US2661797A - Oil burner evaporator - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 8, 1953 G. c. KEMP 2,661,797

OIL BURNER EVAPORATOR Filed Nov. 10, 1951 oo ooo 0000000 000000 00000 2 co/wo/v c. KEMP v y wwf g Patented Dec. 8, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER EVAPORATOR Gordon C. Kemp, Guelph, Ontario, Canada Application November 10, 1951, Serial No. 255,780

11 Claims.

This invention generally relates to an oil burner of the vaporizing type, and is a continuation-inpart of application Serial No. 94,869, filed on the 23rd day of May 1949 and now abandoned.

In oil burners of the vaporizing type liquid fuel oil i introduced into a heated chamber where it is vaporized and mixed with a primary supply of air. As the mixture rich in oil forms, it expands, begins to burn, and moves through the chamber. Subsequently, what is commonly called a secondary supply of air is added to the mixture in an amount sufiicient to support complete combustion of the oil. j

Most burners of the vaporizing type have been vertical. That is, the fuel oil is'introduced onto a horizontal base and the vapors rise therefrom vertically. One difliculty encountered with the vertical typ vaporizing burner has been the excessive amounts of carbon that result from the quick rise of the burning mixture of oil and air as they rise before they have an opportunity to heat the sides of the vaporizing chamber. There have been attempts to overcome carbon from this I cause by constructing a vaporizing burner in which the vapors move in a substantially hori; zontal direction. -They have, however, 'had only' limited success in reducing the carbonfand with most of them it is necessary to use a relatively highly refined oil to obtain a reasonably clean The burner of this inventionis a horizontal type burner, that is, the vapors as they are formed move in a substantially horizontal direction, but with the present burner the temperature of the base of the vaporizing chamber is substantially higher with the result that the forma: tion of carbon is substantially eliminated even when oils of a lower grade than those customarily used in burners of this general class are burned. Generally speaking, a burner according to the present invention has an oil vaporizing and mixing chamber with a mouth at its front end through which vapors and gases can move'in a substantially horizontal direction. The base of the vaporizing and mixing chamber, 'over which the gases, and vapors proceed as they travel 7 towards the mouth, slopes rearwardly and downwardly from the mouth. According to the invention a plurality of primary air jets and a plurality of secondary air jets are arranged in th chamber to overlie the base, the secondary air jets being in advance of the primary air jets and both the primary and secondary air jets being uniformly spaced apart over a combined area that over-' lies substantially all of the base within the vaporburner according to the invention.

The invention will be clearly understood after reference to the following detailed specification read in conjunction with the drawings;

In the drawin s, 1 Figure 1 is a sectional elevational Figure 2 is a plan View taken along the line 2-2 of Figure 1, and

Figure 31s a view showing a burner installed in a hot air furnace.

Referring to the drawings, the letter A generally indicates an oil burner, or more accurately- -perhapsan oil vaporizer, according'to the present invention. It comprises a casing'formed with an air admitting chamber i0 :and anoil vaporizing and mixing chamber I I, the latter chamber having a mouth I2 at its'front end through which vaporsand gases can move in a substantially horizontal direction.

The base 13 of the vaporizing and mixing chamber II slopes rearwardly and'downwardly from the open mouth I2 as at It and merges with a horizontal portion'l5 adjacent the back thereof. Preferably the base I3 of the vaporizing'and mixing chamber II is formed with an extension I6 that projects beyond the mouth I 2 in' the same planeas the sloping portion I4. J

Numeral II refers to an oil inlet tube-for admitting'oil tothe rear horizontal portion I5 ofthebase I3, Preferably the rear horizontal portion I5 of the base I3 has two upstanding ridges I9, one on eachside of the oil inlet tube I'I. These ridges serve to guide the incoming oil to a central position on horizontal base l5 and gives con trolled distribution of ber I I.

According to the invention, primary and secvaporized gases in chamondary air, to achieve vaporization and'support combustion of oil admitted to the chamber II, is introduced thereto through a series "of primary.

and secondary air jets that are uniformly spacedv apart over a combined area that overlies substantially all of the base I3 of the vaporizing and "mixing chamber I. The jets are pointed to di Y view of av 3 rect air therefrom downwardly on the base. In the embodiment of the invention shown, the air admitting chamber overlies the combustion chamber II and is separated therefrom by means of the plate 18. The plate [3 is arranged to overlie the base [3 so that it is substantially parallel to the sloping portion I4 thereof and the aforementioned jets comprise holes drilled the plate l8. The primary air jets are behind the secondary air jets and comprise a series of relatively small holes l9a drilled in the rear portion of 'plate 8 at uniformly spaced apart intervals. The secondary air jets comprise larger holes 20 formed in the plate 18 in advance of the holes l9a. The primary air is admitted'for the purpose of vaporizing and mixing with the oil vapors as they rise from the hot base 13 in operation. The holes 20 are large enough to ensure that the secondary air is added in sufii cient amounts to achieve complete combustion of the. oil admitted after preliminary or primary, mixing. or oil and air. The principles govern: ing-l'theadmission of. primary and secondary air burners are well known and need not be goneinto in this specif cation in detail. To do so; would only unnecessarily burden it.

ll will be apparent that with the plate l8 moiintedin substantially parallel relation to the sloping portion of the base 13 that air passthrough the primary and secondary jets will nioyeldownwardly onto the base at substantially right anglesif driven through the jet openings with su hci hh Ko ea In the embodiment of the invention shown a motor 2| drives a fan (not shown) to force air in through they opening 22,.0i the air admitting chamber'lfl andl'f'o'roe it around the. babies. 23.

ndigdown through the jetop enings I90. and 20 with sufficient force to cau i, to strike the baseliduring operation. Bafiles 23 and 2 4 are introduced to achieve an even distribution of the air, taken in throughopening 22. over all of the Jetihl eg i lt'o p oilflowing bacl: into air'clfl aniber l0 e s in rel e 8 t an hem:

hine. ilibec'ame flooded with oil.

hi a h 3 i t mhhst o h m er. t h.-

" cast and of substantial thickness as gere b t a tofwithstandthe, highoperating t s invfl 1 pera'tures' that are attained high. fireonerae he. hte Q i e e -like le th r n whic ehhd 'r hir h hhf hawi ra th haseie ea h n the urne he et i y his; are th slopi e' r' ih mic; he ba rea esa tem perature or about 170MB, a tem per wai ed; high for the formation off'carb on.

rh i1 be i b ht sl. in -var etr f ways. It" is convenient, however, to cast the base, baffL lfi, front wall 25, and side. walls 26 and plate l8v m "e piece, form the portion or mean admittingv chamber 10 behind the battle. H in one piece and secure it to the forward section of the casing by; bolts, and form the top 27' separately and weld it into position. e1" 23 fisl'alsov formed separately and welded .i A tiOn- Th Il m Q .1 41d 1 3 1 '1 are secured by any suitable means.

It w of ou se, eu de t cc by os skille intheart' that the burner so far described is, for use in a combustion chamber 28 of a furnace such as, the one 23. illustratedinFigure 3. In use, the motor 2.! drives th epf a n, only the housing 2 to. of which is shown, to force airv into theopen; ing, 22 in suflicient amounts for the-primary and secondary. supply of air. 'Theadmission or, oil

'n't p t lfi- 33 16 4 s 31 9 ov d 4 to the base of the vaporizing and combustion chamber I] can be either manually or thermostatically controlled.

It will be appreciated that the amount of heat generated depends entirely on the amount of oil admitted to the vaporizing and combustion chamber H. The burner is started as all other vaporizing type burners are started, that is, a small quantity of oil is admitted to the combustion chamber and ignited bymeans of a lighted wick or the like. At the. same time, of course, the motor 2! drives the fan to supply air to the vaporizing and combustion chamber. If the burnen is toibe operated thermostatically, it will be necessary to maintain burning oil in the combustion-chamber H at all times. The practice is to maintain tnisburning at a minimum when the thermostat does not demand heat and to increase the burning when the thermostat demands heat. One can successfully maintain a pilot fiarnewith 2 cc. of oil per minute. Such aflow to the base of the vaporizing chamber can becone trol led by, well known means. On-low fire the oil usually completely burns in the. rear portion-of; thevaporizing chamber; On high fire, however, the oil upon admission is vaporized by. the residual hea qi h hase po hh m xe th time air forced through the jets 19a, These vapors are quite rich in oil and as theyv form they roll up the inclined portion 14 of the base and receive the econda ai u h h l s 11-, P rtia combustion has taken place, by the, time. the. vapors reach the portion of the base that liestsecondary holes 26) andthe base [3.beooihes very, hot as. indicated above. The base issohot that carbon cannot. form. From the o en mouth 12. of the, vaporizing Ichamber the burning o il vapors, mixed with sufiicientoxygen to siniport complete combustion, passinto the fire-pot 28, of the furnaceZfl, and completely. burn. I

As previously indicated, air isiorc'edthrough the jets 49 n 251, with suirf cient foreeto i'ni-f' h n neon. th ba e 1 t th s man' tha 3a igh basetemperature within the burner eash? 11;- t b a n a mc eht u ta tial y carbon free, vaporization-of. the oil, 2 1

hehit e. b rn rsra s h pil t. fl nt o, t hate mperature s n he h e i bourhooclot e00? 15 bntonthe low rate of bdrm ing carbon does not readily form because there ham e rh ss f ar th.

The. burner can. a q a li d o. d m s i i coplging ranges or stoves, in which case,th e.rate or oil. fee i ch;any-chew-T0 1 a sua y somewhat less than thehigh fire rate Iof feed lseithe bi th heard in a r ac I a e nd ev pp ic ti he o i i sal}- reachesa temperature. of about 1290? The a hhhsi h burn r a e of co rse uma o var e i s th u d ar n from my hvehiiqhq rov d n horizonta hu h had, evenly, supplying. primary and secondary. air. un der pressure over. substantially all of the base area fthereot; to secure a base operat ng. temperg. att re so. highthat carbon will not form.

What I clairnas, nay invention is: a

141. ade h for hummel; il- 190??? ns. aha-mime hamb h vin r i ie hratev ide w ll and amo th at its r m ad'th ohehhapp shhd a es h ma v aid ran h ihg' mixin chamb h in a best o er. hi h gas and. a prst n qq d a he i ra hl Wh res. Said, m uth th t slc es earwar and ewhwats l tram said. mou h m ans. o .1%. Remap na e hnda r a r tr ke as.

'said base including means for forming a pmrality of primary air jets in said chamberoverlying said base, and means for forminga plurality of secondary air jets in said chamber overlying said base, said means for forming said secondary air jets being closer to the mouth of said vaporizing and mixing chamber than said means for forming said primary airjets, saidmeansfor.

forming said primary and said secondary air jets being spacedapart over a combined areathat overlies substantially all of said base within said vaporizing and mixing chamber and pointed. to

direct jets therefrom downwardly onto said base substantially at right angles thereto, means for admitting fuel oiltothe rear of said base, means for forcing air through said means for form-; ing said primary and secondaryair jets and.

against said base, and said means forming said primary and secondary air jets constituting the sole supply means for air from said air forcing means. I

2. A device for burning oil as claimed in claim 1, in which said base of said vaporizing and mixing chamber is formed with an extension that projects beyond said mouth in the same plane as the sloping portion thereof.

3. In a device for burning oil, an oil vaporizing and mixing chamber having imperforate side walls and a mouth at its front end through which vapors and gases can move, said vaporizing and mixing chamber having va base over which gases and vapors proceed as they travel towards said mouth. that slopes rearwardly and downwardly from said mouth, said base of said vaporizing and'mixing: chamber having a horizontalas' well as a sloping section, said horizontal section being atthe rear thereof and merging with said slopingsection, means for causingprimary and secondary air to strike against said base including means for forming a plurality of primary air jets in said chamber overlying said base, and means for forming a plurality of secondary air jets in said chamber overlying said base, said means for forming said secondary air jets being closer to the mouth of said vaporizing and mixing chamber than said means for forming said primary air jets, said means for forming said primary and said secondary air jets being uni. formly spaced apart over an area that overlies substantially all of said base within said vaporizing and mixing chamber and pointed to direct jets therefrom towards said base substantially at right angles thereto, means for admitting fuel oil to the rear of said base, means for forcing air through said means for forming said primary and secondary air jets and against said base and said means forming said primary and secondary air jets constituting the sole supply means for air from said air forcing means. I

4. A device for burning oil as claimed in claim 3 in which said base of said vaporizing and mixing chamber is formed with an extension that extends beyond said mouth in the same plane as the sloping portion thereof.

5. A device for burning oil comprising a casing, said casing being formed with an air admitting chamber and an oil vaporizing and mixing chamber, said vaporizing and mixing chamber having imperforate side walls and a mouth at its front end through which vapors and gases can move, said vaporizing and mixing chamber having a base over which gases and vapors proceed as they travel toward said mouth that slopes rearwardly and downwardly from said mouth, said air admitting chamber overlying said vaporizing and mixing chamber and being separated therefrom by a partition, said partition being. formed with a plurality of holes that serve asprimary air jets, said partition further being formed with a plurality of holesthat serve as secondary air jets, said primary and said secondary air jets being spaced over a combined area that overlies substantially all of the said base within said vaporizing and mixing chamber, said secondary jets being closer to the mouth of said vaporizing and mixing chamber than said primary jets, said partition in which said primary and'said secondary jets are formed being substantially parallel to said base as it slopes away from said mouth to direct an air stream therefrom toward said base, said air admitting chamber having an air-inlet, means for admitting fuel oil to the rear of said base, means for drawing air into said air admitting chamber and forcing it through said holes in said partition that separates said air admitting chamber from said oil vaporizing and mixing chamber-'to'strike against said base, andsaidholes formed in said partition constituting the sole supply means for air to said vaporizing and mixing chamber from said air forcing means. r

6. A device for burning oil as claimed in claim 5 iIl'WhiCh said base of said vaporizing and mixing chamber is formed with an extension that extends beyond said mouth in the same plane as the sloping portion thereof.

'7. A device for burning oil comprising,;a casing, said casing being formed with an air admitting chamber and with an oil vaporizing and mixing chamber, said vaporizing and mixing,

a sloping section, said horizontal section being at the rear thereof and merging with said sloping section, said air admitting chamber overlying said vaporizing and mixing chamber and being separated therefrom by a partition, said partition being formed with a plurality of holes that serve as primary air jets, said partition further being formed with a plurality of holes that serve as secondary air jets, said primary and said secondary air jets being spaced over a combined area that overlies substantially all of said base within said vaporizing and mixing chamber, said secondary jets being closer to the mouth of said vaporizing and mixing chamber than said primary jets, said partition in which said jets are formed being substantially parallel to said base where it slopes away from said mouth to direct the air stream from the jets formed therein toward said base, said air admitting chamber having an air inlet, means for admitting fuel oil to the rear of said base, means for drawing air into said air admitting chamber and forcing it through said holes in said partition that separates said air admitting chamber from said oil vaporizing and mixing chamber and against said base, and said holes formed in said partition constituting the sole supply means for air to said vaporizing and mixing chamber from said air forcing means.

8. A device for burning oil as claimed in claim 7, in which said base is formed with an extenmg and; mixing 7 chamber; haying, imperforate side;

walls and a; mcuthlat; its: front end through wh ch v pors nd sa xanrmnr aid: vaporiz ing and mixing chamber havingra baseorenzwhich gasesand: vapors proceed as, they traveletowards;

said; mouth "that Sl pes r arwardiy and 1 down-- Wa-rdlyirom said mouthinguisforidil ecting: pri and secondary; air te -strike against said; base including means for forming; a-plurality of primary air jets-in; said chamber orerlyingrsaid base, means .for forming a plurality: of secondary, air 7- ets. in said chamber; orerlying said-base; said secondary air jetsbeingcioser tothe mouth'of-z aid fl po zing and m X n mhamberthan said primary air jets said. means.., forming .said ;pri-. mary and said secondary ai ;its,.;being-spaced apart one! a combined area that oyeriiessubstantiallyall of said base within said. vaporizing; and? mixing; chamber and pointed to direct air therefromhdownwardly ontqsaid base substantially at right angles thereto means for admitting; fuel 0,111,110 therear ofsaid base.,-.and-said means forming said primary; and; said secondary air. jets. be

ing -thesole means for; admitting. air to. said vaporizing and: mixing, chamben. V

11., A device for; burning oil, comprising, a casm S d cas n LbB n Qri ImQd with an.- air admit-- ting chamber ;and@ with. .an:.oil, vaporizing and mixing chamber,; said vaporizing; and mixing a chamber: having imperfoiiatez side: walls and a mouth'atiits front end "through which'vaporsgand gases cam; more; said: vaporizing;- and mixing chamber: having a: base over which: gases 3 and vapors, proceed; as. they; travel toward :said-zmouth that, slopesrearwardly andi downwardly from said mouth, said. base? of v said; vaporizing: and; mixing" chamber having a horizontal :aswell as. a; sloping: 1 sectinn; said hnrizcntal section 1 being: atathe-irear thereofdand mergingiwith'said slope ingysection, said-air admittinga chamber overlying said. vaporizing:- and mixingehamber and" being separated therefrom by axpartitiom said. partition. being formed with :a plurality or holes that-serve as primarya-ir jets; said partition fur= therfl'being formed with a plurality of holesrthaflserve as secondary air jets, .said: primary and saidsecondary airrjets' being spaced over a-come bined. area that-overlies. substantiallyall -cifzzsai'd', base within said vaporizing :and. mixing chamber; said secondary jets being closer to the mouthrof said: vaporizi-ngand mixing: chamberthannsaid primary jets, saidrpartition in- .whichzsaid: jets are formedrbeingrisubstantially parallel to: said base where it. slopesraway from said1 mouth to; direct the air streamifromstheijetsformedz'thema in: to strike-said base. said. air admitting: chamher having an ,air: inlet; means for admitting fuel; oilto the rear of isai'd base; and said-holes:

; formed in1said: partition being-ithe' scl'e meansior' admitting air 'to. said .vaporizings: chamber.

Number 2,537,361 Miller Feb. 26, 1952

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