US2660135A

US2660135A - Shingle

Info

Publication number: US2660135A
Application number: US137749A
Authority: US
Inventors: Abraham Herbert
Original assignee: Ruberoid Co
Current assignee: Ruberoid Co
Priority date: 1950-01-10
Filing date: 1950-01-10
Publication date: 1953-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 1970-11-24

Description

Nov. 24, 1953, H. ABRAHAM 2,660,135

' SHINGLE Filed Jan. 10 1950 I 4 {2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. Maegan AERAHI/IM Nov. 24, 1953 H. ABRAHAM SHINGLE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 10, 1950 INVENTOR.

M M f Patented Nov. 24, 1953 SHINGLE Herbert Abraham, New York, N. Y., assignor to The Ruberoid 00., New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application January 10, 1950, Serial No. 137,749

2 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a shingle, particularly to a flexible interlocking shingle of com position roofing, commonly known as an asphalt shingle, of the type that when laid in courses with like shingles produces a covering of at least two thicknesses of material having T-shaped exposure patterns.

Examples of shingles of that type are disclosed in my Patent No. 2,444,623 and Killingsworth Patent No. 2,460,535. The minimum quantityof material required to cover a square, that is 100 square feet of roof area, with any shingles of that type that have heretofore been proposed has been not less than 250 square feet. With shingles of the form and proportions of my improved shingle I have been able to attain the desired result with use of only from about 233% to 239 square feet of material, depending on whether the shingle is out with a straight upper edge,-as in Fig. l, or with a projection along the major portion of the upper edge, as in Fig. 4.

Two important factors, among others, that enter into the economical manufacture and use of the shingles are: First the amount of waste entailed in cutting the shingles from a web or sheet of material; and second the amount of material required to cover a square of roof area. The present invention results in effecting a substantial saving in these factors with the result that the shingle are cheaper to manufacture, and more economical to use than others of the like type. The principal objects of the present invention are to provide an improved shingle of the T- type:

1. That produces a watertight covering of at least two thicknesses at all points of the roof with a minimum amount of shingle material per square; and,

2. That, when laid in interlocked relation with like shingles, i highly resistant to raising of the butt by wind pressure.

The invention will appear more fully from the following description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which:

. Fig. 1 is a plan or face view of one form of the improved shingle;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view of a web of roofing material showing how the shingles may be out without waste;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of a roof covering formed with the shingles; and,

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a modified form of the shingle.

The shingle III has a head portion l I cut out at Gael-1 u p r ems t tone a is! is e side, and a middle portion l3 having substantially sigmoid or S-shaped side edges l4 each of which comprises an inclined portion that terminates in reversely curved ends. On reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen, as indicated at Z, that the upper curved ends are out of alignment with and offset lateraily from the lower curved ends, for the purpose hereinafter stated. The inclined pertions of the 'side edges diverge from the head towards the butt of the shingle, and the curvature of the ends of said edges is semi-circular. The lower curved ends of the side edges define mailing tabs l5 through the center of which the nails 2| (see Fig. 3) that fasten the shingle to the roof are driven. The inner ends [6 of the nailing tabs where'they meet the shoulders H are slit vertically a shortdistance to allow for the thickness of the shingle material when one shingle is interlocked with another. The shank portion [8 of the shingle is formed with looking tabs 1 9 at its lower or butt end, each of which tabs preferably has an inclined upper edge as shown.

1 The shingles 10 are of such shape that they may be cut from a sheet 20 without waste, as shown in Fig. 2. This in itself is not claimed as a novel feature as I am well aware of the fact that shingle having such relationship are old in the art;

The modified form of shingle l0, illustrated in Fig. 4, may be cut in the like manner but with a slight amount of waste due to the provision of the projection'zz along its upper edge, which waste amounts to about /2% of the gross area of material from which the shingle is cut. In cutting the modified form of shingle, the waste occurs along the two longitudinal edgesof the sheet, a narrow rectangular portion being cut from the sheets at the ends of the butts of alternate shingles.

The shingles are coated with asphalt an usually faced with mineral particles or granules. It is desirable that the butt edge of the shingle be clean-cut and free from granules. On referring toFig. 2 it will be seen that the butts of alternate shingles along the medial longitudinal line of cut will be cleanly cut and free from granules, but due to the fact that the coating and granules may spill over the two outer edges of the sheet there is a possibility that some granules may adhere to the butts of alternate shingles that have their butts along said edges of the sheet. That objection may be avoided by forming the shingle with a projection 22 along the .top edge of the head, and cutting the shingles 3 from the sheet with slight waste of material as hereinabove described.

I have found that to obtain the maximum amount of double coverage with the minimum amount of material the height of the shingle should be not less than 3X+Y, where X, as indicated on Fig. 1, is the height of the shank portion l8 and Y is the depth from the top edge to which the material is cut out from each upper corner of the head portion II. The shingles are preferably cut to have an overall size of 20" x 20", that is the extreme width and the extreme height each being 20", however in the case of the modiv fiecl form of the shingle the height maybe increased /4" or A. With T-shaped shingles of these dimensions the distance X is 6" and the distance Y is 2" to 2%". When laid'they form T-shaped exposure patterns of 120 sq. in. area,.

and require 120 shingles to cover a square of roof surface. v

The shingles are laid in the manner illustrated in Fig. 3, that is'with the shingles of each course fastened by two nails 2i that pass through approximately the center of the nailing tabs I5. The locking tabs 3 of the shingles of each succeeding course are slipped under the shoulders I! of .two adjacent shingles of the course below and with the crotch of the tabs of the one shingle engaged with and caught in the slits or locking points 1630f the other shingles. The fact that the upper ends of the sideportions [4 are offset laterally with respect to the lower ends provides sufiicient lap adjacent said upper ends to pre- 'vent leakage.

The major portion of each exposure area T is ,co.vered,as at A, with two thicknesses of material; the portions at the bottom and'sides of the exposure pattern, indicated by the reference character '13, are covered with three thicknesses; and, the'portions C above the shank and at the locking tabs are each coveredwith four thicknesses. The percentages'of different thicknesses of covering material at the several portions are, approximatelytwo thicknesses 73%, three thicknesses 19%, and four thicknesses 8%. V V I.t' isto be noted that the ends of the butt of the exposure pattern, also the top and bottom ends of the narrow or shank portion of the T- shaped pattern are slightly elevated, each being supported by four thicknesses of material. Accordingly any wind, under the pressure of high wind velocities, that may enter under the butt can escape along the sides of the shank, and consequently the likelihood of the butt or' shank portion of the shingle being raised so as to become disconnected from the adjacent shingles, or to tear loose, under winds of high velocity is measurably decreased. Tests'made have shown that'the shingles will withstand wind velocities of '75 miles per hour, and higher, without causing the butts to raise sufiiciently to disengage the locking tabs.

It will be seen on reference to Fig. 3 that the locking points 16 and thenails 2| are substantially in horizontal alignment with one another.

This serves to eifect a more secure interlocking relationship of the shingles than where th nails are driven into the shingles at points above that at which the shingles of one course interlock with those of the course below. Moreover, it is to be noted that the semi-circular configuration of the nailing tabs l5 provides for at least a uniform distribution of material about the nails 2|, thus minimizing the danger of the tabs being torn by the effect of high winds.

Various modifications in detail may be made within the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.

What I claim is:

1. An interlocking flexible shingle that when laid in courses with like shingles provides a covering of at least two thicknesses of material throughout having T-shaped exposure patterns, said shingle having a head portion having cutouts in the corners of its upper end, a middle portion, and a shank portion having locking tabs at its butt end and shoulders at its upper end, said middle portion having downwardly diverging inclined side edges that terminate in reversely curved ends of semi-circular curvature the lower curved portions of which define nailing tabs through which the nails that fasten the shingles are driven, the upper curved ends each being offset laterally outward with respect to its correlative lower curved end, the inner ends of said lower curvedportions at their junction with said shoulders of the shank portion forming locking points with which the locking tabs of the shingles of the next upper course may be engaged and interlocked, the height of the shingle being 3X+Y in which X represents the height of the shank portion and Y the depth of the cut-outs in the u per ends of the head portion.

2. An interlocking shingle that when laid in courses with like shingles provides a covering of at least two thicknesses of material throughout having T-shaped exposure patterns, said shingle comprising a substantially rectangular head portion having similar cut-out in each of its upper corners to provide a laterally projecting tab at both sides of the head portion, an intermediate portion having substantially sigmoid shaped sides, the upper end of each of said sides being offset'laterally outward with respect to its lower end, and a shank portion having locking tabs at its butt end and shoulders at its upper end, the height of the shingle being 3X+Y in which X represents the height of the shank portion and Y the, depth joffthe cut-outs in the upper ends of the head portion, the inner ends of said lower curved portions at their junction with said shoulders of the shank portion forming locking points with which the locking tabs of the shingles of thenextupper course may be engaged and interlocked."

HERBERT ABRAHAM.

References Cited in the file of this patent