.

Darren Smarts artnr ENGL AND.

DOMESTIClGRAYTE OR FIRE=PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming` part of Letters Patent No. 266,213, dated October 17, 1882. l

Application filed April 21, 1882. (No model.)

To all tthom 4it may concern:

3e it known that I, CHARLES VILLIAM SIE- MENS, ot' Westminster, in the county ot' Middlesex, England, have made a new and useful 5 Improvement in the Construction ot' Domestic Crates or F ire-Places; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ot' the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of 1o the specification herein.

. My invention consists in the application ot' regenerators to domestic grates or fire-places, whereby heat from the back and bottom of such grates or lire-places is communicated to air supporting the combustion at the front.

It also consists in combining with the grate a perforated pipe or channel, whereby a gasi'larne is caused to impinge upon the substance placed in the front ot' the grate, whereby if 2o fuel be used itis lighted and maintained incandescent without the use of wood or other kindling materials, and it iinally consists in substituting for the lire-grate below a solid plate having an opening or openings at the front, or a hollow casting having air-channels at the rear, communicating with the opening at the front, so as'to exclude all communica-- tion with the atmosphere except through such openings and the front bars.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures l to l1, corresponding partsare designated by similar letters.

Fig. 1 represents avertical section on lineyy, Fig. 2, which is a horizontal section 011 line x zu, Fig. 1, of a tire-place having my improvements applied thereto. The slab and hearth at M, coping N, throat R, back P, and front gratebars, O, may be of any size or form which may be deemed most advantageous. Instead ofthe 4o under grate-bars in general use, an iron deadplate, C, is riveted toa stout copper plate, A, which copper plate faces the back of the tiregrate and extends both upward and downward from the point ot'junction. The dead-plate C stops short at some distance behind the bottom bar of the grate-iront to leave room for an airway and a gasfpipe, F, which is perforated with holes placed at equal distances apart along the inner side of its upper surface at an angle from the vertical. Under this pipe a lower plate, D, is tixed, bent downward toward the back, so as to provide a vertical and horizontal channel between the two plates A and C. A trap-door, E, held by a spring or other means, is provided for the discharge ot' ashes falling into the horizontal channel. The vertical channel is occupied by a strip ot' sheetcopper, B, bent in and out in such a manner as to present as large a conductive area as possible, and riveted to the lower pait ot' the cop per back piece, A. Copper being an excellent conductor ot' heat, the said strip of sheet-copper or regenerative plate B transfers the heat from the back ofthe grate to the vertical channels Gr. An air-current is set up by this heat, which, after passing up the vertical channels Gand along the horizontalchannel S, as shown by the arrows, impinges on the fuel in the front of the grate, greatly increasing the combustion at that point. 'Ihe abstraction ot' heat from the back ofthe tire and its transfer to the front present the advantage of retarding the combastion ofthe fuel at the back, while promoting` it in front of the grate where itis required.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line y y, Fig. 4, which is a plan of an empty domestic grate, and Fig. 5 is a transverse section on line .e z, Fig. 3, of a modified constructionot' my invention, which is more economical as regards first cost than that hereinbet'ore described. slab and hearth at M, coping N, back P, and front grate-bars, C, may be ot' substantially the same construction as that hereinbeiore described with reference to Figs. l and 2, or such as are used in other tire-places now in use. The improvements in this case are,vfirst, the gaspipe F, having a row of holes along the upper side inclining inward, each hole facing an indentation in the plate C, and, second, an angular plate, C D, ot cast copper or iron, forming the bottom and back plates, with aseries ot' projecting ribs, b, extending from front to back on its under side, which serve the purpose of regenerative surfacesthat is to say, they transfer the heat from the back of the grate to the air-channels below it, and thus en- The gender air-currents which impinge in front ot' the grate,beingconducted thereto through the indentations above referred to, and greatly assist the combustion of the fuel at that point. If iron be used, instead of copper, to form a regenerative chamber or channels, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the plates and ribs in the inverse ratio ofthe conductivity ofthe two metals. In order to reduce the thickness ofthe regenerative plates or ribs b, they may be allowed to extend in a horizontal rather than a vertical direction. An inclined plate, l', fastened to the lower grate-bar, directs the incoming air upon the heating-surfaces, and provides at the same time a support for the angular and ribbed plate C I), which is simply dropped into its iirm position between it and the back of the grate. rlhe front edge of the horizontal part ot' the angular Vplate C D has indentations orrvandyked openings c, forming a narrow grating, through which the hot air reaches the fuel, and the ashes produced by combustion in the front part of the grate discharge themselves down the incline toward the back of the hearth,wherean open ash-pan may be placed for their reception.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section on line Q Q of Fig. 7, which is a horizontal section on line It t cf Fig. 6, and Fig. S is a halt' front elevation of the lower part and a halt' front elevation of the regenerator-plates, ofa domestic grate, such as a kitchener or stove. The hearth M, back P, and front grate-bars, O, may be ofany usual form. 'Ihe construction of this grate is substantially the same as that described with reference to Figs. 3, It, and 5, which apply to it, with these variations, that each alternate rib b is cut cti" below the gas-pipe F, so that ahotair channel is provided o'n each side of every gas-jet, and the angular bottom back plate, G l), is not in this ease extended downward, the ribs b heilig ot'suilicient thickness for conducting the heat to be communicated to the incoming air.

Fig. 9 is a vertical section on line A B ot'FiO. 10, which is a horizontal section on line C D of Fig. 9, and Fig. 11 is a half front elevation of the lower part and a haltl front elevation of the bed and regenerator plates, of another kitchener or stove. The construction of this grate is similar to that described with reference to Figs. 6, 7, and S; but instead of the angular plate C D a hollow casting, H, is provided, having ribs b at the rear, which are extended forward at the bottom to form the narrow grating required for the slow combustion of the fuel. The whole or the lower partonly ot' the hollow casting II may be faced with refractory material-such as iire-bricks--and the ribs b may project to the back wall; but I prefer to stop them about midway, and to cover them partially with another plate, b', as shown, whereby the channels for heating the air destined to support combustion at the front of the grate are considerably extended, and a more active circulation and thorough beating of the air-currents will result. Instead of the perforated gaspipe shown in the previouslydescribed figures, a gas-channel, F, is substituted, through which holes are made just below a projection or lip,f, intended to protect these holes from falling ashes.

In using the grate with fuel it should be well filled, preferably with pieces of the size of apples. Ihe gas is then turned on t'nll and lighted. In the course of an hour the gas may be turned down to one-halt' or less, and the fire may be left without further attention, except when it is intended to improve its appearance, when a touch with a small poker near thc bottom grate-bar to clear away ashes and an inA creased admission of gas will be desirable. 1n the course ot' five or six hours the fuel will have been consumed t0 some extent in front of the ii re-place and must be replenished. The grate should be completely cleaned out from time to time to prevent accumulation of ashes toward the back, where a dead-plate on which part of the fuel rests is employed. In this way a cheerful tire can be kindled at any time by opening the gas-tap and putting a lighted match to the grate. The gasvi'lames, acting only in front of the grate, soon cause the surface ofthe fuel to glow without depriving the beholder of the cheerful appearance of the llame. In the course of half an hour the snrface of the heap of fuel will be fairly red-hot, throwing out its full heat; and it" anthracite or other non-bituminous coal. coke, or charcoal be used not a particle of flame or smoke will reach the chimney. The reducing-flame ot' the gas prevents the rapid consumption ot' fuel in front, and the absence of air its consumption toward the bac-k of the lire. \Vhen fairly ignited the gas may be turned off, because the fuel, once weil heated, will continue to glow by slow combustion at the front ot' the grate, with the hot air coming from the regenerator. This construction of regenerative grate is also applicable to gas-stoves which are filled with non-combustible substances-such as asbestus-and in which gas alone is the fuel used. In this case, however, gz s will have to be kept burning as long as the fire is required, and it is preferable to supply the pipe F with a mixture of gas and air instead of pure gas.

Either forni of grate may be used for fuel or for a gas-tire; ora grate combining parts taken from one and parts taken from another drawing may be adopted, and instead of town gas, as supplied for gas-lights, a gas composed of carbonic oxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogensuch as is formed by the decomposition of fuel in a gas-producer-may be used; but for gasfires with asbestns lumps I prefer to employ the form of grate described with reference to Figs. 9, 10, and l1.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesl. The combination, in a domestic fire-place, of a back and bottom entirely closed to pre- ILO IOS

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vent the admission of air, whereby the rapid combustion ot' fuel is prevented at the bottom and back of the grate, and a perforated gassupply pipe.

2. The combination of the back and bottom ofthe grate with a perforated gas-supply pipe or channel iu i'ront of the close bottom of the grate and behind the bottom bar ofthe grate, as and for the purposes described.

3. In a domestic grate, the combination of a metallic plate, upon which the fuel or noncombustble material rests or partly rests, and a gas-supply pipe arranged between the metallic plate and front bars of the grate, as and for the purposes described.

4. In a domestic grate, a conducting plate or plates, constructed as described, and adjacent air-conduit, whereby the heat from the back of the ash-pit is extracted and imparted to air owing in to support combustion.

In witness whereof l have affixed my signature hereto, in the presence of two witnesses, this 17 th day of March, 1882.

CHARLES VILLIAM SIEMENS.

Mall, London, N otm'ys Clerks.

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