US2649768A - Hydrant - Google Patents

Description

A118- 25 1953 N. M. ANDERSON 2,649,768

' HYDRANT FiledAug'. 30, 1950 Patented ug. 25, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Noel M. Anderson, Des Moines, Iowa Application August 30, 1950, Serial No. 182,261

7 Claims.

My invention relates to hydrants and is an improvement over the device disclosed in my copending application on a Yard Hydrant led July 16, 1949, and having application Serial Number 'Hydrants are not new and have long been used in connection with large water systems. However, as electric power has now made it possible, especially for farmers, to pump water from their own wellsfunder pressure, individual yard hydrants have become increasingly more commonplace.

The beneiits of a water system to the farmer cannot be utilized unless he can deliver the water where it is needed, such as the watering trough orwin his barn or the like. Thus, to have water available when and where he needs it, a yard hydrant is usually located at selected sites. Obviously, such sites are frequently in the open and therefore precautions must be taken to prevent ice from forming in the hydrant during cold weather and thereby rendering it inoperable. This lis done by placing the lower Valve portion in the ground below the frost line or by placing it in a covered pit adjacent the pump, and having only the upper nozzle part extending above the surface. Also, present type yard hydrants are provided with a drain hole in the valve seat body to carry ofT" ythe water left in the standpipeV after the valve is closed. This hole also serves as a place for water to drain out. into the ground in the eventof any leakage around the valve seat washer. This latter purpose is necessary for while valves are not supposed to leak they frequently do, and if the Iwater from such a leak should rise in the standpipe above the frost line, it will freeze in cold weather.

However, most present type yard hydrants having the features above enumerated have several disadvantages, particularly for the farmer, which I will endeavor to point out.

Quite frequently a farmer will desire to turn vhis hydrant on for a continuous slow flow such Y as for a milk-cooling tank or keep-ing a watering trough at a desired level or the like, and when this is done, asV it frequently is, the hydrant becomes in effect nothing more than a conduit. To do this, however, will often result in a considerable leakage and loss of water .through thedrain hole in the valve seat body. This is true because most present type hydrants Aare constructed so .that the valve assembly on the valve steml running .to the valve seat will close ofi' the drain hole only when the valve is substantially fully opened. Consequently, if the Valve is onlyl partially open la substantial amount of water passes out through the drain hole 4as well as out of the nozzle. This handle, and

is an important factor vwhen water is pumped from a well because the more water lost through leakage, the more-the pump will operate, and in case of a low water supply the unnecessary waste of water can become critical. Y

In some present type hydrants a sleeve of rubber or the like arranged on the valve assembly is designed to close offr the drain hole when the valve is open and such a construction will function substantially satisfactorily when the hydrant is used intermittently, but when the hydrant is opened for a continuous flow5 experience has shown that thel continuous constant pressure against the sleeve eventually results in water nding its way into the drain hole where it is not only wasted, but unnecessarily saturates the ground adjacent the drain outlet which obviously adversely affects the eiciency of drainage at this point.

These objects I have overcome by my invention, the principal object of which is to provide an improved means for preventing the escape of water through the drain hole in a hydrant when the hydrant valve is in open position.

More particularly my invention has special utility when the hydrant valve is open for eX- tended periods of time.

Specifically my invention embodies the use of a pair of cup washers, preferablyl made from a resilient materialsuch as leather or the like, with these Washers mounted on the valve stem so that they are adjacent each other and their cupped portions extend in opposite directions. kAt least one of these washers is capable of closing the drain hole when the hydrant valve is open and the Washers are arranged so that their respective cupped portionsare in the path of flow of water toward the drain hole both from the source of supply-and fromthe hydrant standpipe.

These and other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

My invention consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of the various parts of thedevice, whereby the objects contemplated are attained as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figrl is a perspective View of this device ready for use, A l Y.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of Fig. l of this device showing the valve in closed position, with the dotted lines in the upper portion of the figure indicating the open position of the lever Fig; 3 is Yan' enlarged cross-section view of the Vvalve assemblyin Fig. 2 of this device but showing'the valve irl open 'position and showing the .position 'of the double cup washer arrangement in respect tothe drain hole.

`Referring .toVv the drawings I have used the numeral l0 to designate the standard water main pipe through which water is pumped under pressure. The numeral II designates a valve seat body housing provided with the U-shaped channel I2 that communicates with the inlet and outlet portions of the housing, as shown in Fig. 3. The inside of the inlet and outlet portions of the housing I I are threaded so that the inlet portion can be secured to the pipe I and the outlet portion can communicate with the standpipe I3. The numeral I4 designates a standpipe drain hole provided in the housing II. PreferablyV I have threaded this drain hole so that a drain pipe can be secured thereto if desired. A nozzle is provided comprising the integrally formed portions, consisting of a jacket head chamber I5, the nozzle I6 that is threaded on its outside end portion, the water channel II, a U-shaped open portion that has a bottom surface I8 in common with the top surface of the head chamber I5, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and two spaced apart horizontal bearing ears I9 above the U- shaped open portion to form the top of the nozzie head. The purpose of this open portion will be later described in detail.

The pipe I3 at its upper end communicates with the lower portion of the head chamber I and at its lower end with the housing II, as heretofore described, thus forming a continuous water channel from the pipe I0 to the nozzle I6.

The numeral 20 designates a valve stem that is threaded at its upper end and arranged within the standpipe I3. The upper threaded end portion of this valve stem 2|] slidably extends up through the head chamber I5 and protrudes .-.a

above the surface I8 of the head chamber I5, as shown in Fig. 2. The numeral 2I designates a standard water-tight gland consisting of the gland packing and gland nut sleeve arranged within the head chamber I5. In Fig. 2 I show a connecting sleeve 22 because I preferably use a brass rod for the valve stem above the sleeve 22 while the portion below is of any suitably material. However, this is not necessarily required and the valve stem can be in one piece, if desired. My purpose in using the brass portion just described is not only for additional strength but because it will not rust, whereas many other types of tubing or pipe will rust and this in turn tends to tear the packing and thereby increase the possibility of leakage at this point. Also, if the valve stem is not formed from one piece of metal, the diierent portions may be the same size orrdiiferent, and if different then an adapter sleeve must be used to join them together.

The lower end of the valve stem extends down into the housing II, but not into chamber I2, and is operatively associated with the valve and plunger assembly which I will now describe. The

'numeral 23 designates a sleeve secured to the bottom of the valve stem, and the numeral 24 designates a cylindrical plunger threaded to the lower portion of the sleeve 23 and arranged within the housing I I, as shown in Fig. 3. The sleeve 23 and plunger 24 can be made in one piece as well as in two, as shown in my drawings, without affecting its function or efliciency. The numeral 25 designates an inwardly extending circumscribing lip formed in the lower inside end portion of the plunger and the numeral 26 desof the plunger 24 and the bolt shank extends downwardly through the lower reduced portion 28 of the plunger and is likewise vertically slidable and rotatable therein.

The numerals 29 and 30 respectively designate a pair of cup washers and their arrangement in this device constitutes the novel feature of this invention.

Metal washers 3I and 32 are arranged on the bolt so that the upper one 3| engages the bottom of the reduced portion 28 of the plunger. While only one of the Washers 3l and 32 is necessary, I have illustrated the use of two merely to point out how morethan one can be used to increase tension on the coil spring which I will later describe. The cup washer 29 is mounted on the bolt 26 with the cup portion up as shown in Fig. 3. The washer 33 is likewise mounted on the bolt and is adjacent the washer 29 butinverted in relation thereto so that its open portion extends downwardly as illustrated. A metal washer 34 is mounted on the bolt 26 and positioned within the confines of the cup washer 30. Each of these cup washers are of such a diameter as to frictionally slidably engage the inner wall 33 of the housing I I and to also slidably frictionally engage the perimeter of the shank o'f bolt 25. The numeral 35 designates a iiat retaining washer threaded to the end of the bolt 2B and the numeral 36 designates a coil spring arranged on the bolt 2B and having one end in communication with the washer 36 and its other end in communication with the bottom of the metal washer 34, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The numeral 31 designates a valve seat rubber washer detachably secured to the bottom of the bolt 26 by the stud screw 38.

The numeral 33 designates a lever handle member shaped substantially as shown in Fig. 2. The sides of the upper end portion of the handle 39 are at and each of these sides are machined to form a stub shaft 40 that projects laterally therefrom. The numeral 4I designates a block bearing member that has a threaded holo through it, and a boss portion 42 formed on two opposite sides thereof. The numeral 43 designates two flat rectangular metal strap link members provided with holes in each respective end portions. The bearing member 4I is threaded to the top of the valve stem 20 where it protrudes above the surface I8. One end of one of the link members 43 is arranged on one of the boss members 42 and the other end thereof is arranged on one of the stub shafts 40. Ihe second link member 43 is similarly arranged on the opposite side on the boss and stub shaft of the bearing member and handle respectively. The stub shaft portion of the handle is eccentrically arranged between the bearing ears I9 by means of the bolt and nut 44, as shown in Fig. l and Fig. 2. In this position the bearing ears I9 serve to keep the strap link member in place and no other securing means for this purpose is necessary.

My hydrant constructed and assembled as above described will operate in the following manner. The raising or lowering of the valve stem by means of the lever handle 39 will, of course, raise or lower the valve seat washer to control the flow of water under pressure from ignates a llister head bolt slidably protruding Y from the bottom of the plunger 24 with .the bolt head resting on the lip 25, as shown in Fig. 3. By this arrangement the bolt head is vertically sli-dable and rotatable within the chamber 21 the pipe IIJ, as desired. As the handle is raised, it will, because of the eccentric, raise the strap link member 43 which in turn will raise the bearing member 4I that is threaded to the valve stem, thereby opening the valve. The handle will remain at any degree of open Vposition desired s without any catches,l springs, hooks or the like and the pressure of the water on the valve will not be able to open it any further because of the counter-balancing resistance offered by the handle due to the manner invwhich it is mounted.

The bearing member 4I provides a means for.

adjusting the valve seat washer when it is first installed and later if it should become unduly worn and compressed. In iirst installing the valve if it should be found that the valve seat washer does not t tight enough, or later when the washer may have become worn, the bearing member can be rotated counterclockwise to lengthen the valve stem and likewise if the lwasher nts too tightly the bearing member can be rotated clockwise to shorten the valve stem. To thus have easy access to this bearing member I have positioned it above the head chamber I5 in the U-shaped open portion of the nozzle head above referred to.

It will be noted that when the valve is in closed position, as shown in Fig. 2, that the standpipe drain hole I4 in the housing Il is not covered by the cup washer 29. However, the washer 29 will close this drain hole as it rises with the opening of the valve and as the valve is closed, this washer passes below the drain hole to permit the water in the standpipe to drain out. In this operation it should also be noted that before the cup washer 29 closes the drain hole in its upward movement it must of necessity travel the short distance to the hole and thus in present type hydrants if a slight opening of the valve is desired for a continuous slow ilow, the drain hole will either be only partially closed or not closed at all because the valve seat washer moves in unison with the sleeve for covering the drain hole, thereby creating the disadvantages hereto mentioned.

In my device, however, the valveseat washer 31 and valve stem 20 do not always move in unison for, as I will point out, the washer 31 is stationary at times when the valve stem 29 may be moving either upwardly or downwardly. In Fig. 2, this hydrant is shown in closed position with the handle 39 down, the washer 31 is seated, the spring 36 is compressed and the washer 29 is below the drain hole I4. Also in closed position, the head of bolt 26 is in the upper portion of chamber 21. As the handle 39 is then raised, the valve stem 2G, sleeve 23 and plunger 24 all being connected together, will rise accordingly as will the washers 29 and 30 which are held in tight engagement with the bottom of the plunger portion 28 as above described. The washers 29 and 36 move upwardly with the valve stem 20 since the raising of this stem releases pressure on the spring which urges Ythe washers 2S and 30 upwardly. The effect of the spring is of course double acting so that in the initial upward movement of the valve stem 2D the washer 31 is held in seated position and remains there until the slack between the head of the bolt 26 and the lip 25 is taken up. This slack is suiicient for the washer 29 to completely close the drain hole Id before the lip 25 engages the bolt 26 at which time the washer 31 will Ythen rise in unison with movement of the' valve stem 20. Thus, it will be observed that the washer 31 may be unseated to obtain any desired ilow and maintained thereat without permitting leakage at the drain hole which is closed prior to the unseating of the washer 31.

When o losing thishydrant, the vwashers 31,

29, and 30 and plunger 24 will move initially in unison because the plunger portion 2B engages the washers 3| and 32 that transmit force through washers 29 and 30, through washer 34 to the spring 36 which compresses as it seats washer 31. The washer 31 will seat before the handle 39 is fully lowered and as the handle is continued downwardly, the spring 36 is further compressed and the plunger moves downwardly on the shank of bolt 28 to create slack between the head of the bolt and lip 25 in chamber 21 as above described. ' Ihe washers 29 and 30 move downwardly with the plunger and open the drain hole I4 when the handle 39 is fully lowered.

It will also be observed that this spring being compressed when the valve is closed is constantly exerting a downwardly pressure on the valve seat washer. Consequently, if the valve seat washer begins to wear, the tension in the coil spring will automatically tend to maintain it tightly in the valve seat and compensate for wear, thereby prolonging the useful life of the washer and more important, providing an additional safeguard against preventing leakage and the resulting waste of valuable water. Should the valve seat washer become worn to a degree greater than the coil spring can compensate for, then an additional manual adjustment can be made by the bearing member at the top of the valve stem as previously described.

It will also be observed that when the lever handle is moved to close the valve, this spring absorbs some of the pressure therefrom so that the valve seat rubber washer 31 is eased onto the valve seat and cannot be jammed into closed position. This effect considerably prolongs the life of the washer 31.

Once in its open position this hydrant may be left in that position indefinitely without danger of losing water through the drain hole and this is due tothe arrangement of the two cup washers 29 and 30. With a continuous flow of water through the housing II from the pipe I0, the bulk of the water will of course flow through the channel I2 into the standpipe. However, there is obviously water pressure against the bottom ofthe valve and around the plunger 24 and it is at these points where the pressure eventually forces water to the drain hole in most current type hydrants. In my device, however, the inverted cup washer 38 forms a tight seal against the inner wall 33 below the drain hole I4 and water under pressure from below merely lls this cup washer and thereby further increases the frictional contact thereof against the wall 33 to prevent any leakage through the hole I4. The cup washer 29 will in a similar manner seal '01T the drain hole from above.- Itwill also be observed that due to the manner of mounting the washers 29 and 30 on the shank of bolt 26 as above described, that there is no leakage of water intermediate the bolt shank and these washers so that all flow of 1wlaater to the nozzle must pass through channe I I Thus, inrny device the cupped portion of the rrespective washers will be in the path of flow ats/raves The handle on my invention is shaped so that it can be easily grasped by hand and because of its position relative to the nozzle head, its open or closed position can be ascertained merely by visual observation. This is of great advantage at times to the farmer who may wish to look across his barn or yard area to see whether his hydrant is on or on. I also wish to point out that due to the swivel arrangement of the bolt 26 within the plunger 24, there is no twisting of the washer 31 on its valve seat when the hydrant head is removed for repairs or inspection. Obviously if the head is rotated to remove it from the standpipe and withdraw the valve stem 2t and valve assembly, the stem 20 and plunger will rotate. Normally, the washer 3l would likewise rotate and thus cause undue wear thereon. However, in my arrangement, the washer 31 being secured to the bolt 26 remains stationary even though the plunger rotates and thus is a safeguard for prolonging the useful life thereof.

Some changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of my hydrant without departing from the real spirit and purpose of my invention, and it is my intention to cover by my claims, any modied forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim:

1. In combination `with a valve housing having an inlet and an outlet connected by a C-shaped channel and a side drain hole oppositely disposed from said channel and communicating only with said outlet, a valve assembly, com,- prising, a Valve stem slidably disposed in said housing in the same plane as a -direct line between said inlet and outlet, means for moving the same in two vertical directions respectively, a cylindrical plunger secured to the bottom of said valve stem, an internal shoulder in said plunger, a bolt having its head portion slidable and rotatable within said plunger intermediate said shoulder and the bottom of said valve stem, said bolt head portion engageable with said shoulder, a pair of cupped washers frictionally slidably arranged on the shank portion ef said bolt, said washers being adjacent each other and having their cupped portions extending in opposite directions, a irst disc washer on said bolt within the confines of the upper cupped washer, a second disc washer on said bolt within the connes of said lower cupped washer, a third washer on the bottom of said bolt adapted to seat at times in said inlet, a yielding means on said bolt having one end engaging said second disc washer and the other end engaging said third washer, each of said cupped washers blocking the flow of water therepast from one direction respectively, said yielding means compressed by said plunger, said bolt head portion out of engagement with said shoulder, said third washer seated and said drain hole open when said valve stem is in its lowermost position, and when said valve stem is being moved towards its uppermost position, said bolt initially remaining stationary under temion of the expanding yielding member to hold said third washer seated while said cupped washers move upwardly on said bolt'shank under pressure or" said eX- panding yielding means so that at least the upper cupped washer closes said drain hole and after which said shoulder engagesl said bolt head portion to move the same upwardlyin unison 8 with said Valve stem and unseat said third washer.

2. A device as dened in claim 1 in which when said valve stem is being moved from its uppermost to lowermost position, said bolt initially moves downwardly therewith under contact of said plunger on said rst disc washer until said third washer is seated and thereupon remains stationary while Said plunger continues to move downwardly to compress said yielding means and move said cupped washers past said drain hole to open the same.

3. In combination with a valve housing having an inlet and an outlet connected by a C-shaped channel and a side drain hole oppositely disposed rom said channel and communicating only with said outlet, a valve assembly, comprising, ,a valve stem slidably disposed in said housing in the same plane as a direct line between said inlet and outlet, means for moving the same in two Vertical directions respectively, a cylindrical plunger secured to the bottom of said valve stem, an internal shoulder in said plunger, a bolt having its head portion slidable and rotatable within said plunger intermediate said shoulder and the bottom of said valve stem, said bolt head portion engageable with said shoulder, a pair of cupped washers frictionally slidably arranged on the shank portion of said bolt, said washers being adjacent each other and having their cupped portions extending in opposite directions, a third washer on the bottom of said bolt adapted to seat at times in said inlet, a yielding means on said bolt having one end engaging one of said cupped washers and the other end engaging said third washer, each of said cupped washers blocking the ow of water therepast from one direction respectively, said yielding means compressed by said plunger, said bolt head portion out of engagement with said shoulder, said third washer seated and said drain hole open when said valve stem is in its lowermost position, and when said valve stem is being moved towards its uppermost position, said bolt initially remaining stationary under tension of the expanding yielding member to hold said third washer `seated while said cupped washers move upwardly on said bolt shank under pressure of said expanding yielding means so that at least the upper cupped washer closes said drain hole and after which said shoulder engages said bolt head portion to move the same upwardly in unison with said valve stem and unseat said third washer.

4. In combination with a valve housing having an inlet and an outlet connected by a water channel and having a side drain hole communieating only with said outlet, a valve assembly, comp-rising, a valve stem slidably disposed in said housing, means for moving the same in two vertical directions respectively, a cylindrical plunger secured to the bottom of said valve stem, an internal shoulder in said plunger, a bolt having its head portion slidable and rotatable within said plunger intermediate said shoulder and the bottom of said valve stem, said bolt head portion engageable with said shoulder, a pair of cupped washers frictionally slidably arranged on the shank portion of said bolt, said washers being adjacent each other and having their cupped portions extending in opposite directions, a first disc washer on said bolt within the connes of the upper cupped washer, a second disc washer on said bolt within the connes of said -lower cupped washer, a third` washer on the bottom of said bolt adapted to seat at times in said inlet, a yielding means on said bolt having one end engaging said second disc washer and the other end engaging said third washer, each of said cupped washers blocking the iiow of water therepast from one direction respectively, said yielding means compressed by said plunger, said bolt head portion out of engagement with said shoulder, said third washer seated and said drain hole open when said valve stem is in its lowermost position, and when said valve stem is being moved towards its uppermost position, said bolt initially remaining stationary under tension of the expanding yielding member to hold said third washer seated while said cupped washers move upwardly on said bolt shank under pressure of said expanding yielding means sothat at least the -upper cupped washer closes said drain hole and after which said shoulder engages said bolt head portion to move the same upwardly in unison with said valve stem and unseat said third washer.

5. In combination with a valve housing having an inlet and an outlet lconnected by a water channel and having a side drain hole communicating only with said outlet, a valve assembly, comprising, a valve stem slidably disposed in said housing, means for moving the same in two vertical directions respectively, a cylindrical plunger secured to the bottom of said valve stem, an internal shoulder in said plunger, a bolt having its head portion slidable and rotatable within said plunger intermediate said shoulder and the bottom of said valve stem, said bolt head portion engageable with said shoulder, a pair of cupped washers frictionally slidably arranged on the shank portion of said bolt, said washers being adjacent each other and having their cupped portions extending in opposite directions, a third washer on the bottom of said bolt adapted to seat at times in said inlet, a, yielding means on said bolt having one end engaging one o-f said cupped washers and the other end engaging said third washer, each of said cupped washers blocking the flow of water therepast from one direction respectively, said yielding means compressed by said plunger, said bolt head portion out of engagement with said shoulder, said third washer seated and said drain hole open when said valve stem is in its lowermost position, and when said valve stem isbeing moved toward its uppermost position, said bolt initially remaining stationary under tension of the expanding yielding member to hold said third washer seated while said cupped washers move upwardly on said bolt shank under pressure of said expanding yielding means so that at least the upper cupped washer closes said drain hole and after which said shoulder engages said bolt head portion to move the same upwardly in unison with said valve stem and unseat said third washer.

6. In a hydrant of the class described, a housing having an inlet and an outlet, a drain hole intermediate said inlet and outlet at one side of said housing, an unobstructed water channel connecting said inlet and outlet on the other side of said'housing, a valve assembly operable in said housing intermediate said water channel and drain hole, said valve assembly comprising, a valve stem mounted to slide in said housing in the direction of its length, a cylindrical plunger secured to the bottom of said valve stem, an

internal shoulder in said plunger, a bolt having its head portion slidable and rotatable within said plunger intermediate said shoulder and the bottom of said valve stem, said bolt head portion engageable with said shoulder, a pair of cupped washers frictionally slidably arranged on the shank portion of said bolt, said washers being adjacent each other and having their cupped portions extending in opposite directions, a rst disc washer on said -bolt within the confines of the upper cupped washer, a second disc washer on said bolt within the confines of saidv lower cupped washer, a third washer on the bottom of said bolt adapted to seat at times in said inlet, a yielding means on said bolt having one end engaging said second -dis-c washer and the other end engaging said third washer, each of said cupped washers blocking the flow of water therepast from one direction respectively, said bolt movable upwardly and downwardly at times in unison with said valve stem and being stationary at times during the movement of said Valve stem, movement of said cupped washers always being in unison with said valve stem, and one of said cupped washers operating to open and close said drain hole.

7. In a hydrant of the class described, a housing having an inlet and an outlet, a drain hole intermediate said inlet and outlet at one side of said housing, an unobstructed water channel connecting said inlet and outlet on the other side of said housing, a valve assembly operable in said housing intermediate Said water channel and drain hole, said valve assembly comprising a valve stem mounted to slide in said housing in the direction of its length, a cylindrical plunger secured to the bottom of said valve stem, an internal shoulder in said plunger, a bolt having its head portion slidable and rotatable within said plunger intermediate said shoulder and the bottom of said valve stem, said bolt head portion engageable with said shoulder, a pair of cupped washers frictionally slidably arranged on the shank portion of said bolt, said washers being adjacent each other and having their cupped portions extending in opposite directions, a third washer on the bottom of said bolt adapted to seat at times in said inlet, a, yielding means on said bolt having one end engaging one of said cup washers and the other end engaging said third washer, each of said cupped washers blocking the iiow of water therepast from one direction respectively, said bolt movable upwardly and downwardly at times in unison with said valve stem and being stationary at times during the movement of said valve stem, movement of said cupped washers always being in unison with said valve stem, and one of said cupped washers operating to open and close said drain hole.

NOEL M. ANDERSON.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 166,401 Mooney Aug. 3, 1875 193,188 Shriver July 17, 1877 f 385,602 Ette July 3, 1888 1,083,291 Miller et al. Jan. 6, 1914 1,177,437 Neumeyer Mar. 28, 1916 1,265,479 Moore May 7, 1918 1,846,623 Volk Feb. 23, 1932

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