US2654842A - Radio frequency antenna - Google Patents

Radio frequency antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US2654842A
US2654842A US237857A US23785751A US2654842A US 2654842 A US2654842 A US 2654842A US 237857 A US237857 A US 237857A US 23785751 A US23785751 A US 23785751A US 2654842 A US2654842 A US 2654842A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
conductor
line
antenna
microwave
openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US237857A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Herbert F Engelmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Telecommunication Laboratories Inc
Original Assignee
Federal Telecommunication Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE513377D priority Critical patent/BE513377A/xx
Application filed by Federal Telecommunication Laboratories Inc filed Critical Federal Telecommunication Laboratories Inc
Priority to US237857A priority patent/US2654842A/en
Priority to ES0204303A priority patent/ES204303A1/es
Priority to GB17562/52A priority patent/GB709351A/en
Priority to CH317716D priority patent/CH317716A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2654842A publication Critical patent/US2654842A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/26—Surface waveguide constituted by a single conductor, e.g. strip conductor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radio antenna systerns and more particularly to a slot form of antenna particularly useful for radiation of microwave energy.
  • Microwave antenna systems heretofore required expensive conductor systems employing waveguides or coaxial cables. As technical development reached into higher and higher frequencies, the precision requirements of these types of radiation systems have become very exacting thereby rendering dinicult the manufacture of satisfactory microwave antennas.
  • One of the objects of this invention is to provide a simplified form of microwave antenna system which does not require the precision and exactness of microwave antenna systems heretofore believed necessary.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a microwave antenna system that may employ as a part of the radiation system a wall of the chassis or other apparatus associated therewith.
  • Still another object .of the invention is to provide a microwave antenna system which is of a character readily adapted for use of printed circuit techniques.
  • a further object is to provide a coupling arrangement utilizing the slot radiation feature of the invention.
  • One of the features of the invention is its utilization of a basic principle present in a theoretically perfect parallel line type of transmission system. This principle is discussed at length in the copending applications of D. D. Grieg and H. (F. Engelmann, Serial No. 227,896, filed May 23, 1951, and Serial No. 234,503, filed June 30, 1951.
  • the principle discussed in these copending applications is utilized in this invention by employing as theradiating element of the antenna system a conductor hereinafter referred to as a line conductor which is small in width or diameter compared to a second conductor, hereinafter referred to as the groundconductor. is small compared to the width of the line conductor.
  • the ratio of thedimensions of these two conductors is of the order of one to two or one to three, although, it may be greater if circumstances provide a wider ground conductor surface.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are plan and side views, respec- 2 tively,of an antenna array embodying the principles of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of a more complex antenna array
  • Fig. 4 is a front View of an antenna according to the invention which radiates circularly polarized energy
  • Figs. 5 and 6 represent rear and side views, respectively of an antenna array according to the invention employing printed circuit'techniques
  • Fig. '7 is a front view of an antennaarray similar to the one shown in Fig. 3 together with a balanced coupled line therefor;
  • Figs. 8 and 9 are longitudinal and cross-sectional views, respectively, taken along lines -8--'8 and 9-9 of Fig. 7.
  • a first or line conductor I is shown proximate to a second or ground conductor 2 which is pierced therethrough with openings 3 for the purpose of radiating energy propagated along conductor I in the region of the concentrated electric field betweenconductors i and 2. While the openings here and in other embodiments are shown as rectangular slots, other shapedopenings such as round, elliptical, square or even irregular will serve.
  • the line conductor 4 is supported by a termination 4 which may terminate the conductor in its characteristic impedance if it is desired that no standing waves be present in the line conductor, or the termination 4 may simply constitute a mechanical sup-port for the conductor.
  • a coaxial line 5 is shown energizing the antenna, although it will be understood that this may be a waveguide or other type of transmission system, such as the line-ground type discussed in our aforesaid copending applications.
  • Fig. 3 shows a more complex antenna array employing a branched line conductor 5 proximate to a number of openings 1 which determine the radiation pattern and polarization of the antenna.
  • Terminations B are shown for the line conductors 6 while the ground conductor 9 constitutes the plate in which the openings 7 are pierced.
  • the branching line conductors G are "sochosenin size and spacing with respect to the plate conductor Sthat they combine to match the impedance of the coaxial line '5.
  • a matching transformer may be used at the junc tion.
  • the pattern of radiation for the antennas of Figs. 1, 2 and3. may be adjusted by variation of one or more of the following parameters; the wave form along the line conductors I or 6, the
  • Figs. 1, 2 and 3 show two examples of antenna arrays embodying these principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention by which circularly polarized microwave radiation may be obtained.
  • a line conductor Hi is shown proximate to two openings ii and E2 in the ground conductor, which'are of rectangular form, disposed at right angles to each other and spaced apart approximately one quarter wavelength or an odd multiple thereof.
  • the two openings ll and i2 are of essentially slit character and produce radiation which is polarized in the direction of the slit which is at 90 with respect to that from the other opening due to the fact that the line conductor it is disposed at right angles with respect to its position proximate the other opening. More than two openings may be provided if desired in order to obtain both circularly polarized'energy and a prescribed amplitude radiation pattern.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 show an embodiment of this invention wherein the line conductor 13 is a strip of conductive material, printed, embossed 0r photographically applied onto one side of a strip of dielectric M, the opposite side of which is similarly covered by the ground conductor 15 Which possesses a number of openings 16 which define the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • Termination means are shown as a matching capacitive reactance in the form of an area of conductive material having capacity with plate I5. If desired, a matching inductive reactance may be provided by a proper stub length [3a of line :3.
  • the line conductor [3 may be suitably deformed as in Fig. 4 if radiation is desired which is not plane polarized.
  • the line conductor [3 may be suitably deformed as in Fig. 4 if radiation is desired which is not plane polarized.
  • the line conductor l3 may be branched as in V Fig. 3 to provide for a more complex antenna array and resultant radiation pattern.
  • the antenna comprises a ground conductor [8 in the form of a plate and two line conductors l9 and 20 supported on layers of insulation 21 and 22, the layers 2
  • the plate I8 is provided with two rows of antenna slots 23 and 24 across which the conductors l9 and 20 extend. These slots are fed by the microwave energy conducted by the lines 19 and 20 with respect to the conductor plate 18.
  • the lines I9 and 2c are coupled to a main lead line comprising a strip of con ductive material 25 which is connected directly to the plate conductor l8.
  • a layer of dielectric material 26 which supports the line conductor 20 which is also supported by the dielectric 22 on the antenna plate.
  • the line conductor [9 extends down across the opposite side of the conductor strip 25 and is supported thereon by a layer of dielectric material 21, the conductor being terminated by a short 23 connecting it to the conductor strip 25.
  • the two line conductors are coupled by means of a slot 29 contained in the ground conductor 25, the slot being located approximately one-quarter of a wavelength from the short 28.
  • the dielectric materials 25 and 21 of the transmission lead line are selected of different dielectric quality and of suflicient lengths so that the phase of the voltages on the two lines 59 and 20 are substantially out of phase thus providing a balanced system.
  • the transmission line 20 is on the side of the ground plate I8 opposite from the line conductor I9. This makes little difference in the radiation of the slots since the slots radiate in both directions from the plane of the plate I8 regardless of from which side the slots are fed.
  • the ends of the lines l9 and 20 are terminated in matched conductive reactance sections 30 and 3
  • a first conductor a second. conductor of planar shape wider than said first conductor, said second conductor being exposed conductively to open space on opposite sides of the plane thereof and having an opening therethrough across which extends said first conductor whereby part of the microwave energy propagated along said conductors is radiated by said opening into open space on both sides of the plane of said second conductor.
  • the second conductor includes two rows of openings and the line conductor is divided into two branches, a branch being extended crosswiseof one of said rows, and the other branch being extended crosswise of the other of said rows.
  • a microwave system a first conductor, a second conductor of planar shape wider than said first conductor, said second conductor having two rows of openings and said first conductor being divided into two branches, onebranch being disposed on one side of said second conductor and extended crosswise of one of said rows and the second branch being disposed on the opposite side of said second conductor and extended crosswise of the other of said rows, whereby microwave energy propagated along said branches is radiated by said openings.
  • a transmission line comprising a line conductor and a ground conductor to which a ground potential is applied, said ground conductor being wider than said line conductor, one of said branch conductors being connected to said line conductor, said second conductor being connected to said ground conductor and means for coupling said second branch conductor to said line conductor.
  • the means for coupling said second branch conductor includes an opening contained in said ground conductor with said line conductor extending across said opening on one side of said ground conductor and said second branch conductor extending across said opening on opposite sides of said ground conductor.
  • a microwave system further including a layer of dielectric material disposed on one side of said ground conductor to support said line conductor in spaced relation thereto and a second layer of dielectric material on the opposite side of said ground conductor to support said second branch conductor in spaced relation thereto, the dielectric quality of said two layers being different and of such length as to produce a phase difference in the microwave energy of said two branched conductors.
  • a first conductor a second conductor of planar shape wider than said first conductor, said second conductor having an opening therethrough across which extends said first conductor, and a, third conductor disposed on the side of said second conductor opposite to said first conductor, said third conductor being extended across said opening whereby microwave energy is coupled from said first conductor to said third conductor for propagation along said third conductor with respect to said second conductor.
  • said third conductor includes means for terminating said third conductor a distance beyond said opening equal to substantially onequarter wave or an odd multiple thereof of said microwave energy.
  • a microwave system further including a layer of dielectric material supporting said first conductor in spaced relation to said second conductor and a second layer of dielectric material supporting said third conductor in spaced relation with respect to said second conductor.
  • said second conductor includes two openings of slot configuration with one slot disposed at an angle to the other slot.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
US237857A 1951-07-21 1951-07-21 Radio frequency antenna Expired - Lifetime US2654842A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE513377D BE513377A (fr) 1951-07-21
US237857A US2654842A (en) 1951-07-21 1951-07-21 Radio frequency antenna
ES0204303A ES204303A1 (es) 1951-07-21 1952-07-01 Sistema de antenas de radiofrecuencia
GB17562/52A GB709351A (en) 1951-07-21 1952-07-11 Radio frequency antennae
CH317716D CH317716A (de) 1951-07-21 1952-07-21 Mikrowellen-Antennenanlage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US237857A US2654842A (en) 1951-07-21 1951-07-21 Radio frequency antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2654842A true US2654842A (en) 1953-10-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US237857A Expired - Lifetime US2654842A (en) 1951-07-21 1951-07-21 Radio frequency antenna

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2654842A (fr)
BE (1) BE513377A (fr)
CH (1) CH317716A (fr)
ES (1) ES204303A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB709351A (fr)

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2749524A (en) * 1952-04-01 1956-06-05 Itt Switching devices
US2760192A (en) * 1954-11-16 1956-08-21 Collins Radio Co Suppression of vertically polarized radiation from an omnidirectional range antenna system
US2794185A (en) * 1953-01-06 1957-05-28 Itt Antenna systems
US2797390A (en) * 1953-01-09 1957-06-25 Itt Microwave transmission lines
US2821708A (en) * 1954-06-01 1958-01-28 Bendix Aviat Corp Coupling connection for slot antenna
US2822541A (en) * 1954-12-10 1958-02-04 Itt Lens antenna system
US2833962A (en) * 1952-04-08 1958-05-06 Itt Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2834915A (en) * 1953-10-30 1958-05-13 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tube
US2877429A (en) * 1955-10-06 1959-03-10 Sanders Associates Inc High frequency wave translating device
US2895134A (en) * 1953-01-21 1959-07-14 Itt Directional antenna systems
US2899593A (en) * 1954-05-03 1959-08-11 Electron discharge devices
US2901709A (en) * 1954-12-14 1959-08-25 Gen Electric Wave coupling arrangement
US2945227A (en) * 1956-11-21 1960-07-12 Csf Improvements in ultra short wave directive aerials
US2954468A (en) * 1958-03-25 1960-09-27 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Microwave filter and detector
US2976499A (en) * 1958-05-14 1961-03-21 Sperry Rand Corp Waveguide to strip transmission line directional coupler
US2993205A (en) * 1955-08-19 1961-07-18 Litton Ind Of Maryland Inc Surface wave antenna array with radiators for coupling surface wave to free space wave
US3002189A (en) * 1959-11-18 1961-09-26 Sanders Associates Inc Three conductor planar antenna
US3031666A (en) * 1955-06-06 1962-04-24 Sanders Associates Inc Three conductor planar antenna
US3044066A (en) * 1955-06-06 1962-07-10 Sanders Associates Inc Three conductor planar antenna
US3155976A (en) * 1959-08-31 1964-11-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Broadband straight ladder antenna with twin wire balanced feed supplied via integralunbalanced line
US3228030A (en) * 1965-06-11 1966-01-04 Gen Dynamics Corp Shielded antenna
US3302207A (en) * 1964-02-28 1967-01-31 John G Hoffman Traveling wave strip line antenna
US3518688A (en) * 1965-11-22 1970-06-30 Itt Microwave strip transmission line adapted for integral slot antenna
US3665480A (en) * 1969-01-23 1972-05-23 Raytheon Co Annular slot antenna with stripline feed
US3688225A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-08-29 Us Army Slot-line
US3713165A (en) * 2013-01-22 1973-01-23 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Antenna for strip transmission lines
US3771075A (en) * 1971-05-25 1973-11-06 Harris Intertype Corp Microstrip to microstrip transition
DE2712608A1 (de) * 1976-05-04 1977-11-10 Ball Corp Hf-gruppenantenne aus strahlenden schlitzoeffnungen
US4325039A (en) * 1979-10-31 1982-04-13 Bicc Limited Leaky coaxial cable wherein aperture spacings decrease along the length of the cable
US4431997A (en) * 1981-02-18 1984-02-14 Motorola Inc. Compound element for image element antennas
US4845506A (en) * 1985-06-29 1989-07-04 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Antenna system
US5124713A (en) * 1990-09-18 1992-06-23 Mayes Paul E Planar microwave antenna for producing circular polarization from a patch radiator
US5160936A (en) * 1989-07-31 1992-11-03 The Boeing Company Multiband shared aperture array antenna system
US5486837A (en) * 1993-02-11 1996-01-23 Miller; Lee S. Compact microwave antenna suitable for printed-circuit fabrication

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2226470A (en) * 1939-10-18 1940-12-24 Lulu J Mcguffee Oil treating apparatus
US2297202A (en) * 1936-03-07 1942-09-29 Dallenbach Walter Transmission and/or the reception of electromagnetic waves
US2575571A (en) * 1947-05-13 1951-11-20 Hazeltine Research Inc Wave-signal directional coupler

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297202A (en) * 1936-03-07 1942-09-29 Dallenbach Walter Transmission and/or the reception of electromagnetic waves
US2226470A (en) * 1939-10-18 1940-12-24 Lulu J Mcguffee Oil treating apparatus
US2575571A (en) * 1947-05-13 1951-11-20 Hazeltine Research Inc Wave-signal directional coupler

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2749524A (en) * 1952-04-01 1956-06-05 Itt Switching devices
US2833962A (en) * 1952-04-08 1958-05-06 Itt Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2794185A (en) * 1953-01-06 1957-05-28 Itt Antenna systems
US2797390A (en) * 1953-01-09 1957-06-25 Itt Microwave transmission lines
US2895134A (en) * 1953-01-21 1959-07-14 Itt Directional antenna systems
US2834915A (en) * 1953-10-30 1958-05-13 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tube
US2899593A (en) * 1954-05-03 1959-08-11 Electron discharge devices
US2821708A (en) * 1954-06-01 1958-01-28 Bendix Aviat Corp Coupling connection for slot antenna
US2760192A (en) * 1954-11-16 1956-08-21 Collins Radio Co Suppression of vertically polarized radiation from an omnidirectional range antenna system
US2822541A (en) * 1954-12-10 1958-02-04 Itt Lens antenna system
US2901709A (en) * 1954-12-14 1959-08-25 Gen Electric Wave coupling arrangement
US3044066A (en) * 1955-06-06 1962-07-10 Sanders Associates Inc Three conductor planar antenna
US3031666A (en) * 1955-06-06 1962-04-24 Sanders Associates Inc Three conductor planar antenna
US2993205A (en) * 1955-08-19 1961-07-18 Litton Ind Of Maryland Inc Surface wave antenna array with radiators for coupling surface wave to free space wave
US2877429A (en) * 1955-10-06 1959-03-10 Sanders Associates Inc High frequency wave translating device
US2945227A (en) * 1956-11-21 1960-07-12 Csf Improvements in ultra short wave directive aerials
US2954468A (en) * 1958-03-25 1960-09-27 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Microwave filter and detector
US2976499A (en) * 1958-05-14 1961-03-21 Sperry Rand Corp Waveguide to strip transmission line directional coupler
US3155976A (en) * 1959-08-31 1964-11-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Broadband straight ladder antenna with twin wire balanced feed supplied via integralunbalanced line
US3002189A (en) * 1959-11-18 1961-09-26 Sanders Associates Inc Three conductor planar antenna
US3302207A (en) * 1964-02-28 1967-01-31 John G Hoffman Traveling wave strip line antenna
US3228030A (en) * 1965-06-11 1966-01-04 Gen Dynamics Corp Shielded antenna
US3518688A (en) * 1965-11-22 1970-06-30 Itt Microwave strip transmission line adapted for integral slot antenna
US3665480A (en) * 1969-01-23 1972-05-23 Raytheon Co Annular slot antenna with stripline feed
US3688225A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-08-29 Us Army Slot-line
US3771075A (en) * 1971-05-25 1973-11-06 Harris Intertype Corp Microstrip to microstrip transition
DE2712608A1 (de) * 1976-05-04 1977-11-10 Ball Corp Hf-gruppenantenne aus strahlenden schlitzoeffnungen
US4325039A (en) * 1979-10-31 1982-04-13 Bicc Limited Leaky coaxial cable wherein aperture spacings decrease along the length of the cable
US4431997A (en) * 1981-02-18 1984-02-14 Motorola Inc. Compound element for image element antennas
US4845506A (en) * 1985-06-29 1989-07-04 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Antenna system
US5160936A (en) * 1989-07-31 1992-11-03 The Boeing Company Multiband shared aperture array antenna system
US5124713A (en) * 1990-09-18 1992-06-23 Mayes Paul E Planar microwave antenna for producing circular polarization from a patch radiator
US5486837A (en) * 1993-02-11 1996-01-23 Miller; Lee S. Compact microwave antenna suitable for printed-circuit fabrication
US3713165A (en) * 2013-01-22 1973-01-23 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Antenna for strip transmission lines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES204303A1 (es) 1952-09-01
GB709351A (en) 1954-05-19
BE513377A (fr)
CH317716A (de) 1956-11-30

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